Estimation of Greenhouse Gases of Methane and Nitrous ...permana.staff.ipb.ac.id/files/2010/05/Presentasi-AINI-Menado-2015-Idat...11/30/2016 2 The Main GHG from Agriculture Sector

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Estimation of Greenhouse Gases of Methaneand Nitrous Oxide Produced from Livestock inBogor Regency

Idat G. Permana, Sri Suharti & Arfi Z.H. Basuki

Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed TechnologyFaculty of Animal Science – Bogor Agricultural University

International Seminar of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Universitas Sam Ratulangi , Menado 8-9 September 2015

International Seminar on Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Menado 8-9 September 2015

INTRODUCTION

• Global climate change is happening a few years caused by greenhouse gases (GHG).

• Some types of GHG that have contributed to global warming:– carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), dinitrogen

oxide or nitrous oxide (N2O) and other gases.• Greenhouse gas emitter sector (IPCC, 2006):

– energy, industrial, agriculture, waste, and other activites.

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The Main GHG from Agriculture Sector

GHG from Livestock Sector

• Livestock subsector contributes 18% of the global warming (Steinfeld et al., 2006).

• Ruminants are main producer of methane.

• Methane are produced from metanogen bacteria.

• Nitrous oxide (N2O) produced from manure management.

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Inventory of GHG

• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an international scientific institutions that has task to do assessment climate change.

• IPCC issued the methodology for the calculation of estimated GHG,

• IPCC published Emission Factor (EF) for all animal type for each country, including Indonesia.

• Qurimasari (2011) reported that EF of dairy cattle in West Java was higher than EF default from IPCC.

• According to the preview researchs, the EF’s for animal from Indonesia should be corected and adjusted by animal performances.


Objective

• Objective this study is to estimate greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from Livestock in Bogor Regency using the IPCC (2006) Guideline Tier 1 (default) and Tier 2 (modified) methods.

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METHODOLOGY• Livestock population data (dairy, beef, sheep, goat, pig,

and chicken) were collected from Bogor Livestock Services Office.

• Emission Factor (EF) for methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were calculated according to– default emission factors (Tier 1), IPCC (2006)– enhanced or modified according to animal performance (Tier 2)

• Animal performance and farm management were collected from frams field some farm using survey method:– Population structure, body weight, weight gain, reproduction status, milk

production, milk quality, feed management as well as manure management system.


Calculation of CH4 Emission

CH4 emission from livestock was calculated by:• CH4 emission = N(D) x EF(T) x 106

– N(D) = livestock population (head)

– EF(T) = emission factor (kg CH4/head/year)

Emission Factor (EF) were calculated by:– EF(Tier 1) : default of IPCC (2006)

– EF(Tier 2) : modified model

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Calculation of N2O Emission

• CH4 emission = N(D) x EF(T) x 106

– N(D) = livestock population (head)

– EF(T) = emission factor (kg N4O/head/year)

• EF(Tier 1) = default by IPCC (2006)


RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

58%

5%

13%

24%

Dairy Cattle

Dairy cowBullYoungCalf

45%

3%

29%

23%

Beef Cattle

MaleBullYoungCalf

Figure 1. Population Structure of Dairy and Beef Cattle in Bogor Regency

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Table 1. Animal Performaces and Emission Factors (EF) of CH4 for Dairy Cattle

Parameters Tier 1 (IPCC, 2006)

Tier 2(Modified)

Body weight (kg) 350 390

DE (%) 60 60

Milk Production (kg/head/day) 4.5 9.3

Milk Fat (%) 4 3.9

Pregnancy (%) 80 80

Gross Energy (MJ/head/day) 160 218

EF (CH4 kg /head/year) 68 93

Emission Factor (EF) for dairy cow in Indonesia was higher than default(93 vs 68 CH4 kg/head/year)


Parameters

Tier 1 (IPCC, 2006)

Tier 2(Modified)

Cattle in pasture Female Male Young Calf Cattle in

pasture Female Male Young Calf

Body weight (kg) - 300 400 200 - - 266 250 117 66

DE (%) - 60 60 60 - - 56 56 56 56

Milk Production (kg/head/day)

- 1.1 - - - - 1.1 - - -

Milk Fat (%) - 4 - - - - 3.45 - - -

Pregnancy (%) - 45 - - - - 45 - - -

Gross Energy (MJ/head/day)

- 106 113 84 - - 108 88 65 42

EF (CH4 kg /head/year)

48 46 48 36 - 34 46 38 28 18

Table 2. Animal Performaces and Emission Factors (EF) of CH4 for Beef Cattle

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Parameters Tier 1 (IPCC, 2006)

Tier 2(Modified)

Buffalo 56 55

Pig 1 1

Goat 5 5

Sheep 5 5

Horse 18 18

Table 3. Emission Factors (EF) of CH4 for Other Animals


Table 4. Total CH4 Emmision in Bogor Regency

Animal Type

Tier 1 Tier 2

Enteric Fermentation

ManureManagement

Total Enteric Fermentation

ManureManagement

Total

Dairy Cow 0.50 0.22 0.72 0.49 0.02 0.51

Beef Cattle 0.86 0.02 0.88 0.61 0.02 0.63

Buffalo 1.12 0.04 1.16 1.1 0.04 1.15

Pig 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.02

Horse 0.01 0.0 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01

Goat 0.59 0.03 0.62 0.59 0.04 0.63

Sheep 1.40 0.06 1.46 1.40 0.08 1.49

Poultry - 0.21 0.21 - 0.18 0.18

Total 4.49 0.61 5.09 4.36 0.43 4.62

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Animal TypeTier 1 Tier 2

Direct Indirect Total Direct Indirect Total

Dairy Cow 0.00 95.01 95.01 0.02 10.02 10.04

Beef Cattle 0.00 0.25 0.25 0.00 7.94 7.94

Buffalo 0.23 19.91 18.14 0.01 13.19 13.30

Pig 0.00 2.13 2.13 0.00 1.05 1.05

Horse 0.00 0.29 0.29 0.00 0.25 0.25

Goat 0.00 25.64 35.64 0.00 46.74 47.08

Sheep 0.00 107.92 107.92 0.80 110.07 110.88

Poultry 0.08 25.47 25.56 0.08 25.47 25.56

Total 0.32 259.17 284.98 0.93 189.29 216.00

Table 5. Total N2O Emmision from Livestock in Bogor Regency


Animal TypeTier 1 Tier 2

Total Emmision (Gg CO2 eq)

% Total Emmision (Gg CO2 eq)

%

Dairy Cow 44.78 22.2 14.61 8.6

Beef Cattle 20.27 10.1 16.87 9.9

Buffalo 31.99 15.9 30.32 17.8

Pig 1.50 0.7 0.81 0.5

Horse 0.25 0.1 0.24 0.1

Goat 24.81 12.3 28.50 16.7

Sheep 65.53 32.5 67.06 39.4

Polutry 12.32 6.1 11.80 6.9

Total 201.46 100 170.21 100

Table 6. Total Greenhouse Gases (Gg CO2 Eq) from Livestock in Bogor Regency

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Conclusion

• In general, total GHG emissions from livestock calculated by modified (Tier 2) was 15.5% lower than default IPCC (Tier 1)

• The GHG emissions from the livestock in Bogor Regency in 2010 were 201.46 Gg CO2 eq (Tier 1) or 170.21 Gg CO2 eq (Tier 2).

• Total GHG emission were contributed from sheep 39%, buffalo 18%, dairy cattle 22%, goat 9% and beef cattle 10%.


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Estimation of Greenhouse Gases of Methane and Nitrous ...permana.staff.ipb.ac.id/files/2010/05/Presentasi-AINI-Menado-2015-Idat...11/30/2016 2 The Main GHG from Agriculture Sector