Establishing an Enterprise GIS

Master Thesis submitted within the UNIGIS MSc. programme

at the Centre for Geoinformatics (Z_GIS) University of Salzburg, Austria

under the provisions of UNIGIS joint study programme with Goa University, India

Establishing an Enterprise GIS A Case Study of Total E&P Indonesie Company

By

Novandy Ritung STUDENT ID: UP40305

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of

Master of Science (Geographical Information Science & Systems) – MSc (GISc)

Advisor (s):

Dr. Shahnawaz

Centre for Geoinformatics University of Salzburg, Austria

Jakarta, Indonesia, June 21, 2011

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Science Pledge

By my signature below, I certify that my project report is entirely the result of my own

work. I have cited all sources of information and data I have used in my project report and

indicated their origin.

Jakarta, June 21, 2011

Place and Date Signature

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Acknowledgements:

Deep thanks to Dr. Shahnawaz for help and careful review of this thesis. Generous input

has been received from my superior Mr. Olivier Poudens and Mr. Puguh Sarwanto.

They have given me opportunity and discretion to complete this thesis to use company’s

data with their permission. At the last and most important thing is supporting of my lovely

wife Eva with never ceasing her giving spirit to finish this thesis; and to my wonderful sons

Ken and Reynard who make my world colourful with their smiles.

Novandy Ritung

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Abstract

An Enterprise GIS is a Geographic Information System that is fully integrated with the

overall technology architecture through an entire organization lifecycle so that a large

number of users can manage, share, and use spatial data and related information to

address a variety of needs, including data creation, modification, visualization, analysis for

planning, operation and decision support by management and operational staff.

Enterprise GIS are still relatively new and organization just began making the leap to

achieve the fully benefits of implementing Enterprise GIS. Although at the beginning

Geographical Information System is viewed as a technology project and an arena or the

technically sophisticated computer professional, the development of enterprise GIS is

dependent more on proper management participation and supervision than on the

technical solution. Therefore GIS implementation should be regarded as continuous

innovative process, combining data, technology, processes, human resources and

partnerships.

Total E & P Indonesie Company is an upstream affiliate of Total Group, one of the leading

Oil and Gas Companies in the world. Its businesses cover the entire oil and gas chain,

from crude oil and natural gas exploration and production to power generation,

transportation, refining, petroleum product marketing, and international crude oil and

product trading. Total E & P Indonesie Company established in Jakarta is one of the

largest Production Sharing Contractors for Oil and Gas in Indonesia.

The goal of exploration and production of Oil and Gas Company is to lift-up oil and gas

from inside the earth and to transport them to be processed in refinery. There are many

activities has to be done to make this goal successful.

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Company owns a set of databases which store information of about 1,600 wells, 1,962 km

length of pipelines, movement of 300 fleet (rig, barges, vessel, any boats) and weather

condition data from 7 locations and any other data covering 628,150 Ha areas such as

environmental, societal, economical, public facilities and other type of documents/reports.

Also, there are many applications running on daily basis in Total E&P Indonesie with deal

and correlate to geographic coordinates or maps. These applications owned, managed

and used by different entities in Total E&P Indonesie and handling a very large amount of

data in various specific databases. The needs of data sharing among department

increasing to support activities on cross functionality.

To gain the real benefit of data and application sharing among department, to visualize,

and analyzed comprehensive data for planning, operation and decision support by

management and operational staff, Company has to switch from independent, stand-alone

GIS systems to more integrated approaches that share resources and applications – the

Enterprise GIS. The basic idea to implement an enterprise GIS is to address the needs of

departments collectively instead of individually. The development of one comprehensive

infrastructure minimizes potential conflicts and misunderstandings and can result in

significant cost savings and performance improvements.

In a review of the identities of GIS in company, this thesis summarizes five levels of

maturity on six criteria which is grouped in technology factor and human factor. Analysis

performed on all of these factors to see the level of development at the company toward

the stage enterprise GIS.

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Table of Contents

Science Pledge ……………………………………………………………………………….….. 1

Acknowledgments…………………………….…………………………………………………... 2

Abstract…………………………………………..………………………………………………... 3

List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………………………… 7

List of Figures …………………………………………………………………………………..…7

List of Maps………………………………………………………………………………………... 8

Appendices…………………………………………………………………………...…………….8

Chapter-1: Introduction ..................................................................................................9

1.1. Background..........................................................................................................9

1.1.1. Enterprise GIS..............................................................................................9

1.1.2. GIS in Petroleum Industry ..........................................................................10

1.1.3. Introduction to Total E & P Indonesie Company ........................................16

1.1.4. The Benefits of Enterprise GIS ..................................................................17

1.2. Objectives ..........................................................................................................20

1.3. Area of Focus.....................................................................................................20

Chapter-2: Methodology...............................................................................................22

2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................22

2.2. Identification.......................................................................................................24

2.2.1. Needs Assessment Framework .................................................................24

2.2.2. User Interview ............................................................................................25

2.2.3. Job Function and Work Flow......................................................................25

2.2.4. Grand Design .............................................................................................26

2.3. Evaluation Criteria..............................................................................................26

2.3.1. Technical Criteria .......................................................................................26

2.3.2. Human Factor ............................................................................................28

2.3.3. Level of Maturity.........................................................................................29

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Chapter-3: Processes and Results ..............................................................................35

3.1. Initial Assessment ..............................................................................................35

3.1.1. Ideas ..........................................................................................................36

3.1.2. Data............................................................................................................38

3.1.3. Technology.................................................................................................41

3.1.4. People ........................................................................................................43

3.1.5. Method .......................................................................................................45

3.2. System Architecture Grand Design....................................................................45

3.2.1. Data Architecture .......................................................................................46

3.2.2. Software Architecture.................................................................................48

3.2.3. Hardware Architecture ...............................................................................52

3.2.4. People Development..................................................................................53

3.2.5. Development Phases .................................................................................54

3.3. Standalone Application ......................................................................................57

3.4. Centralize database ...........................................................................................59

3.5. Utilize Web Server .............................................................................................61

3.6. Integration ..........................................................................................................64

3.7. Evaluation ..........................................................................................................67

Chapter-4: Conclusions................................................................................................71

4.1. Benefits ..............................................................................................................71

4.2. Appreciation .......................................................................................................74

4.3. Thesis Recommendation - Further Development ..............................................76

References …………………………………………………………………………………….83

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List of Tables

Table 2.1 GIS Maturity Matrix 30

Table 3.1 ESRI ArcGIS licenses in 2006 42

Table 3.2 ESRI ArcGIS licenses by Department in 2006 42

Table 3.3 GIS Functions 45

Table 4.1 User Growth 73

List of Figures

Figure 1.1 Integrated GIS 18

Figure 2.1 Simplified Organisation Structure Total E&P Indonesie 22

Figure 2.2 Business Process of Upstream Sector 23

Figure 3.1 GIS Architecture in 2006 43

Figure 3.2 User Categories 44

Figure 3.3 Grand Design 46

Figure 3.5 Development Phase 55

Figure 3.6 GIS Development Processes 57

Figure 3.7 Web-GIS Application 63

Figure 3.8 Scattered Applications 64

Figure 3.9 Integrated Systems 66

Figure 3.10 GIS Maturity Level of Total E&P Indonesie, 2008 67

Figure 3.11 GIS Maturity Level among subsidiaries in Total Group, 2008 68

Figure 3.12 GIS Maturity Level of Total E&P Indonesia, 2010 69

Figure 4.1 Graph of User Growth 73

Figure 4.2 Average number of user per day 74

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List of Maps

Map 1.1 Operation Area of Total E&P Indonesie in East Kalimantan Province.................21

Appendices

Appendix-1 System Architecture

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Chapter-1: Introduction

1.1. Background

Understanding the background of this thesis will help to know about the definition of

Enterprise GIS adopted by organization to support their activities in whole business

process and the goal to be achieved.

1.1.1. Enterprise GIS

An enterprise GIS is a geographic information system that is integrated through an entire

organization so that a large number of users can manage, share, and use spatial data and

related information to address a variety of needs, including data creation, modification,

visualization, analysis, and dissemination [Wade, T. and Sommer, S., 2006]

Enterprise GIS refers to a Geographical Information System that integrates geographic

data across multiple departments and serves the whole organisation [ESRI, 2003]. The

basic idea of an enterprise GIS is to deal with departmental needs collectively instead of

individually.

Many GIS projects in the 1960s and 1970s had focus on individual projects where

individual users created and maintained data sets on their own desktop computers. Due to

extensive interaction and work-flow between departments, many organizations have in

recent years switched from independent, stand-alone GIS systems to more integrated

approaches that share resources and applications [Ionita, 2006].

Although Geographical Information System is often viewed as a technology project and an

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arena or the technically sophisticated computer professional, the development of a

successful enterprise GIS is dependent more on proper management participation and

supervision than on the technical solution. Therefore GIS implementation should be

regarded as continuous innovative process, combining technology, data, processes,

human resources and partnerships.

Enterprise GIS are still relatively new, and many companies just began making the leap,

when realize the benefits of implementing Enterprise GIS. Some of the potential benefits

that an enterprise GIS can provide include significantly reduced redundancy of data

across the system, improved accuracy and integrity of geographic information, and more

efficient use and sharing of data [Sipes, 2005].

Since data is one of the most significant investments in any GIS program, any approach

that reduces acquisition costs while maintaining data quality is important. The

implementation of an Enterprise GIS may also reduce the overall GIS maintenance and

support costs providing a more effective use of departmental GIS resources. Data can be

integrated and used in decision making processes across the whole organisation [Sipes,

2005].

1.1.2. GIS in Petroleum Industry

Petroleum Industry

Petroleum is a generic name for hydrocarbons, including crude oil, and natural gas [OGP

Glossary, 2011]. Crude oil is a liquid that comes from reservoirs below the earth's surface,

formed from animal and vegetable material which collected at the bottom of ancient seas.

It is called crude oil because it must be processed into useable products like

gasoline. Natural gas is a gas or vapour that is also stored in reservoirs below the ground.

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Petroleum is also the raw material used to manufacture fertilizers, fabrics, synthetic rubber

and the plastics. [PetroStrategies, Inc., 2011].

Petroleum Industry is considered to be the back bone of an economy because this is the

main source of energy until today. Before using this energy source, the petroleum is

required to be refined for extracting various fractions for energy generation namely, petrol,

natural gas, kerosene, asphalt and many more [Economy Watch, 2011]. The petroleum

industry includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting

(often by oil tankers and pipelines) and marketing petroleum products. The industry is

divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream and downstream.

Upstream definition from OGP - International Association of Oil & Gas Producers is the

exploration, development and production portion of the oil and gas industry [OGP

Glossary, 2011]. The upstream sector includes the searching for potential underground or

underwater crude oil and natural gas fields, drilling of exploratory wells, and subsequently

operating the wells that recover and bring the crude oil and/or natural gas to the surface.

The upstream sector is also known as the exploration and production (E&P) sector.

While downstream definition indicates the refining and marketing sectors of the industry

[OGP Glossary, 2011]. The downstream sector includes crude oil refineries,

petrochemical plants, selling and distribution of natural gas and petroleum product derived

from crude oil. Such products include liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline or petrol, jet

fuel, diesel oil, other fuel oils, asphalt, lubricants, synthetic rubber, plastics, fertilizers,

antifreeze, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, natural gas and propane.

Midstream is a sector that sometimes used to refer to those industry activities that fall

between exploration and production (upstream) and refining and marketing (downstream).

The term is most often applied to pipeline transportation of crude oil and natural gas.

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Business Process of Upstream Sector

First of all, the business process of Upstream Sector in Petroleum Industry should be

clearly understood to gain the benefits of implementation Geographic Information System.

It started from Upstream Oil & Gas Agreement, an Acquires Right from government that

own the mineral rights, and ended with Marketing and Trading the crude oil and gas

produced by company [IHRDC, 2011]. All stage of this business process has to be

followed. One stage can not be skipped and ignored. Every stage is depending on other

stage.

Acquire Right. Firstly, before doing the exploration and exploitation of natural resources of

oil and gas, companies must earn the right to conduct mining activities in area of his

interest, called Lease Area which is owned by government. A partnership shall be

established between companies and government. Company must obtain a permit to

manage the lease area by winning a tender conducted by the government. The awarded

company shall bind cooperate with the government through revenue sharing system, or

commonly called as Production Sharing Contract. An agreement between the company

and government within a certain time regarding the percentage of production each party

will receive after the participating parties have recovered a specified amount of costs and

expenses.

Exploration. There are some activities undertaken in the exploration i.e. seismic1 and

exploration well. When the prospect of resources have been identified and evaluated

using seismic analysis and passed the selection criteria of oil companies, exploration

wells drilled in an effort to convince determine whether there is any oil or gas. Oil

exploration is an expensive, high-risk operation.

1 Seismic is a study of seismic waves that move through and headed into the earth to determine

the geological structure of sub-surface stratigraphy

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Appraisal. The assessment must be conducted to see how far the exploitation would have

significant economic value-added. The analysis should be conducted to see the

comparison between the costs to be incurred by the products that will be achieved. Other

additional aspect to be considered is namely geohazard analysis. The purpose is to see

the dangers around the drilling location; the size of hydrocarbon reservoirs and

environmental; and to assess characteristics (such as flow rate) of a proven hydrocarbon

accumulation.

Development. Well is created by drilling a hole into the earth with a drilling rig. After the

hole is drilled, sections of steel pipe (casing), are placed in the hole. The casing provides

structural integrity to the newly drilled well bore, in addition to isolating potentially

dangerous high pressure zones from each other and from the surface. Drilling and casing

will be completed with the small holes called perforations in the portion of the casing

which passed through the production zone, to provide a path for the oil to flow from the

surrounding rock into the production tubing. Finally, the area above the reservoir section

of the well is packed off inside the casing, and connected to the surface via a smaller

diameter pipe called tubing.

In addition to preparing well, surface facilities should be prepared also. Platform is built as

working area and as place of other instrument to control the flow of oil and gas.

Distribution network pipeline then will be installed to connect the well to the gathering

station and to process area. The size and type of the installation will depend on the nature

of reservoir; the volume and nature of produced fluids. Transfer metering systems are

installed at the storage facility to measure the quality and quantity of oil and gas received.

Production. The production stage is the most important stage of a well's life, when the oil

and gas are produced. By this stage, the rigs used to drill and complete the well have

moved off the well bore, and the top is outfitted with a collection of valves called a

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Christmas tree. These valves regulate pressures, control flows, and allow access to the

well bore in case further completion work is needed. As long as the pressure in the

reservoir remains high enough, the production tree is all that is required to produce the

well. Since the production operation is a long-term development, the permanent facilities

are built with subject to detail planning, design and engineering and construction.

Transportation. Once the hydrocarbon reaches the surface, it is routed to central

production facility which gathers and separates the produced fluids (oil, gas and water).

These oil and gas has to be transported by using pipelines from the production site to the

storage facilities which may be located in another area. Pipelines are generally the most

economical way to transport large quantities of oil, refined oil products or natural gas over

land. Oil pipelines are made from steel or plastic tubes with inner diameter typically from 4

to 48 inches. Most pipelines are buried at a typical depth of about 2 m.

Refinery. It is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into

more useful petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and asphalt base, heating

oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas [Gary, J.H.]. There is usually an oil depot (tank

farm) at or near an oil refinery for storage of bulk liquid products. The basic component of

a refinery is the primary distillation process where the crude oil is distilled into a number of

fractions, from the lightest petroleum gases, to light and heavy naphtha, to the heaviest

fractions up to asphalts and residues. [General Electric Company 2010]

Market. At the end of production, the oil and gas must be sold to bring in revenue for the

company. Various attempts were made, ranging from the search market and buyer

negotiate and send the products to the destination. Especially for gas, the production

target depends on how much a signed purchase contract and the volume of gas that must

be met. Gas purchase contracts should be done several years earlier to be able to make a

forecast of gas production that must be met by the company, ranging from looking for a

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new reservoir, increasing the number of production wells, up-to searching a new

technology to increase the production wells.

Geospatial Data in Upstream Sector

The maps and database are needed at each stage of Business process in upstream

sector. On Acquire Right stage, maps and coordinates of lease area are given by the

government to limit the working area of the company. In a Production Sharing Contract

agreement, the lease area is changing all the time period specified in accordance with

government regulations, which the company must return 10% of its area to the

government every 4 years.

In exploration, the map is used as a basis for planning to conduct seismic activity and

determine the location of drilling exploration wells. Without accurate maps, seismic

surveys are conducted can be deviated from the desired path which may lead to incorrect

analysis results, thus determining the location of exploration wells will that give incorrect

results. As a result, costs have been incurred by the company which of course not cheap

would be wasted.

In Appraisal stage, the more accurate surface map is required for detail seismic plan, and

impact assessment on surrounding environmental. For sub-surface map, detail study is

required in order to produce the geohazard assessment in three dimensional views from

seismic data, reservoir data, and drilling well log.

After the study and design approved by Geosciences engineer on the previous stage, the

map are still required to support activities and daily operation on Development,

Production, Transportation and Refinery stage. They all require a topography and

hydrographical map as base map for maintenance and monitor crews, supervise and

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monitor the moving of drilling rig, construction barges for laying pipeline, install production

facilities i.e. platform, piles, transport pipeline and process refinery.

At the end of the business process stage, the maps are still required either directly or

indirectly. Marketing people and also corporate communication people use it as

communication tool to the buyer and government as the regulator.

1.1.3. Introduction to Total E & P Indonesie Company

Total E & P Indonesie is upstream affiliate of Total Group, one of the leading Oil and Gas

Companies in the world. Total Group is the fifth largest publicly-traded integrated

international oil and Gas Company, based on market capitalization as of December 31,

2009 and a world-class chemicals manufacturer Total operates in more than 130

countries and has 96, 387 employees. Total engages in all aspects of the petroleum

industry, including upstream operations (oil and gas exploration, development and

production, LNG) and downstream operations (refining, marketing and the trading and

shipping of crude oil and petroleum products). Total is also a major actor in chemicals

(base and specialty chemicals). The company has its head office in the Tour Total Paris,

France [Total Group, 2010].

Total E & P Indonesie established in Jakarta, in year 1968, with one initial field in

Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan. In 2010, Total E & P Indonesie operates six fields in

East Kalimantan Province, covering over than 6,000 km2, helped strengthen the position

of Total E & P Indonesie as largest LNG producer in Indonesia, reaching 2600 MMSCFD

of natural gas (or 505 MBOEPD) with production of 572 MBOEPD hydrocarbon overall in

2007. Total E & P Indonesie is one of the largest Production Sharing Contractor for the Oil

and Gas in Indonesia. This French company is also listed as Indonesia's biggest gas

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producer and supplies about 60% of the Bontang LNG plant operated by the Indonesian

company PT. Badak [TOTAL Indonesia, 2010].

The goal of exploration and production is to lift-up oil and gas from inside the earth and to

transport them to be processed in refinery. There are many activities has to be done to

make this goal successful.

Company own set of databases which store information of about 1,600 wells, 1,962 km

length of pipelines, movement of 300 fleet (rig, barges, vessel, any boats) and weather

condition data from 6 locations and any other data covering 628,150 Ha area such as

environmental, societal, economical, public facilities and other type of documents/reports.

Also, there are many applications running on daily basis in TOTAL E&P INDONESIE with

deal and correlate to geographic coordinates or maps. These applications owned,

managed and used by different entities in TOTAL E&P INDONESIE and handling a very

large amount of data in various specific databases.

The needs of data sharing among department increasing to support activities on cross

functionality.

1.1.4. The Benefits of Enterprise GIS

The basic idea to implement an enterprise GIS is to address the needs of departments

collectively instead of individually. The development of one comprehensive infrastructure

minimizes potential conflicts and misunderstandings and can result in significant cost

savings and performance improvements.

18

The real benefit of Enterprise GIS is on data and application sharing among department.

It significantly reduced redundancy of data across the system, improved accuracy and

integrity of geographic information, and more efficient use and sharing of data to visualize

and analyzed comprehensively for planning, operation and decision support.

Figure 1.1 Integrated GIS

Source: [Ritung, N., 2010]

One of the case that need enterprise GIS can be clearly explain as following story.

In the case of emergency or downgraded situation, imagine a case when oil spill is

identified from a pipeline near shore adjacent to village and shrimp ponds farm area,

where many activities such as drilling rig, construction barge, well service barge, and

seismic fleet are working in the surroundings. In such a critical situation many

departments should be involved to provide necessary information for decision making:

Pipeline Department to well inform specified pipeline that causes the oil spill for

further action from field operation/production department.

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Drilling, Construction, Well Services Department and seismic team to update the

latest status of their operation and then work together with Marine Department to

prepare the safe location for stand by location of rig, construction, dredging, well

service barge, seismic vessel and others marine fleet.

Marine Department to provide tracking position of all vessels being occupied in

real-time.

Survey Department to provide updated and reliable map showing location, detail

topography, land cover, marine hazard and weather condition.

Safety and Environmental Department to run simulation of oil spill to locate

possibility of impacted area.

Communication Department to provide socio-economical data such as

demography, settlement, detail shrimp ponds or fish trap data, social structure,

public and health facilities of surrounding area.

Lack of “single-window” application, in which all required information is integrated, results

in inefficiency and huge effort for any entities to provide and to compile all those

information required comprehensively in order to support a decision making and to create

an emergency response strategy. To cope with this problem, Enterprise GIS with

integration shall be implemented to provide a “one single window” as one stop service tool

to give all kind of information required instantly and in a comprehensive view.

To answer all the needs and follow the pace of information technology, the company

should switched from independent, stand-alone GIS systems, and apply more integrated

approaches that share resources and applications, that is the Enterprise GIS system.

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1.2. Objectives

The major purpose of this thesis is to provide a plan for establishing Enterprise GIS for

Total E&P Indonesie Company. The thesis has following specific objectives:

1. To identify the enterprise level GIS needs of Total E&P Indonesie Company.

2. To evaluate the extent of existing level of Enterprise level GIS in the company.

3. To develop a priority based schema for further development of enterprise GIS in

the company.

1.3. Area of Focus

The study area of this thesis is operation area of Total E & P Indonesie, located in the

Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan. The area is approximately 5,600 km square, stretches

along 90 km north-south direction with a width about 60 km (please see Map.1.1 on the

next page).

While comparing to the land area of Jakarta - the capital of the Republic of Indonesia is

only 661.52 km [Bappeda Jakarta 2010], the operation area of Total E&P Indonesie is

eight times larger.

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Map 1.1 Operation Area of Total E&P Indonesie in East Kalimantan Province

This first chapter explained the benefits of Enterprise GIS in number of users across

multiple departments, wide use of spatial data with integration and sharing, to reduce

acquisition cost and increase use of information in decision making process across the

whole organisation. Implementation of Enterprise GIS in petroleum industry has to

consider the business process inside the industry. In upstream sector, the business

process starting from legal agreement with government who own the resources and will

be ended-up on marketing the crude oil and natural gas to buyer. To make a successful

implementation of Enterprise GIS in upstream sector especially in Total E&P Indonesie,

the specific methodology should be prepared and applied. The next chapter will explain

more about methodology that applied in this thesis.

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Chapter-2: Methodology

2.1. Introduction

In broad outline, the business process of upstream activities (exploration, development

and production) has been explained. However, the implementation in several respective

Oil and Gas Company may differ in terms of organization structure and flow of data

between departments. Thus the need for spatial data will be different for each department.

Overall Company has 19 divisions, 93 department with more than 200 service unit. For

confidential reason, not all departments are mentioned. Only departments that has

relation with spatial data usage for planning, operation support, even for maintenance and

safety works. Following is simplified organization structure in Total E&P Indonesie, up-to

department level.

Figure 2.1 Simplified Organisation Structure Total E&P Indonesie

Source: Simplified HOC, 4 April 2011, Total E&P Indonesie

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Business Process of Total E&P Indonesie Company can be visualized as picture below.

Figure 2.2 Business Process of Upstream Sector


Regarding to the seven divisions mentioned in Figure 1.1 and Business Process shown in

Figure 1.2, Identification between division and business process should be performed. In

outline, relation between division and business process are following:

• Acquire Right is under Business Development Division.

• Exploration is under Geosciences and Reservoir Division.

• Appraisal is under Geosciences and Reservoir Division.

• Development is under Drilling, Well Service & Logistics Division, and Facilities

Engineering Division.

• Production, Transportation and Refinery Process is under Field Operation Division

• Market is under Commercial Division.

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Therefore, detail study about job function and workflow between Departments is

important, to recognize the GIS System Architecture of Company, and to collects the

needs of each Department to support their daily works.

The good methodology is created to explore the needs of company to implement an

Enterprise GIS are:

• Identification through Needs Assessment Framework.

• Evaluate the Grand Design and overall Application Development.

2.2. Identification

Knowing what company want to get out of GIS is the key to a successful implementation.

What company wants comes in the form of information products: maps, lists, charts,

reports, comprehensive data for decision making in operation planning, daily operation

activity and emergency case situation. Several tasks performed to get information

products from users.

2.2.1. Needs Assessment Framework

A framework must be followed to ensure a successful need assessment of Company’s

need for GIS. The framework group the organization’s business requirements into four

distinct items. It will help to organize and analyze these business requirements in GIS

implementation. The four items are as follows:

• Organization & Job Function/Responsibility;

• Function/Application Needs for Each Department;

• Spatial & Non-Spatial Data Requirement; and

• Information Technology Support.

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2.2.2. User Interview

Interview and discussion with users shall be conducted in order to get information and to

understand their business process and to know what they real needs of GIS

implementation. A series of interviews and discussion should be performed consistently

with participants from different departments. Interview will help users to know the

functions and usage of GIS application and to gather additional information about

workflows, data flows, etc. The key of success in this step is to get participants to think

about their overall information needs, freely and creatively as well as realistically

[Tomlinson 2007, pg.25]

2.2.3. Job Function and Work Flow

During needs assessment process, information shall be gathered through meetings with

members of the departments. Information to be gathered regarding the job functions and

workflow process of each department, and interaction between departments in sending

and receiving spatial data and information. A clear understanding of the job function and

workflow process of department and personnel is necessary to design and implement a

successful GIS.

In the business point of view, workflows are models of complex business process used to

gain more efficient operations within organization. More than one information product is

required in the oil and gas business workflows; therefore related and interdependent

information product should be created from one GIS application [Tomlinson 2007, pg.29]

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2.2.4. Grand Design

A Grand Design of the system shall exist in order to handle data and specific functionality.

There are two design process carried out at the same time, the conceptual design system

for data and the conceptual system design for technology. In conceiving of system design

for technology, the focus is on defining a set of hardware, software and networking that

will adequately support the demand for system functions in creating information products

as needed [Tomlinson 2003, pg. 109]

2.3. Evaluation Criteria

An evaluation criterion must be set to see how far the implementation of GIS is applied,

and not out of the grand design that has been made. Evaluation refers to the individual

components of GIS. Each component must be taken into account, because if one

component does not run as expected, it is probable that the progress of implementation of

GIS as a whole will be inhibited.

From the side view of the company, the evaluation component of GIS is translated into

several criteria or factor. These criteria can be grouped into 2 main group namely

technical criteria and non-technical criteria or human factors. What is the meaning of each

of these criteria? The following will describe the purpose of each of these criteria.

2.3.1. Technical Criteria

Technical criteria of evaluation are Technical Development, Technical Support and Data

Management.

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Technical Development

Technological development is the process of research and development of technology

[Websters, 2010]. It is not a product. It is a criterion to evaluate how far the system

implements the technology in GIS. As we know the technology as a component of GIS will

talk about hardware, software and networking.

Technical Support

Technical support is a range of services providing assistance with technology products. In

general, technical support services attempt to help the user solve specific problems with a

product - rather than providing training, customization, or other support services. This

criterion will evaluate how far the development team is managed to support the user. How

they are grouped, by external or internal resources, in which department responsibility,

etc.

Data Management

Data Management is a broad field of study, but essentially is the process of managing

data as a resource that is valuable to an organization or business [Tech Community

2010]. According to DAMA - Data Management International [DAMA 2010], the official

definition of Data Resource Management is the development and execution of

architectures, policies, practices and procedures that properly manage the full data

lifecycle needs of an enterprise.

This criterion will evaluate how data is managed, starting from data source, storage,

action performed to increase good quality of data and to integration the spatial data to

other database system.

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2.3.2. Human Factor

The Non-Technical Criteria also can be mentioned as Human factor includes Dedicated

Training, Usage (Utilization Way) and Perception (Global Understanding).

Dedicated Training

It is a learning process that involves the acquisition of knowledge, sharpening of skills,

concepts and rules, changing of attitudes and behaviours to enhance employee’s

performance.

Dedicated training is included as one factor for evaluation. This is intended to see the

extent to which management training implemented. Is there any training level for users,

ranging from basic to advanced level? Is the implementation of training programs are

temporary or periodically? Those are the kind of questions to be answered

Usage (Utilization Way)

The Utilization Way criterion will evaluate what function of GIS has been implemented.

This can vary from just visualization, even to the query data, and geoprocessing. The way

to process received data, inputting into geodatabase, perform query and analysis to

provided comprehensive information for decision making.

Perception (Global Understanding)

Humans play an important role in determining whether something is important or not. Any

decision will depend on the perception of the holder of the decision. Therefore, the

perception is one important factor to be evaluated in the implementation of GIS. This is

intended to find out exactly how far perceptions of the usefulness of GIS as a tool for

providing information and making good decisions for the end user and management level.

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Why in the evaluation criteria, the human factor becomes very important and is grouped

separately? This is because the company considers that the personnel are a highly

valuable company asset. Advanced level of a company depends on the capability of each

individual employee. Any sophisticated technology, but without the support of reliable

human factors, then it can lead to the failure of the system that will be built.

2.3.3. Level of Maturity

Why need a GIS Maturity Model? GIS maturity of an organization describes levels of both

the technology and human competence as well as the understanding of benefits and will

to utilize spatial information technology to reach organization’s business objectives.

Term enterprise GIS reflects largely the ideas of GIS maturity. The Enterprise GIS is not

only to refer to an enterprise software license, to a centralized repository, a common

mapping website, and other tangible items. But an Enterprise GIS provides also a

comprehensive suite of capabilities, integrated into organizational workflows, that supports

and helps attain enterprise priorities. [Even Keel Strategies, 2010]

Changes in technology bring a fundamental change in the world of GIS. When an

organization can recognize the strategic value in the use of GIS, the need for data

handling will increase. GIS Team will develop from a small group of GIS practitioners to

be a part of a much more visible.

The GIS Maturity Level defines the characteristics of the various stages travelled on the

way to a true Enterprise GIS operation. It both supports benchmarking of current

organizations and the development of roadmaps to progress to the next level.

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Each level below describes typical stages in the development of an Enterprise GIS. This

level is often necessary to build the understanding and support needed to sustain the

highest level.

Table 2.1 GIS Maturity Matrix

Technical Development

Technical Support

Data Management Training Usage Perception

Level 5 Enterprise GIS

Embedded through full E&P lifecycle

Support in IT and IM

Integrated with Data Management systems

Defined development programs

All usages Extended GIS portfolio

Level 4 GIS Leverage

GIS embedded in E&P workflow

Support in assets

GIS managed centrally expanded data quality

Defining from basic to advanced

More advanced geoprocessing

E&P GIS strategy

Level 3 GIS Essential

E&P standardized tools

Support in Geosciences

Data sources well known. Procedures

Formal GIS training

Visualization, Querying Data creation

GIS recognized as an important technology

Level 2 GIS Recognized

Increasing with specific team

Support by non-specialist

Increasing sources of GIS data

User driven on GIS training

Visualization + Query

Awareness that elsewhere GIS is seen as important

Level 1 Pre-GIS

Isolated, Disconnected

No GIS support internally

No Data Management

Few users trained

Isolated basic visualization

Not understood as important

Source: [COMITE SIP, 2008], pg.9.

Level 1 – pre-GIS

This is the introduction level of GIS in organization. Organization has no experience with

GIS, or very limited experience through a small number of enthusiasts. Technical

development is isolated which means individuals with interest obtain tools and use the

technology on an ad-hoc basis to support their own deliverables. GIS technology tends to

be individually licensed at the desktop level with no internally support and used only for

basic visualization. There is no data management; no common storage folder and data

might be duplicated. Because of the specific desktop software, only a few users get

training to use this software.

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Level 2 – GIS admitted / GIS evidence / GIS recognized

At Level 2, only specific departments recognize the

value of building GIS capability for department use, but

not as important tool. The team may increase due to

the increasing need of data, but still have no data

management. Redundant efforts might happen to

create the same data, duplication of data storage. The

spirit to use GIS is driven from GIS training to help their

daily work for visualization and data query, although without support from GIS specialist.

Level 3 – GIS inevitable / GIS on track / GIS Essential

At this level 3, GIS is more recognized as important technology by many departments and

also at management level. Geosciences division as core business in the Exploration &

Production is responsible for supporting the development of GIS. The company makes

standard tool that must be followed by the department: use the same software, both

desktop and server and use the same data format. Maintenance software will be easier as

well as data exchange between departments.

The advantages of same data format are that data can be structured; the data will be

more easily arranged. But departments still maintain GIS data that is only of interest to the

department. There is little focus on reusability or sharing. Quality of data across

departments is inconsistent.

Procedure of data input, process and output began to take place. Procedure is made so

no longer depending on one personnel, but began to involve a system. GIS training for

users is formalized in exploring more GIS functions such as data visualization and query

creation.

Source: [Molly Margan, 2008]

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Level 4 – Expansion GIS / GIS Leverage

At level 4, GIS is recognized as a strategic tool to both improve efficiency and decision

making. Company establishes a strategy to utilize all the functions of GIS to bring benefit

in E&P workflow, not only in certain department. The GIS organization starts to develop a

strategic plan for the technical development and sustainability of its operations.

Geoprocessing tools are used in analysis beside visualization and query data creation.

Establishment of one-stop portals for finding GIS data, information, tools, and maps allows

users to take better advantage of GIS.

During this stage, the GIS organization is establishing its identity and workflows. The

value of centralizing redundant spatial data is as a trigger for this change. The need for

standards, data quality, and better communications

become apparent. The centralized GIS begin to set

standards that improve spatial data quality and internal

GIS workflows. The most tangible sign of centralization

is the establishment of a central repository for GIS

data. Core tasks related to GIS editing and data

management benefit from eliminating duplicative efforts

and multiple copies of standard data.

Server based licensing and more complex database software becomes necessary. GIS

applications are developed to provide a central GIS website. The higher the development

and centralized spatial data, the more skilled people are needed to work with this system.

Training program is consolidated with more advanced training for advance user.

No Integration applied in this level. Outside the IT department, GIS staff can not develop

system integrations.

Source: [Molly Margan, 2008]

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Level 5 – Enterprise

At level 5, the GIS Strategic Plan is aligned with the overall Enterprise Strategic Plan. GIS

Steering Committees are established to obtain input and direction from operational

leaders. GIS is recognized as a critical technology, as basic as the financial. GIS is

considered a critical toolset for executive planning and decision making. GIS integration

becomes more seamless with enterprise and mission-critical systems.

GIS applications are used throughout the enterprise for planning, operation and decision

support by management and operational staff. GIS features are available to all levels of

users and skill sets. GIS becomes on-demand and more simpler for end users, focus on

mobile applications which is available to operations in the field. GIS features are directly

integrated with enterprise applications through a variety of strategies that may include

database integration, web services, open source tools and integration packages.

GIS technical development is embedded through full E&P lifecycle and more fully

integrated with the overall technology architecture of the organization. GIS data attributes

become more embedded and integrated into spatial databases. Integration between

enterprise applications and GIS functions gains greater visibility and demands more

advanced data models and technology. Enterprise GIS functions are server based and

maintained centrally.

GIS technical development is more tightly aligned within

the Information Technology department. As a critical

technology, the development functions of GIS become

absorbed by the Information Technology department, as

the data maintenance has already been absorbed into

the workflows of departments that source the data. GIS Source: [Molly Margan, 2008]

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technology skills have grown throughout the Information Technology organization and are

less dependent on a small group of specialists.

Obtaining Maturity Level

In a review of the identities of existing GIS in company, five levels of maturity and six

criteria are summarized and are grouped in technology factor and human factor.

Evaluation shall be performed on all of these factors to see the level of development at the

company toward the stage Enterprise GIS.

Without having a suitable GIS strategy and evaluation in place, it is likely that

implementation of system will not truly meets company’s goals, and it is also difficult to

build on past GIS projects successfully.

The methodology to identify and to evaluate the development of GIS in company is

specific due to involving spatial data to be shared among other different departments in

whole organisation with its specific needs for planning, operation, maintenance and

safety. The result of identification of user’s needs and comparison between GIS

development toward maturity of GIS based on six evaluation criteria to be explained in the

next chapter.

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Chapter-3: Processes and Results

3.1. Initial Assessment

The key factors of successful multi-user Geographic Information System implementation

is to know exactly what company wants, the needs, how the data is stored in the

database, the client and server hardware configurations, the applications and procedure

to access information and analysis, a developer team and management support.

GIS in Company have been developed since 2006. The Need Assessment was performed

to get ideas on how GIS is implementing in Company. A framework (see Section 2.2.1)

had been followed to ensure a successful need assessment of Company’s need for GIS.

The discussion was done continuously with Survey Department, the initiator of GIS

development and also the owner of Spatial Data. Study and discussion was done to

assist all potential users related to Land Asset Issue, Environment Issue, Community

Development Department with Social-Economic Issue, Facilities Engineering Issue,

Production Issue, etc.

Methods of interacting with GIS

Generally, there are two distinct methods of interaction with GIS that is direct or indirect

interaction. In the first case, a GIS user works directly with the application, the developed

application based upon user’s input and feedback. In indirect interaction case, the

information product is addressed by the user who requires support from GIS team (GIS

Analyst and/or GIS Technician). Then, the GIS team will make the product as user’s

request. By indirect interaction approached, all work will be borne by the GIS analyst and

technician.

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User interaction with GIS in company should use direct interaction. If company chooses to

apply indirect interaction, can be imagined how much work load to be done by technicians

to service requests from various departments. Using direct interaction means developed

application is designed for each user/service based on their job function and

responsibility. The GIS application must be built in term easy-to-use application, will assist

the user to fill their needs based on input and output needs.

Job Function and Work Flow Process

During the needs assessment, useful information was gathered through meetings and

feedback was receipt from members of the departments. Information was gathered

regarding the job functions and workflow process of each department, interaction between

departments in sending and receiving spatial data and information.

The following section below will describe more detail about the needs and requirement of

each framework items.

3.1.1. Ideas

Spatial information is a key in petroleum lifecycle, from the initial analysis, exploration,

appraisal, development, production, transportation and the abandonment phase. It is

generally estimated that over 80% of the data used in the E&P upstream business has a

spatial component, implying that it can be accessed through a map.

Because of the petroleum industry nature, large amounts of data have to be managed in

order to handle the complexity of the process of discovering new resources and managing

producing assets. Therefore, the E&P upstream business requires the analysis of many

different types of spatial data which is achieved using a GIS. Some of the advantages

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should be gained by incorporating GIS into Company’s business processes to address

these issues include but not limited to:

• Better management, data sharing and security of current and historical spatial data

sets and the authentic documents;

• Effective management of land asset issues;

• Calculate cost estimation of proposed land acquisition project

• Performing spatial overlays and analysis;

• Analyzing & monitoring sensitive zone and natural resources patterns;

• Analyzing land coverage & changes during time;

• Generate modelling & simulation of oil spill for response strategy;

• Perform visualization of distribution of Community Development project in surrounding

operation area.

• Manage Pipeline asset and operation in company area;

• Study for optimum location of well surface definition;

• Create distribution of density well target in reservoir area;

• And many more.

An information product is not only map, it also a table which is stored in spreadsheets, or

a report with a title and appropriate column heading.

The basis of the development of GIS in the enterprise is that nearly all oil and gas

business processes involve both a physical map and digital. Without a business unit that

handles the supply and provides the needs of maps and information, then each

department will strive to meet their own needs. They will do all the best to conduct field

surveys to obtain spatial data in accordance with their needs, such as the environment will

conduct surveys and monitor of sample points measuring water quality, soil and air.

Pipeline department will conduct a survey to get the layout of pipeline that will be used to

design new routes and connections between pipes. Marine department will equip their

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fleet to monitor the movement of vessel in their working area. Department of

Communication and Societal might conduct a survey to know the population distribution

around the working area that can impact the company’s operation in one side and to know

the impact of company's operations on the surrounding environment in other side.

With these conditions, there will be very diverse methods, ranging from the process of

data acquisition, quality control, data storage, analysis and so forth. In addition to

inefficient, the accumulation cost incurred by each department will be very large. Data

duplication occurs kept by each department without being able to make sharing of data.

The main issue is to look for a way out where the data - which obtained with not small cost

- can be best utilized between the department in need. A built system shall integrate all

these data and can be accessed by the entire department. Enterprise GIS is a hope to

answer all of this challenge.

Establishing Enterprise GIS is not easy, there are various factors play as important role.

By knowing these factors and identify the components involved GIS: Data, Technology,

People and Procedure, then the realization of Enterprise GIS is impossible not be

achieved.

3.1.2. Data

The holistic model of a functional Geographic Information System is to turns data, through

analysis, into useful information. Therefore data is the most important part in GIS. Their

acquisition is normally the greatest cost-consuming [Forsythe & Swales, 2006 pg.2].

In GIS there are two types of data that is spatial data and attribute data. Spatial data is a

39

term with special meaning in GIS. Spatial data is raw data distinguished by the presence

of a geographic link, a known place on the earth. Spatial data can be represented using a

combination of points, lines and polygons. Linked to the geographic features is non-spatial

information called attributes data which is usually stored in table format.

An identification of Company’s spatial and attribute data was completed during the needs

assessment. The identification and data collection result indicates that all spatial data is

provided by Survey Department. All departments that need spatial data whether in digital

format or hardcopy paper must request to Survey Department. Other Department collects

the attribute data related to spatial data as required according to their work functions.

These spatial and attribute data are stored in a variety of proprietary formats based on the

business applications.

The need assessment identifies, inventories and mapped document format (hardcopy or

digital) of all the data needed for GIS within Company. This full data analysis compile

information relating to the key characteristics of Company’s datasets, such as: the data is

used in or shared with, spatial data format, related data, attributes, etc.

In addition, Company’s spatial data has a variety of scales and update frequencies.

However, the business applications used in Survey Department is Autodesk’s AutoCAD

and ESRI’s ArcGIS, either supports conversion between formats or direct use of other

proprietary formats.

More than one commercial remote sensing satellite imageries have been purchased to

supply the data needed. With the integration of remote sensing data, if any analysis or

processing requires the data, the further discuss will take a place to find a solution either

in processing method and software needs. Information collected at this point will also

become a part of the metadata of GIS.

40

Although the study and data design will produce metadata from received descriptive

information; the data custodian, i.e., the person who has created the dataset or who is

most familiar with the dataset, usually creates it.

Spatial Data

Company has 2 (two) types of existing data source, vector data and raster data. The

vector data source is originally comes in 2 (two) spatial data format that is shapefiles, and

AutoCAD files. The existing raster data are Satellite Imageries in GeoTIFF format which

already contain spatial references information. These Satellite Imageries was taken from

SPOT Satellite which cover the Mahakam Delta area, about 5,000 Kilometer squares.

There are also several SPOT Imageries for certain year period in GeoTIFF format.

Attribute Data

The existing attribute data is reside in flat-file format that have not been stored in

Database Management System. The format of existing attributes data are Microsoft Excel

(.xls), Microsoft Document (.doc), Pictures or Images (.jpg, .bmp, etc.) and also in

hardcopy paper. Some of the paper document was scanned and stored in database but

some document was leaves as authentic document in its original paper format.

All of these data both spatial and attribute data can be categorized into several dataset for

easy data management. In general, the data can be divided into 2 parts: Reference data

and thematic data.

Reference Data

Topographic data provide basic framework for building or referencing any other thematic

data. Serve as the geographic information which is used as a reference base that allows

combine data and integrate any kind of applications.

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The identified issues to be considered as reference data are coastline, administrative

boundaries: province, district/county and sub-district, transport networks which is

classified from major road up-to unpaved road, land-use, coal mine concession and

protected sites, cities and public facilities, and ortho-imagery.

Hydrographical data is also taken into consideration as reference data, because the

company's working area is a mix between on-shore and off-shore. The required reference

data are rivers and lakes, bathymetric charts, anchorage areas, restricted areas, marine

navigation aid, etc

Thematic Data

Thematic data is required for specific applications that exploit the geographic information

with a specific purpose. Thematic data could be qualitative and quantitative values that

correspond to attributes associated to references data such as land use, public facilities,

demography, etc.

The thematic data, especially in oil and gas industry must be included but not limited to

Wells, Seismic lines 2D, Seismic 3D area, Exploratory lease area, Production lease area,

Pipelines, Power lines, Fields, Reservoirs, Surface facilities, etc

3.1.3. Technology

This section provides a description of the existing information technology infrastructure,

followed by a need assessment of the infrastructure with regard to on-going GIS

Implementation and future GIS requirements.

In year 2006, company had an organizational license for ESRI’s ArcGIS Desktop. In

42

Balikpapan Office, there were 3 (three) desktop single-use licenses of ArcView 9.1, 6 (six)

concurrent-use licenses of ArcView 9.0, and 1 (one) desktop single-use license of ArcInfo

9.1. Table 3.1 and Table 3.2 provide a summary the ESRI ArcGIS licenses installed at

company’s offices in Balikpapan in year 2006.

Table 3.1 ESRI ArcGIS licenses in 2006

Product Description

ArcGIS A desktop GIS product produced by ESRI Inc. (Environmental Systems Research Institute). ArcGIS is full-featured GIS software for visualizing, managing, creating and analyzing spatial data. The software can be used out of the box but can also be customized using industry-standard programming languages.

Software Licenses

ArcInfo 9.1 1 single-use ArcView 9.0 3 single-use + 6 Concurrent-use

Source: [Ritung, N., 2007], pg.12

Table 3.2 ESRI ArcGIS licenses by Department in 2006

Department Software Licenses

Construction ArcInfo 9.1 ArcView 9.0

1 single-use 1 single-use & 4 Concurrent-use

Land Affairs ArcView 9.0 1 single-use Environment ArcView 9.0 1 Concurrent-use Inspection ArcView 9.0 1 single-use & 2 Concurrent-use


There is a network that connects the all departments together, which needs further

investigation and consideration in system design. The Information Technology

infrastructure can support a GIS implementation; however, it is likely that a dedicated

spatial data server as centralize spatial data server is required to support all departments

and a non-spatial database will be required for each department.

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Figure 3.1 GIS Architecture in 2006


Currently, various system configurations are exist and GIS is scalable to meet most

architecture. Information Technology is a low-risk issue with regard to GIS implementation

– a system can be configured from network infrastructure, hardware and software to meet

Company’s requirements.

GIS will be expanded to support web application and accessible through company

intranet. Due to its huge coverage area where data centre and server is located in Main

Office in Balikpapan City, while the remote users in sites which are located around 90 up

to 150 km far away from Balikpapan main office, Information Technology Department

should investigate the response time once the centralized spatial database implemented

is ready.

3.1.4. People

Based on experience developing enterprise GIS in various sectors, people is the key

factor of successful GIS implementation. Many failures of GIS implementation in

companies due to the lack of capable people to manage and maintain systems that have

44

been built, either stand-alone systems or enterprise GIS. There must be a dedicated

person to maintain and upgrade hardware and software, updating the data and create

new functions to meet the needs of users.

Figure 3.2 User Categories

Source: [Parisot T., Coquelet D., 2010]

Figure 3.2 shows some types of GIS users. Distribution of users can be more clearly seen

in the form of a pyramid. The greatest part at the bottom of pyramid describes the end

users. They typically use GIS as a visualization tool and retrieve data from the database.

At higher levels there is key-user or a champion. They are a focal point from each

department who need more functionality than the usual end-users. Their need is not only

visualization but also growing in conducting spatial analysis and geoprocessing for

decision making. At the very top level, there is an expert level. They are acting as

developers and system builders. Their number is not many, but they hold very important

role in bringing GIS development towards the right path. The expert designs the system,

45

performs analysis, make the front-end application and integration into the enterprise GIS.

3.1.5. Method

GIS has functions as a tool that allows users to create interactive queries, searches,

analyze the spatial information, and edit data.

Generally, functions of GIS application are shown as table below.

Table 3.3 GIS Functions

Function Description

Display / Visualization To show & symbolized spatial data on monitor screen

Identification To show or edit attribute data of object selected on monitor screen

Locator To search & locate object(s) by input the attribute of the object(s))

Spatial Analysis To perform spatial analysis on existing spatial data, such as buffer, overlay, connectivity/path

Attribute Queries To perform attribute query on existing attribute database and locate it on the map if it has spatial object

Hyperlink To link a spatial object to document in native format

Plotting To layout and plot a map in various paper size

Reporting To layout and print a summary report


3.2. System Architecture Grand Design

Grand design of GIS in company will be explained in this section. System design is

conceived in data and technology. The data aspect is focused on database structure

either in spatial or attribute design and also on metadata. While the technology aspect is

focused on defining a set of hardware, software and networking that will adequately

support the demand for system functions.

46

Figure 3.3 Grand Design


3.2.1. Data Architecture

The successful of GIS implementation is started with a good data model design. The

company creates the database and its schema by creating new database and then import

the existing data. Data was grouped and designed into 2 (two) parts:

Spatial Database Design

The Spatial Database stores all the company’s spatial data in one single format – a

Geodatabase. This Spatial Database was created and maintenance by Survey

Department. Company Geodatabase format is refer to the ESRI’s Geodatabase format

47

The geodatabase is a collection of

geographic datasets of various types. The

geodatabase contains three primary dataset

types:

‐ Tables

‐ Feature class

‐ Raster dataset

Geodatabase storage includes the schema

and rule base for each geographic dataset plus tabular storage of the spatial and

attributes data. All these three primary datasets in the geodatabase are stored using

tables. The spatial representations in geographic datasets are stored as either vector

features or as raster. These geometries are stored and managed in attribute columns

along with traditional tabular attribute fields. [ESRI Help 2010].

The geodatabases is designed for enterprise level geodatabases which can be edited and

accessed by many users simultaneously. Therefore these datasets are managed in

Company’s Oracle® Database, a relational database management system.

GIS design involves organizing geographic information into a series of data themes. Data

are organized in a series of data themes or referred as thematic layers. A data theme is

design begins with deciding what the geographic representations will be for each dataset.

A collection of common geographic elements such as a road network, a collection of

parcel boundaries, an elevation surface, and satellite imagery for a certain date, well

locations and facilities installation structure, and so on. [ESRI Help 2009].

Detail of geodatabases model behaviour and advanced capabilities can be read on ESRI

resource website.

Figure 3.4 Dataset Type

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Attribute Database Design

Each Department has Attribute Database to store their activities data. These Attribute

Databases also a shared database - by permission of each department data owner - as

public data that might be useful for other department in company. Integration of Attribute

Database from other department will be part of Grand Design toward Enterprise GIS.

Metadata

Metadata describe the characteristics of data. Users can interpret what and how these

data represent, how to facilitate searches, selections and queries that interest them most

and can use and exploit it effectively. The information contained in the metadata describe

the acquisition date, content, covering the spread, spatial reference system, security and

legal constraints, update frequency, quality, etc.

The concept of metadata is "data about data and services" or even more general is

information about resources.

The structure and content of the metadata based on a standard accepted and widely used

ISO 19115 "Geographic information – Metadata”, which is from ISO 19100 family

developed by the Technical Committee.

3.2.2. Software Architecture

All of GIS software that mention in the grand design is refers to the Headquarters’

Company Rule [Husy S., 2005]. It is designed to utilize GIS software ranging from desktop

up to server type. This is a standard that have been decided by the Headquarters office to

be followed by all the affiliate of Total Group.

49

GIS Server

ArcGIS Server is recommended by Headquarter to be used as GIS server in company.

According to ESRI Website2, ArcGIS Server is a complete and integrated server-based

Geographic Information System. It comes with out-of-the-box end user services and

applications for geodatabase management, visualization (mapping), and spatial analysis.

ArcGIS Server technology extends geospatial capabilities throughout an organization

using browser based, desktop, and mobile clients.

ArcGIS Server is an Enterprise GIS server. It gives organizations the ability to centralize

GIS software on application servers and deliver GIS capabilities to large numbers of users

over networks. Enterprise GIS users connect to central GIS servers using traditional

desktop systems as well as Web browsers and mobile computing devices. ArcGIS Server

allows users - at the main office or regional offices, at home, or in the field - to access GIS

capabilities through a single shared system.

Using ArcGIS Application Server, company will have the following advantages:

• Centralize database connection to support many users.

• Centrally managed data, maps, and applications can be created once and reused.

• Allow admin to publish geographic data for extraction, checkout/check-in and

replication

ArcSDE Geodatabase Server is spatial data engine to store and manage spatial data and

its attribute in Relation Database Management System (RDBMS)3. Spatial data attribute

data are stored and managed in Database Server. ArcSDE Geodatabase Server has the

following functions:

2 http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgisserver/index.html

3 http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcsde/index.html

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• support multi-user access from different entity/department, and manage long

transaction through versions,

• continuous, scalable data, and support all GIS data type

• high performance for large data volumes,

For more detail of ArcGIS Server please see on ESRI website (www.esri.com)

GIS Desktop

Beside ArcGIS Server, GIS desktop software in the system architecture grand design is

ESRI’s ArcGIS Desktop. According to ESRI resource centre website4, ArcGIS Desktop is

the primary platform for GIS professionals to compile, use and manage geographic

information. It's the starting point and foundation for deploying GIS across your

organization and onto the Web.

ArcGIS Desktop is available at three functional product levels to address the needs of

many types of users: ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo. There are fundamental application

tools in ArcGIS Desktop to perform a number of key GIS tasks:

• Design and build geographic databases.

• Create and manage GIS workspaces and datasets.

• Perform editing and data compilation.

• Make maps and 3D visualizations.

• Perform geoprocessing.

Web Server

Company system architecture is running on Microsoft Windows platform Operating

system. Internet Information Services is the only one option for Web Server. Internet

4 http://resources.esri.com/arcgisdesktop/

51

Information Service is a web server application created by Microsoft for use with Microsoft

Windows for building and administering websites, a search engines, and support for

writing certain kinds of web-based applications.

Web Mapping Software

ESRI provide a software development environment on top of ArcGIS Server to build GIS

applications on the web. There area several ArcGIS Web Mapping APIs software

available to develop rich, interactive applications using JavaScript, Flex, or Silverlight.

Flex technology based on the free Adobe Flex framework was chosen. Using ArcGIS API

for Flex and Abode Flex Builder, GIS application should be created. According to ESRI

website5, ArcGIS API for Flex enables to build dynamic rich Internet applications on top of

ArcGIS Server. It creates interactive and expressive Web applications leveraging ArcGIS

Server resources, such as maps, locators, feature services and geoprocessing models.

Security Issue

The GIS implementation should adopt the Company’s IT Security design. User should use

Windows Native Authentication to run the application and connect to ArcGIS Server

(ArcSDE and RDBMS client). Windows native authentication offers many security

advantages over RDBMS user name and password authentication schemes deployed in

ArcSDE architecture. Standard Windows security controls also provide added advantages

of auditing, password aging, minimum password length, and account lockout after multiple

invalid login attempts.

5 http://help.arcgis.com/en/webapi/flex/help/index.html

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3.2.3. Hardware Architecture

There are 5 (five) specific types of hardware provided by Information Technology

Department. All these types have been configured based on consideration of the type of

people who use the software and the availability of hardware configuration on Information

Technology Department. Only expert personnel and key user personnel will use these

computers. The other end-user will have the common Personal Computer provided by

company. (Please see section 3.1.4 People).

The requirement stipulated below indicates minimum requirement:

1. Spatial Database Server ‐ Platform Sun

‐ Processor 4 core (2 socket) 3.0 GHz or higher

‐ RAM 16 GB recommended or higher

‐ Storage capacity at least 200 GB hard disk

‐ DVD-Rom, Network controlled card,

‐ Operating System: Sun Solaris 9 (SPARC) or higher

2. Application ArcGIS Server ‐ Intel Xeon 4 core (2 socket) 3.0 GHz (4MB L2) processor or higher


‐ Storage capacity at least 100 GB hard disk

‐ DVD-Rom, Network controlled card

‐ Operating System: Microsoft Windows 2003 Server SP1 Standard, Enterprise & Datacenter

3. Client Type 1 (Data Querying) ‐ Intel Core 2 Duo minimum 1.6 GHz


‐ Free Hard Disk 10 GB

‐ DVD-Rom, Network controlled card, LCD Monitor, Keyboard and Mouse, 24-bit capable graphics

accelerator, 64MB of video memory or higher

‐ Operating System: Microsoft Windows XP Professional Edition

4. Client Type 2 (Data Input, Data Process) ‐ Intel Core 2 Duo 3.0 GHz (4MB L2) or higher

53



‐ DVD-Rom, Network controlled card, 2x LCD monitor 21", Keyboard and Mouse, 24-bit capable graphics



5. Client Type 3 (Developing Application) ‐ Intel Core 2 Duo 3.0 GHz (4MB L2) or higher



‐ DVD-Rom, Network controlled card, 2x LCD monitor 21", Keyboard and Mouse, 24-bit capable graphics



3.2.4. People Development

No part of GIS planning is more important than staffing and training. A successful GIS

implementation is dependent on the staff that builds it, manages its evolution, and

maintains it over time. Staffing a GIS is a long-term operational cost and major expense

for all system [Tomlinson 2007 pg.168]

The staff position required for GIS implementation shall have associated skill

requirements. At the beginning, a must to have skilled person that is one GIS specialist

who can take charge of GIS planning, system design and administration; and one GIS

programmer who can take charge to develop an application user interface. For a long-

term, where there will be more request from many department and better data

management, the staffing will be growth. The requirement of GIS manager, enterprise

system administrator, GIS analyst and GIS technician/Cartographer will be increased and

should be fulfilled.

After determine the ideal number of staff needs for company, recruitment can be

conducted throughout according to the needs and workload. Employee is an asset of

54

company and should be trained well. Emphasize that continuous employee training will be

necessary for all GIS staff. The all-important core GIS staffs require ongoing training to

keep them current on new methods and technology. The following Instructor-Led Courses

are mandatory basic training for all core GIS staff:

‐ ArcGIS Desktop I : Getting Started with GIS

‐ ArcGIS Desktop II : Tool and Functionality

‐ ArcGIS Desktop III : GIS Workflows and Analysis

Especially for GIS specialist and Enterprise System Administrator the additional

mandatory Instructor-Led Courses are:

‐ Introduction to ArcGIS Server

‐ ArcGIS Server Enterprise Configuration and Tuning for Oracle

‐ Data Management in the Multi-user Geodatabase

Other training topic provided by ESRI will be an optional as required [ESRI Training

Catalog 2010].

3.2.5. Development Phases

The benefits of GIS have not been proved to management before implementation of GIS.

This condition becomes a big challenge for the GIS team to prove that GIS will bring a lot

of benefit to company comparing to the amount money that has to be invested.

The implementation of GIS is a long time development. It can not be done at once in short

time. Therefore, a development phase strategy is created and deal with amount of budget

allocated for development of GIS in a specified period. Every development phase has to

bring benefit, in order to continue to the next phase.

The Company’s GIS project was started in 2006. Cooperation has been established

55

between the Survey Department and Information Technology Department in Total E&P

Indonesie. Please see the next figure of GIS Grand Design which is being developed into

4 (four) phases.

Figure 3.5 Development Phase


Development Phase-1

Purpose of development in the first phase is to create system architecture design of GIS,

need assessment and developing stand alone applications for Land Asset and Socio-

Economy. Only several departments were involved in this development phase: Land

Department, Environment Department and Communication Department. Later in the

middle of Project Phase-1, Pipeline Department joined to have GIS application for their

department.

The detail of Development Phase-1 will be explained in Chapter 3.3 Stand Alone

Application.

56

Development Phase-2,

Purpose of development Phase-2 is to upgrade personal geodatabase which is stored in

Microsoft Access into a New Enterprise Geodatabase (SDE) which will be stored in

RDBMS Oracle Database.

The detail of Development Phase-2 will be explained in Chapter 3.4 Centralize Database.

Development Phase-3

The purpose of GIS development phase-3 is to create a web-based GIS application. This

phase covers the development of GIS on Company’s intranet. Web-based GIS is a new

technology to supports thousands of distributed users in network to access the centralized

location of Enterprise Spatial Database from their remote location without have to install

specific desktop application on their computer.

The detail of Development Phase-3 will be explained in Chapter 3.5 Utilize Web Server.

Development Phase-4

The purpose of GIS development phase-4 is integration to other databases. There are

many applications run on daily basis in company which is dealing with maps. The need of

sharing data is emerge. Single application should be created to provide comprehensive

data on each location on the map. Huge effort and inefficiency to maintain map module in

each application could be eliminated.

The detail of Development Phase-4 will be explained in Chapter 3.6 Integration.

57

3.3. Standalone Application

GIS Team developed a project of Geographic Information System at the TOTAL E&P

Indonesie in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia from July 2006 to June 2007. It is

one year project that was approved by management.

The First Step in development of a new GIS System in Company was to analyze the

existing system in order to understand the user needs and to build a Conceptual Design of

GIS. The Need Assessment develops a better understanding on Company’s need of

Geographic Information Technology i.e. a detail project scope definition, an accurate

definition of System Design, scalability and sustainability development.

The Steps to Development a new Geographic Information Technologies is shown in figure

below:

Figure 3.6 GIS Development Processes

The GIS team had run a strategy to help Company assess the GIS requirements i.e.

interviews and discussions to gather information and to assist potential users from

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different departments to understand the GIS concepts and to know what they real needs.

The interview sessions were carried out to explain the functions and usage of GIS

application and to gather additional information about workflows, data flows, etc.

On the first phase of GIS development, only 3 departments were involved: Land

Department, Environment Department and Communication Department. Later in the

middle of Project Phase-1, Pipeline Department joined to have GIS application for their

department. Because of the typical of this project which is only for small number of

department, the project was called GIS for Land Asset and Social-Economic Data

Management.

The GIS for Land Asset and Social Economic Data Management consist of 3 (three) GIS

Application:

• GIS for Land Asset to manage & analyze the Land Asset issue for Land Department

• GIS for Environment to manage & analyze the Environment issue for Environment

Department, and

• GIS for Community Development to manage & analyze the Community Development

issue for Community Development.

The GIS Application Phase-1 was developed by using the upgradeable existing GIS

Software to the state-of-the art Technologies. The chosen GIS Software had to

accommodate the user needs and could be customized by the common non-proprietary

programming language. The new GIS application for Company in Balikpapan was built

using the latest ESRI ArcGIS Software at that time with VB programming Technologies.

The number of customized application is based on the number of Department that involve

in the system. It is means one department has one GIS Application to manage their

related issue with their own non-spatial database.

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Other departments request to expand the functionality with more departments after

successful implementation of stand-alone GIS application in Total Indonesie.

3.4. Centralize database

This section is intended to describe the overall requirement for deployment of Geographic

Information System Phase-2. Phase-2 was implemented in one year from 2007 until 2008

and covers only migration and upgrading existing GIS data into new Enterprise GIS

Server in Company. Enterprise Geographic Information System Server is a new type of

GIS architecture that supports access to potentially thousands of distributed users from a

centralized location. This industry standards-based approach to data management,

application development, and data and processing access makes them ideal for providing

GIS services to a wide range of distributed users.

The new Enterprise GIS requires provisioning of hardware and software to support the

system.

Geodatabase Upgrading

The purpose was to upgrade the existing spatial data which stored in Microsoft Access

called ‘Personal Geodatabase’ into a New Enterprise Geodatabase (ESRI’s ArcSDE). The

spatial data would not longer be stored in flat file but would be stored in RDBMS Oracle

Database on Company’s Server. All Microsoft Access file *.mdb and Satellite Imagery files

had been upgraded into one Oracle Database Instance.

Attribute Database Migration

The existing attribute data was stored in the SQL Server Database in local machine.

There were four created databases:

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1. GIS_LANDASSET database stores all the data and document of Land Affairs

Department for Land Acquisition, Land Claim and Land Recovery;

2. GIS_ENVIRONMENT database stores all the data and document of Environment

Department for Engineering, Studies and Operations;

3. GIS_SOCIO_ECONOMIC database stores all the data and document of

Communication Department for Social and Economic Development;

4. GIS_TOPO database stores all the data and document of Survey Department.

The new Database in Enterprise GIS was migrated from existing SQL Server Database

into RDBMS Oracle Database on Company’s Server.

Software Upgrading

GIS software was upgraded also in order to upgrade geodatabases. Software upgrading

could help to create, to maintenance and to publish the Enterprise geodatabases. The

following softwares were upgraded and several tasks were performed:

1. Oracle Database to the latest version Oracle 10g R2 (64 bit) version 10.2.0.2

2. Internet Information Server (IIS) 6.0

3. ArcGIS Server 9.2, include:

- Install ArcSDE 9.2 on top of Oracle Database to create & manage Enterprise

Geodatabase

- Install ArcGIS Server Manager on Application Server to publish Geodatabase as

service

- Install Application Developer Frameworks (ADFs) on Application Server to build

GIS Web Application

4. Upgrade ArcInfo 9.0 to ArcInfo 9.2

5. Upgrade ArcView 9.1 to ArcView 9.2

6. Install ArcGIS Desktop 3D Analyst to create and process three dimensional spatial data

7. Install ERDAS IMAGINE Professional 9.1 to process satellite imagery

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Acceptance test was designed to see the successful of implementation of GIS Phase-2. It

was inserted in this implementation step as key point to see the significant differential

between the system with file-based data and client-server centralize database.

At the end of GIS development Phase-2, company accepted result as listed below:

- No more file-based for spatial data and attribute data.

- All documents (word file, spreadsheet, picture, etc) are stored in Web Server, and

accessed by http protocol.

- Average display response times for spatial data are 2 seconds.

- Security ArcGIS server access by user’s login-id, and survey department personnel

have admin level to manage the databases.

- All PC user with ArcGIS Desktop installed (ArcView or ArcInfo) have minimum

specification to support the performance of application.

3.5. Utilize Web Server

Along with development of internet technology, where many applications are made and

built on the Internet platform that can be accessed from anywhere, anytime and by

anyone; Company also develop Web-enabled GIS system as a tool in achieving

Enterprise GIS.

Phase-3 is a continuing project from the previous one. It was done in 2009 for one year

and covers the development of GIS on Company’s intranet. Web-based GIS is a new

technology for company to supports thousands of distributed users in network to access

the centralized location of Enterprise Spatial Database from their remote location without

have to install specific desktop application on their computer.

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The implementation process of Web-GIS development covers the following activities:

Web Interface Design

Graphics User Interface (GUI) is the interaction menu between users and system. GUI of

application was designed to meet all the user needs. It was designed as simple as

possible to help user quickly understand the menu when see at the first time. They can

quickly and easy to understand which one is the input parameter, the result of action of

each button, etc.

Prototyping

Prototyping was done before full implementation. Prototyping took the longest part in the

timeline of project phase. It worked with the designed databases; the content records of

the tables both spatial and attributes; the programming to build friendly user interface for

data presentation and also to analyze the data and turn into information.

Testing & Finalization

The testing stage of the development was done in order to get feedback from users. The

expected inputs from users on how the Graphic User Interface could be understand

easily; how the functionality works and display the result; testing to find errors, etc. The

user’s feedbacks were used in finalization step to complete the application.

A security level was applied for every GIS user to access and run the application. Level of

security also applied on database owned by each department.

Acceptance

Acceptance test was designed to see the successful of implementation. The criteria of

acceptance test are listed below:

- Performance shown by response times to display the map on web browser

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- All documents (word file, spreadsheet, picture, etc) are stored in Web Server, and

accessed by http protocol

- Security web access by user’s login-id.

Web GIS Server is located on Company’s Network Center in Balikpapan, Kalimantan

Timur - Indonesia. The system includes more then 10 ArcGIS services and more than 100

GIS layers. The system has an Oracle back-end database, ArcGIS Server and front-end

Web Servers

Figure 3.7 Web-GIS Application

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3.6. Integration

There are many applications run on daily basis in Company deal and correlate to

geographic coordinates or maps. These applications owned, managed and used by

different entities in Company and handle a very large amount of data in various specific

databases. Different and separated applications scattered over different entities (see the

following Figure):

Figure 3.8 Scattered Applications

‐ ICon, an application for accessing data and information about well from Geosciences

Databases including FINDER-DB, LOGDB, e-Search, and PDMS. It is operated and

maintained by Data Management & Geosciences Support Department under

Geosciences and Reservoir Division.

‐ DirectViewer, an application to monitor well behaviour and related information for

further analysis for Reservoir Monitoring team, Geologist, Production team, Well

Service and Well Performance Team. It is managed by Geosciences Information

System Department under Geosciences and Reservoir Division.

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‐ I-ServeWell, an application and database managed by Well Servicing Department

(under Drilling, Well Services & Logistic Division) to monitor their daily operations.

‐ MOTUM, an application for oil spill analysis used by Environment Engineer

Environment Department. The application and database is still managed under Survey

Department, Facilities & Engineering Division.

‐ Pipeline data is stored in 4-Site, a pipeline application and database which stores

information related to pipeline operation, inspection and maintenance. It is owned and

maintained by Inspection Department under Field Operation Division.

‐ Fleet/vehicle tracking system, a real-time application and database to monitor the

movement of fleet including application for fuel consumption. It is under control of

Survey Department, Facilities & Engineering Division.

‐ Real-time weather, a real-time application to displays current weather condition and

also to records into database historical weather at several locations in Company’s

operation area. It is managed by Survey Department, Facilities & Engineering Division

‐ Plant Information (PI), a real-time production monitoring database managed by

Production Department under Field Operation Division. Data is automatics gathered

from process historian database in Distributed Control System.

‐ WellView, a specific application and database owned by Drilling Department, Drilling,

Well Servicing & Logistic Division to manage their daily drilling operation report.

This system has weaknesses, especially in the case of emergency or downgraded

situation when oil spill happen. In such a critical situation, many departments should be

involved to provide necessary information for decision making. There are inefficiency and

huge effort for any departments to provide and to compile all those information required

comprehensively in order to support a decision making and to create an emergency

response strategy. To cope with this problem, GIS team is developing a “one single

window” as one stop service tool to give all kind of information required instantly and in a

comprehensive view.

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The chosen innovative technical solution is web-based application that is being developed

to integrate and synergize any potential applications on Geographic Information System

software platform at the enterprise level. The system supports Company inter-Division

such as HSE (Health, Safety & Environment), Field Operation, Geosciences and

Reservoir, Drilling & Well Service, Marine & Logistic, Pipeline, Land Affairs and

Communication, Security etc.

The general description of GIS integrated system is given by figure below.

Figure 3.9 Integrated Systems

Detail schema of integration data and application among department in company can be

seen in Appendix 1 – System Architecture.

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3.7. Evaluation

Evaluation takes a place to know the current level status of maturity and action plan to be

followed to achieve the goal - Enterprise GIS.

First Evaluation 2008

In early year 2008, evaluation and audit was performed together with Headquarter on all

existing application in all affiliates / subsidiaries in Total Group. GIS development in Total

E& P Indonesia was included in this evaluation.

The result of first evaluation is reported on 21st August 2008 and distributed to all

subsidiaries as could be seen in several figures below. In report section of GIS

development and application, Indonesia had been awarded as the best achievement. GIS

development in Indonesie reached 2.7 point. It is mean the level of maturity of GIS

development at growing level to be Level 3 - GIS Essential.

Figure 3.10 GIS Maturity Level of Total E&P Indonesie, 2008

Source: COMITE SIP 2008, page 26

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Figure 3.11 GIS Maturity Level among subsidiaries in Total Group, 2008

There are several comments as result of the evaluation:

‐ The subsidiaries are based on the ESRI platform version levels consistent even

higher headquarters,

‐ Apart from the African subsidiaries, all based on local expertise for assistance

and specific developments,

‐ For certain subsidiaries, subsidiary of an approach more comprehensive GIS:

GIS-purpose (Indonesia)

‐ Note a methodical approach and a balance-report consisting subcontracted by

the UK subsidiary (Exprodat. Inc)

‐ This system architecture design built in Indonesia is highly possible to be

implemented to other subsidiaries

Source: COMITE SIP 2008, page 28

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Second Evaluation 2010

In early year 2010, the second evaluation was performed together with a team from GIS

E&P Headquarter. There were several sectors that had been evaluated, according to the

matrix of GIS maturity. The evaluated factors are organization, integration, technical

support, data management, the usage of functional tools, and user training. GIS

development in Indonesie was rewarded as level 4 of GIS maturity on this second

evaluation.

Figure 3.12 GIS Maturity Level of Total E&P Indonesia, 2010

The brief result of evaluation report is described as following paragraphs [Coquelet D.,

2010].

The product is a very unifying web, initiated by GIS team in Survey Department, Facilities

and Engineering Division and should become a focal Enterprise GIS at the Indonesian

subsidiary. The extension project of GIS is the architecture and data server in this sense

is extremely rewarding, and broadly in line with the Headquarter GIS E&P vision. GIS in

Source: [Parisot T., Coquelet D., 2010]

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Indonesia is a good product, implementing the latest technologies in GIS, where data are

stored in ESRI’s SDE, using ArcGIS Server Web interface based on Adobe Flex.

The extension of the project will aim to integrate other spatial approaches of the

subsidiary in particular Geosciences bases, in Balikpapan and in Jakarta. This GIS should

be extended which would integrate all data used by Geosciences that cover all of

Indonesia and a strong collaboration with Geosciences and Reservoir Division as sub-

surface data owner and New Venture Department as Business Development data owner.

Architecture Design and integration is proposed. This would enhance the visualization

capabilities of all users.

This chapter explained the initial process of GIS development in Company since 2006 in

five different aspects: ideas, data, technology, people and method. Grand Design was

made to establish Enterprise GIS in Company. Development of GIS itself had to be split

into several phases. During development to establish Enterprise GIS according to Grand

Design, the evaluation work took part to know the status of GIS maturity level in certain

time. Each level of maturity that was reached surely will bring benefits to Company.

These benefits will be explained in conclusion in the next chapter.

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Chapter-4: Conclusions

In the Oil & Gas operation, Company places a high degree of importance on its asset for

the operations in East Kalimantan site. Company can utilizes the spatial data

management and analysis tools to assist decision-making processes in Exploration,

Geosciences Study, Construction, Field Operation, Pipeline Management, Land Asset

Management, Environmental Management, Community Development Management, and

more departments.

4.1. Benefits

Geographic Information System can serve as a valuable tool for assessing Company’s

asset and can play an important role in improving the effectiveness of its asset data

management issues. GIS act as an integrative framework from the generation, storage,

retrieve and display of the thematic information relative to the vulnerability/sensitivity of

the affected resources to impact prediction, and finally for their evaluation for decision

support. GIS bring to Company’s asset, process a new way of analyzing and manipulating

spatial objects and an improved way of communicating the results of the analysis, which

can be of great importance to the public participation process.

GIS is used as a tool to help answer questions related to Company’s technical and

management issues. Sharing data between departments within Company, better planning,

and problem anticipation are advantages that Company can obtain by implementing an

Enterprise GIS. Enterprise GIS has started to become a critical part of the technology

employed in the E&P business.

Company has finished the Implementation of GIS Phase-1 Stand-alone application for

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Land Affairs Department, Environment Department, and Community Development,

Phase-2 Centralize Database, Phase-3 Utilize Web Server and Phase-4 Integration with

other Department’s Databases.

Implementation of GIS application employs web-based technology. Therefore, it enable

thousands of distributed users to access centralized enterprise database on map platform

from their remote location without installing specific desktop application on their computer.

Direct advantages of using the system are:

‐ Efficiency in triple-constraints: time, cost and man power.

‐ Faster and comprehensive information to support operation and decision making

‐ Low cost in development and deployment as result of in-house development. The

only cost is under Information Technology Department budget for upgrading system

and maintenance.

‐ Moreover, no specific skill training is required to run this application.

Simplify visualization of the emergency response strategy shall be taken in evacuation,

mobilization, deployment and consideration of socio-economy-environmental impact.

‐ Easier in coordination and collaboration with external parties, such as government,

stakeholder and local community

‐ Reduce of data duplication

‐ Paperless (green campaign and cost reduction)

‐ Since the data well-managed in specific database and digital format, therefore it is

more auditable and able to re-display.

One way to measure the benefit that has been achieved so far of implementation of GIS in

company is the statistic of user access. All the user connection and usage of GIS

application on the web is recorded for further analysis.

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Table 4.1 User Growth


Figure 4.1 Graph of User Growth


As shown by table 4.1 and figure 4.1, it is clearly shown that since web application

introduced to users, the number of user increase more than 100 users every month. User

growth increases significantly and reaches 47 percent on October 2010. It is nearly half of

the total employee in Company and become one of the most important applications (the

application that can support the whole Company business process).

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The information about the average number of users can also be calculated. On daily

basis, average 80 people access the application (see graph on Figure 4.2) with more than

600 users per month. This graph is not showing the stable average number, due to the

growth in new users is continuing and level of maturity has not been reached on the main

level of the Enterprise GIS. But it can be used as a verification and testimony to

management that GIS development in the Company bring benefits and reaches the right

direction and continuing to grow to support all activities in the company.

Figure 4.2 Average number of user per day


4.2. Appreciation

In 2010, after web application has been running for 1 year since June 2009, several

potential users were interviewed to get their opinion about the implementation of GIS to

support their planning and daily work. Below are three people from different department

who realized the existence of Geographic Information System in company which is can

provided benefit to their work.

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Eric Mastin. He is a Well Performance Team Leader for Tambora, Tunu, Sisi-Nubi Fields,

who manages 450 active wells, 1850 bcf / day (billion cubic feet per day). Eric and the Well

Performance Team started to use GIS at the end of 2009 when the GIS have been

accessible through the intranet of Total E&P Indonesie. Since that, He is using the GIS as a

support for the planning of Well Service operation every week during coordination meeting.

Planning of well service operation is a very complex activity in the Mahakam environment

that shall take into account the vessel movement (400 boats in the affiliate) and the activity

of drilling rigs, dredging barge, well connection, maintenance, third parties. Numerous crash

accesses to location occurred in the past (impossibility of the well service barge to enter the

location due to undetected on-going activity during the planning session).

The real gain of the GIS is related to the avoidance of the crash accesses. GIS gives a clear

picture of the constraints and help to manage the risk and to take decision. The gain of

productivity is estimated to 20-25 Mscuf/month (approximately 1.7 Million USD per year) said

Eric.

Gilles Pizigo. He is a RSES (Ultimate Health, Safety and Environmental authority on site) at

South Processing Unit Area, As Site manager for South Tunu and Sisi Nubi Field, he

organize 444 persons on site with total production 1300 MMscfd gas and 42 Kbcpd

condensate, to manage asset from 350 wells, 20 Gathering Terminal Satellite, 2 Manifold

platform, 3 offshore wellhead platforms and 150 km of pipeline network

He started to use the GIS immediately after it has been available on intranet in 2009. GIS is

now used daily during work permit meeting to check if the work area is under the RSES

authority of him and to visualize if distinct work permits are compatible within the same area.

GIS is also providing a valuable information for the daily planning of the work: location of all

new wells for drilling program and well connection jobs, location of river crossings during rig

moves, location of pipeline Right Of Way crossings, location of drilling rigs / construction

barges / well service barges, location of specific areas where SIMOPS (Simultaneous

Operation Permits) shall be managed, visualization of marine routes for Medic and

Evacuation purpose, location of marine hazards to be managed.

He is estimating that he is “integrating” the activity of, at least, 5 disciplines including

Production, Inspection, Construction, Well Services, Marine, Project during the above

mentioned meetings.

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Olivier de Pellegars. He is a Project Manager for the Central Tunu 3D seismic acquisition ,

who organized 1164 people on site, for 10 months, with huge number of seismic shooting

(approximate 67 000 Shots) on 336 km2 area, and total 42 Million USD budget.

Olivier was really pleasantly surprised to see such a developed GIS in the affiliate. In

onshore seismic operation GIS is used, but it remains for internal use, the data are not

shared with other entities. As a contributor to the GIS, his main objective was to provide

clear information in “real time” to the other entities about the progress and the location of the

seismic activity in the field to avoid conflicting situation that could lead to significant stand-by.

As a user, he uses the information in the GIS to determine the compensation for the impact

of the seismic activity onto the local industry of shrimp farms. In addition, as the GIS is also

interfaced with the fleet tracking system implemented in the affiliate, he can avoid the

presence of vessels in the area where seismic shots are performed, which is a significant

contribution to HSE (Health Safety and Environment) matters.

4.3. Thesis Recommendation - Further Development

Company has an effective system to manage Exploration and Production business

process. It is clear that GIS offers significant benefits to the organization due to the high

internal use and sharing of spatial data in several Databases and retrieve valid information

quickly through GIS web application. GIS as a technology can enrich Company’s staff in

intelligent, efficient, competitive, safe and environmentally sustainable way.

Sharing data between departments within Company, better planning, and problem

anticipation are advantages that can be obtained by implementing a Enterprise GIS. The

needs of integration & data sharing are increasing rapidly. This is happen due to

increasing of demand of comprehensive information for analysis to support decision

making. The future development of GIS in Company requires more effective and efficient

management support to implement this issue both for technical staff on daily activities and

for management on better decision-making.

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The following thesis recommendations are created based on Enterprise GIS strategy, with

more and more layers, more and more users.

Technical support

A strong relationship between Information Technology Department and other department

shall be established. GIS should follow Information Technology’s development standard

(development, pre-production and production stage). A must of dedicated personnel in

Information Technology Department to support GIS Enterprise with following rules/tasks:

‐ Documentation and design application

‐ Setting up the platform (hardware & software)

‐ Implementation from pre-production to production stage

‐ Setting up data connection to others database

Technical development

It is suggested to establish a distribution of different servers, with:

‐ Servers dedicated to pre-production, which will also serve as test servers, and

thus could be unlikely to disturbed

‐ Production servers to be dedicated entirely to user logins, with a minimum of

interruptions or malfunctions.

This configuration of servers should better reflect the Information Technology

Department’s vision in term of server allocation.

Data Management

In the future, more and more data will be integrated into the GIS, the pre-production

geodatabases should be provided, where the essential quality controls will be done before

putting them into production geodatabase.

Most data in Company’s GIS are processed by Survey Department which is comes from

78

contractors in incompatible formats i.e. AutoCAD files, Excel files, etc. A strategy shall be

created for data processing and re-define some deliverables to avoid multiplication of

resources to handle these kind of data. More and more contractors are able to deliver

AutoCAD compatible GIS formats. It may in some cases suffice to indicate in the data

delivery specifications.

Utilization Way

The Company’s GIS is essentially a product display. The other utilization of GIS is in

geoprocessing which can act as a real tool for analysis and decision making. GIS

Developer team should start discern applications for 3D analysis, network analysis, etc.

Training

Company should define the development program for training. It should not be a project

based as previous, but establishing training with regular schedule for all users. The level

of training should be defined as follow:

1. User level, are for all common users who need basic level of GIS, the guideline to

use Web-GIS application.

2. GIS Analyst level, are for all intermediate users who need more skills for analysis

and geoprocessing. The training could be outdoors from vendor (ESRI) or as

internal workshops.

3. Congress & Virtual Campus, are for developer team to update their knowledge and

specialty in building enterprise GIS. Some of the congresses are PUG Petroleum

User Group, ESRI User Conference, and ESRI Developer Summit. While Virtual

Campus is a sessions via the ESRI Virtual Campus.

Finally, Company had greatly implemented Enterprise GIS in good track. Several benefits

have been achieved by users to increase their productivities. Several actions have to be

performed also in near future to establish the Enterprise GIS.

79

Appendix-1: System Architecture

80

81

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