Chapter 2
Chapter 2Section 2Why do scientists classify?Classification: the
process of grouping things based on their similaritiesBiologists
use classification to organize living things into groups so that
the organisms are easier to studyThe scientific study of how living
things are classified is called TAXONOMY Once a scientist
classifies an organism, they know a lot more about the organismsFor
examplea bird what do we know??
The Naming system linnaeusCarl Linnaeus--- botanist, physician,
zoologist (1750s)Linnaeus placed organisms in groups based on
observable featuresThe same classification system is still used
today!!Each organisms got a two-part scientific name = BINOMIAL
NOMENCLATUREWhat does binomial mean?!
Genus and SpeciesBinomial nomenclature, the two parts of the
name are theGenus (genera)SpeciesWhats the difference?GENUS: is a
classification grouping that contains SIMILAR, closely related
organisms.Example: pumas, jaguar, tiger, house cats (genus:
Felis)SPECIES: is a group of similar organisms that can mate with
each other and produce offspring that can also mate and
reproduceExample: the name includes where it lives or its
appearancebinomial nomenclature RULESA complete scientific name is
written in italicsOnly the first letter of the first word is
CAPITALIZEDGenus species (Correct way to write it!)
Felis Concolor(Puma)WRONG!!!
Carcharodon carcharias(Great White Shark)RIGHT!!!caretta
caretta(Loggerhead Turtle)WRONG!!!
Why binomial nomenclature?Easy for scientists to
communicateWritten in one language, LATIN (language scientists used
at that time)Scientists around the world use the same name for the
same organism
Example---
We call this animal a woodchuck, groundhog, or whistlepig why
not give it one universal name? Marmota monaxLevels of
classificationThere are 8 levels of classificationBROAD
>>>>>> MORE SPECIFIC
The more classification levels that two organisms share, the
more characteristics they have in common. (page 46)
Classification SYSTEMHow am I going to remember the Levels in
order?Did King Phillip Come Over For Good Spaghetti?
Domains and KingdomsThree domains: BACTERIA, ARCHAE,
EUKARYAOrganisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on CELL
TYPETHEIR ABILITY TO MAKE FOODNUMBER OF CELLS IN THEIR BODIES
bacteriaAre all around you!Can be both autotrophic or
heterotrophicProkaryotesOrganisms whose cells lack a nucleus,
therefore the nucleic acids float in the cellWhat is a
NUCLEUS?Dense area in a cell that contains nucleic acids Compare it
to a captain of a team
ArchaeFound in EXTREME environmentsExamples: hot springs, very
salty water, swamps, and intestines of cowsCan be both autotrophic
or heterotrophicUnicellular prokaryotes (similar to bacteria)Archae
means ancientSimilar conditions of ancient Earth
Dead SeaDomain EukaryaEukaryotes: Organisms with cells that
contain nucleiProtistsFungiPlantsAnimals
ProtistsCan be both autotroph OR heterotrophCan be both
unicellular OR multicellular (seaweeds)odds and ends
fungiMushrooms, mildew, and moldsCan be both multicellular OR
unicellular (yeast for breads)ONLY HETEROTROPHS
PlantsAll MULTICELLULAR EUKARYOTES, AUTOTROPHSPlants provide
food for most of the heterotrophs on land
All multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophs
Animals
