European Particle Number (PN) Emissions for 2005, 2020 And 2030, with a focus on the transport sectors

Conclusions:

!  PN are relevant for climate (as CCN) and health (Ultrafine PM0.1)

!  PN emissions are the best approximation to quantify Ultrafine PM

!  It is very important to realize the difference between solid and total PN (= solid + volatile); not always correlated and difference is factor ~2-6.

!  Base year 2005: Transport sector responsible for 75% of all European PN emissions, road transport is dominant land-based source

!  Airports are now an important “point” source (but not solid PN)

!  In 2020, PN emissions in road transport (diesel particulate filters) and shipping (low-sulphur fuels) decrease significantly.

!  Predicted Decrease for shipping realistic? – will S contents go down?

How to compile an UFP / PN inventory?

! PM emission inventories are not suitable!! (mass fraction UFP is too small)

!  Most Particle number (PN) emissions are in the UFP range (< 100 nm); Almost all PN < 300nm

!  PN emission = Activity X PN emission factor (EF)

!  Compile Activity data for major sources, checked & updated; ~70 source categories distinguished

!  Preferably use direct PN emission factors (in combination with PN size distribution), if not available:

!  Determine fraction of PM0.3 in PM1 and using a PN size distribution to estimate total PN in the PM0.3

!  If desired: Calculate UFP mass based on PN size and density

First version is TNO-EUCAARI PN emission inventory Second version is TNO-TRANSPHORM PN inventory

Complete dataset UNECE-Europe !  Transport sector contributes about 75% to PN emissions

Also available

for individual countries

PN in future years for transport sectors !  EU 27 & seas only! (no scenario activity data outside this domain) !  Transport sector Bottom-up [ other sources: trends of PM2.5, not shown]

Spatial distribution

Used as: model input (Fountoukis et al., 2013; Manders et al, 2014) To quantify anthropogenic CCN (Paasonen et al., Nature Geosciences, 2013) For comparison with spatial patterns in observational data (Beddows et al. ACP, 2014)

European Particle Number Emissions for 2005, 2020 And 2030, with a focus on the transport sectors

Authors: Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jeroen Kuenen, Antoon Visschedijk, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands Zissis Samaras, Iias Vouitsis, LAT, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece Christian Schieberle, IER, University of Stuttgart Germany Jana Moldanova , IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden) Andreas Petzold DLR, now at Forschungszentrum Jülich Pauli Paasonen ; Dept. of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland & IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria Christer Johansson; ITM Stockholm University, & Environment and Health Administration, Stockholm, Sweden

EUFP6 EUCAARI – more info: Kulmala et al.; Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 13061-13143, 2011 doi:10.5194/acp-11-13061-2011

Acknowledgments:

More info: http://www.transphorm.eu/