EVOLUTION & CLASSIFICATION

CLASSIFICATION Grouping organisms based on similarities.

This is the science of TAXONOMY

Classification is based on common ancestors with: Similar structures/anatomy Similar biochemical makeup Similar embryonic development

TAXONOMY KINGDOM (least similar) PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES* (most similar)

*NOTE: members of the same SPECIES can mate and produce fertile offspring.

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE We use a 2 part naming system to identify

an organism, using their GENUS and SPECIES. Ex. Humans are Homo sapien

THE KINGDOMS Monera

Single-celled organisms Heterotrophs No nucleus (prokaryotic)

Ex. Bacteria

THE KINGDOMS Protista (Protists)

Two different groups Heterotrophs (protozoa) Autotrophs (alga)

Single-celled organisms Have a nucleus (eukaryotic)

Ex. Amoeba (heterotroph) Algae (autotroph)

THE KINGDOMS Fungi

Multi-cellular Heterotrophs (non-photosynthetic)

Ex. Mushrooms & Yeast There are 14,000 different

species of mushroom

THE KINGDOMS Plant

Multi-cellular Autotrophs

Ex. Tree & Bush

THE KINGDOMS Animal

Multi-cellular Heterotrophs

Ex. Birds

THE ANIMAL KINGDOM Divided into different phyla.

Coelentrates Hollow body cavity with one opening

Ex. Jellyfish & Hydra Annelids

Segmented bodies & tube within a tube body cavity Ex. Earthworm

Arthropods Segmented bodies, jointed legs, exoskeleton

Ex. Grasshopper & Lobster Chordates

Have a backbone with dorsal nerve Ex. Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals