Eun-Suk SeoEun-Suk Seo 15. layer1 layer2 layer3. layer4. SCD provides particle charge identification. ISS-CREAM. Choi et al. ICRC 2019, CRD 1. The individual elements are clearly identified

Eun-Suk SeoUniversity of Maryland

for the ISS-CREAM Collaboration

ISS-CREAM Collaboration

aInst. for Phys. Sci. and Tech., University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA bDept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

cDept. of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea dLaboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Grenoble, France

eDept. of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea fInstituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico

Y. Amarea, D. Angelaszeka,b, N. Anthonya, G. H. Choic, M. Chunga, M. Copleya, L. Deromed, L. Eraudd, C. Falanaa, A. Gerretya, L. Hagenaua, J. H. Hana, H. G. Huha, Y. S. Hwange, H. J. Hyune, H.B. Jeone, J. A. Jeonc, S. Jeongc, S. C. Kang,e H. J. Kime, K. C. Kima, M. H. Kima, H. Y. Leec, J. Leec, M. H. Leea, C. Lamba, J. Lianga, L. Lua, J. P. Lundquista,c, L. Lutza, B. Marka, A. Menchaca-Rochaf, T. Mernika, M. Nestera, O. Ofohaa, H. Parke, I. H. Parkc, J. M. Parke, N. Picot-Clementea, S. Rostskya, E. S. Seoa,b,J. R. Smitha, R. Takeishic, T. Tatolia, P. Walpolea, R. P. Weinmanna, J. Wua, Z. Yina,b, Y. S. Yoona,b and H. G. Zhanga

Eun-Suk Seo 2ISS-CREAM

Thanks to NASA HQ/GSFC WFF/JSC/MSFC/KSC, Space X and JAXA

PoS(ICRC2019)1177

News since the last ICRC:


ISS-CREAM launch on SpaceX-12, 8/14/17

BESS

ATIC

ground based Indirect measurements

How do cosmic accelerators work?

Elemental Charge

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CREAM

AMS

&

Super TiGER

Mission GoalExtend the energy reach of direct measurements of cosmic rays to the highest energy possible to investigate cosmic ray origins, acceleration and propagation.

ISS-CREAM

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γ < 200 GeV/n = 2.77 ± 0.03γ > 200 GeV/n = 2.56 ± 0.04

CREAM C-Fe

He

γCREAM = 2.58 ± 0.02

γAMS-01 = 2.74 ± 0.01

5

(Ahn et al., ApJ 714, L89, 2010)

Yoon et al. ApJ 728, 122, 2011; Ahn et al. ApJ 714, L89, 2010

CREAM-IγP = 2.66 ± 0.02γHe = 2.58 ± 0.02

It provides important constraints on cosmic ray acceleration and propagation models, and it must be accounted for in explanations of the e+e- anomaly and cosmic ray “knee.”

Discrepant hardening

ISS-CREAM

PAMELA (Adriani et al., Science 332, 69, 2011)AMS-02 (Aguilar et al., PRL 114, 171103 & 115, 211101, 2015)

CREAM Eun-Suk Seo 6

T. K. Gaisser, T. Stanev and S. Tilav, Front. Phys. 8(6), 748, 2013

CREAM data to explain the knee and beyond

Acceleration limit:Emax_z = Ze x R = Z x Emax_p,where rigidity R = Pc/Ze

Need to extend measurements to higher energies

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Ptuskin et al. ApJ 718, 31, 2010Ptuskin et al. ApJ 763, 47, 2013Zatsepin & Sokolskaya, A&A, 458,1, 2006

Yoon et al. (CREAM Collaboration) ApJ 839:5, 2017

ISS-CREAM

Additional source?

Silicon Charge Detector (SCD)• Precise charge measurements with

charge resolution of ~ 0.2e• 4 layers of 79 cm x 79 cm active

area (2.12 cm2 pixels)

Top/Bottom Counting Detector (T/BCD)• Plastic scintillator

instrumented with an array of 20 x 20 photodiodes for e/p separation

• Low energy trigger

Calorimeter• 20 layers of alternating

tungsten plates and scintillating fibers

• Determines energy• Provides tracking and

high energy trigger

Boronated Scintillator Detector (BSD)• Additional e/p separation by

detection of thermal neutrons

Carbon Targets• Induces hadronic interactions

SFCs and common electronics inc. Trigger, CMD, HSK, Power

ISS-CREAM InstrumentSeo et al. Adv. in Space Res., 53/10, 1451, 2014; Smith et al. PoS(ICRC2017)199, 2017


PresenterPresentation NotesHere we have an exploded view

Cosmic Ray Event SimulationSeo et al. Adv. in Space Res., 53/10, 1451, 2014

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Cosmic Ray Particle

ISS-CREAM

ISS-CREAM Eun-Suk Seo 10

Monte Carlo Simulations

Incident Energy (GeV)

● ISS-CREAM triggered ● ISS-CREAM good events● CREAM-3 good events

Layer number1 10 20

10

1

10-1

10-2100 GeV

100 TeV

10 TeV

1 TeV

Wu et al., ICRC 2019, CRD40 poster

protons

Series of beam tests at CERN


Picot-Clemente et al., PoS(ICRC2017)247; Han et al., ICRC 2011, 6, 392; N.Park et al., NIM A, 581, 133, 2007; Ahn et al. Nucl. Phys. B (Poc. Suppl.), 150, 272, 2006; Ahn et al. CALOR 2004, 532, 2005. I. Park et al., NIM A535, 158, 2004 etc.

Flight data: Cosmic Ray Detection


Examples of high energy events


Lundquist et al. ICRC 2019, CRD 18 poster

CAL provides energy measurements

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Cosmic ray all particle counts

Preliminary

ISS-CREAM

104 105 106 Energy (GeV)

dN/d

E

E -2.6 ± 0.1

Kim et al. ICRC 2019, CRD14 poster

Lundquist et al. ICRC 2019, CRD18 poster

Eun-Suk Seo 15

layer1layer2layer3layer4

SCD provides particle charge identification

ISS-CREAM

Choi et al. ICRC 2019, CRD 1

The individual elements are clearly identified. The relative abundance in this plot has nophysical significance, because needed corrections for interactions and propagations havenot been applied to these data.

Elemental Spectra


● p ● He

● He● C ● O

Takeishi et al. ICRC 2019, CRD 7c oral

17

Marshall Space Flight Center

Data flow Commands

Huntsville Operation Support Center (HOSC)

Data relay

HOSC Near Real Time (NRT) Data

STELLA & TReK

Playback Data Monitoring

OPTIMISOperation log

EHSWebIVoDS

Event DisplayData Merging

Data Monitoring Receiving data Sending commands

Science Operation Center, UMD

Ethernet

STELLA & TReK

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ISS-CREAM Science Operation

ISS-CREAM

Kim et al. ICRC 2019, CRD 13

Web Monitoring and Data Distribution

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http://cosmicray.umd.edu/iss-cream/data

• Monitor performance of CREAM instrument using in-flight calibration data

– Every hour: Noise level (pedestal runs) of Calorimeter, SCD, and TCD/BCD

– Every two hours: Charge gain, HPD aliveness etc.

• Relay the housekeeping data to a web server for worldwide monitoring

– 1558 housekeeping parameters every 5 sec

– Provides warning by color display when values are out of range.

• Visualize interactions of cosmic rays in CREAM by generating event display plots of science events.

• Process all data and distribute them in ROOT format for analysis.

– Refine the initial pre-launch detector calibrations channel by channel to reflect the actual flight conditions, including time-dependent effects

Noise level of one layer of SCD HPD aliveness of CAL

ISS-CREAM

CAL pedestal reached a plateau in November 2017


Temperature Dependence


ISS orbit and SAA

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South Atlantic Anomaly

• August 2017 – August 2018: Instrument on only during non-SAA orbit to avoid potential radiation damage

• September 2018 – February 2019: Instrument on continuously ISS-CREAM

Summary

• The ISS-CREAM payload survived the launch and was safely placed on the ISS without any damage that precludes minimum success

• The science operation was nominal– Science data were received at the Science Operation Center

and commands were successfully sent to the payload • The instrument was functional and met minimum

success criteria• The preliminary analysis shows PeV energy scale

cosmic ray events • The preliminary analysis indicates a significant amount

of helium nuclei in 1013 – 1015 eV• Results will be quantified as the data analysis matures


Slide Number 1ISS-CREAM CollaborationSlide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5CREAM data to explain the knee and beyondNeed to extend measurements to higher energiesSlide Number 8Cosmic Ray Event SimulationSlide Number 10Series of beam tests at CERNFlight data: Cosmic Ray DetectionExamples of high energy eventsCAL provides energy measurementsSlide Number 15Elemental SpectraSlide Number 17Web Monitoring and Data DistributionCAL pedestal reached a plateau in November 2017Temperature Dependence � Summary

Documents

Eun-Suk SeoEun-Suk Seo 15. layer1 layer2 layer3. layer4. SCD provides particle charge identification. ISS-CREAM. Choi et al. ICRC 2019, CRD 1. The individual elements are clearly identified