Dr. Denis GruberFaculty of Sociology, St. Petersburg State University

DAAD-Lecturer for Sociology

"Ethnic and National Minorities in Europe” 08.09.2009: Consultation and Introduction: Which

Majorities and which Minorities?

15.09.2009: Patterns of Exclusion: Constructing Ethnicity

22.09.2009: Ethnic Minorities in Europe. Nationhood and Nationalism

  06.10.2009: The Model of Ethnic Democracy  13.10. 2009: The New European Diasporas:

National Minorities and Conflicts in Eastern Europe

"Ethnic and National Minorities in Europe” 27.10.2009: The Russian-speaking minority in

the Baltic States

10.11. 2009: Post-Soviet Transnational Migrants in Germany and Central Asia. A Comparison

17.11.2009: Integration of Turkish Immigrants in Germany, France and the Netherlands

24.11.2009: Minorities in Greece, Norway, Sweden and Belgium

"Ethnic and National Minorities in Europe” 01.12.2009: Minorities in South-Eastern

Europe

08.12.2009: Minorities in Great Britain  15.12.2009: Migration, Language and

Integration  22.12.2009: Ethnic Mobilization and

Ethnic Violence

GLOSSARY OF TERMS minority group ethnicity identity ethnic identity ethnic minority national minority integration inclusion exclusion self-exclusion

Minority … sociological minority is not necessarily a numerical

minority it may include any group that is subnormal with

respect to a dominant group in terms of social status, education, employment, wealth and political power

some authors prefer the terms "subordinate group" and "dominant group" rather than "minority" and "majority

"minority" typically refers to a socially subordination ethnic group (understood in terms of language, nationality, religion and / or culture)

minority groups also include people with disabilities, "economic minorities" (working poor or unemployed), "age minorities" (who are younger or older than a typical working age) and sexual minorities

Minority UN Special Rapporteur:“A group numerically inferior to the rest of the

population of a State, in a non-dominant position, whose members – being nationals of the State – possess ethnic, religious or linguistic characteristics differing from those of the rest of the population and show, if only implicitly, a sense of solidarity, directed towards preserving their culture, traditions, religion or language.”

Sociology of minority groups

Sociologist Louis Wirth defined a minority group as

"a group of people who, because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the others in the society in which they live for differential and unequal treatment, and who therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.“

Ethnic Minority The term 'ethnic minority' is mainly used to

denote people who are in the minority within a defined population on the grounds of 'race', colour, culture, language or nationality

EUROPEAN ETHNIC MINORITIES Åland Islands• Albanians• Alsace• Aosta Valley• Arabs• Aragon• Armenians• Aromanians• Asturias• Azores•

Basque Country• Belarussians• Bosniacs• Brittany• Bulgarians• Bunjevci (Bunyevtsi) in Serbia• Canary Islands• Cashoubs• Catalonia• Cimbres• Cornwall• Corsica• Crimea• Croats• Csángó• Czechs• Danes• Estonians• Faroe Islands

EUROPEAN ETHNIC MINORITIES Finns• Flanders• Frisia• Friuli• Gagauzia• Galicia• Germans• Greeks• Grishun• Hungarians• Ingria• Ireland (North)• Italians• Karelia• Kosovo (Albanians)• Kurdistan• Ladins• Latvians• Lipovians• Lithuanians• Livonians• Lorraine - Moselle• Low Germans• Ludians• Luxembourgers• Macedonians• Madeira• Man / Isle of Man• Mirandians• Mócheno• Montenegro• Moravia

EUROPEAN ETHNIC MINORITIES Occitania• Poles• Pomaks• Prussia• Romanians• Roms• Russians• Ruthenians• Sápmi (Lappland)•

Sardinia• Savoy• Scania• Scotland• Serbs• Seto• Silesia• Slovaks• Slovenes• Sorbs• South Tyrol• Swedes• Tatars• Transdniestr / Transnistria• Turks• Ukrainians• Vepsia• Võro• Votes• Wales• Wallonia• Walser• Yenishes• Yiddish

National minority to be a citizen of a nation-state