ESE 4007 Smart GidG rid Th lT echnology - KUET

ESE 4007 S G id T h lESE 4007: Smart Grid TechnologyLecture 09

Smart meters and measurement technologies g

Dr. Md. HabibullahAssociate Professor, EEE, KUET

SyllabusSyllabus

Department of EEE, KUET 27/18/2020

Smart grid key technology areas


Sensing and measurementSensing and measurement


Metering and measurement

New digital technologies will employ two – way communications, a variety of inputsNew digital technologies will employ two way communications, a variety of inputs

(pricing signals, time‐of‐day tariff, regional transmission organization (RTO) curtailments

for congestion relief), a variety of outputs (real time consumption data, power quality,g ), y p ( p , p q y,

electric parameters), the ability to connect and disconnect, and interfaces with

generators, grid operators, and customer portals to enhance power measurement.

The above will be facilitated by the increased utilization of digital electronics for metering and

measurements, advancement of the electric meter at the customer level, and installation of

wide area monitoring system for advanced utility monitoring and protection.

Measurement Technologies include smart meters, AMI, WAMS, PMU, smart appliances, smart sensors etc.


Smart Meters

Smart meters are powerful tools which fundamentally change the operation of power

grids. When an Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is in place, smart meter can measure

and record actual power usage during a day at certain time interval. These collected data are

sent to a central data management system over a secure network via wireless communication.

The data can be used by utilities for the following applications

a. Faster outage detection, response, and restoration by providing data to the field operations timely.

b. Keeping customers better informed about the status of power grid. Utilities cancommunicate relevant information, e.g., cause of outage, field‐estimated restoration time,and public safety notice.p y

c. Improving resilience against disruptions, reducing potential outages, reducing frequencyand duration of outages by enhancing accuracy of the grid asset planning and

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management.

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Working principle of a smart meterWorking principle of a smart meter

Smart meters include a combination of hardware, software, and calibration systems. M t l it d i ti th l t f t t

The center of a smart meter hardware is based on system‐on‐chip (SOC) processor including the architecture to support the measurements.

Metrology, security, and communication are the core elements of smart meters.


including the architecture to support the measurements.

Benefits of smart metersBenefits of smart meters

Benefits to the customer:Benefits to the customer:

• Consumers get more information about their energy usage. This will provide energy

efficiency gains for both the consumer and the industry.y g y

• Increased knowledge of quality of delivery and more detailed feedback on energy use.

• Bills are based on actual consumption.

• Customer can adjust their habits to use more during off peak hours to lower electric bills.

• Power outages are reduced.

• Switching and moving are easily facilitated.

• The necessity of bill estimation is reduced.

• No need to provide access to utility people for taking reading of meters located indoors.


Benefits of smart meters (contd.)Benefits to the utilities:

• Demand peaks are reduced.p

• Remote controlling enables better management of billing and other consumer related issues.

• Automated and remote meter reading.

• Electric systems are monitored more quickly.

• Enabling more efficient use of power resources

• Power outages are reduced.

• Enabling dynamic pricing.

• A voiding building of new power plants.

• Optimizing income with existing resources.

• Freeing up experienced staff for other high priority areas to better serve the customers.• Operational costs are reduced.


Benefits of smart meters (contd.)

Benefits to the environment:Benefits to the environment:

• Smart Meters communicate directly with the utility, eliminating the need to put utility

trucks out on the streettrucks out on the street.

• Smart meters prevent the need for new power plants by contributing to the proper

distribution of existing power usage, and as a result reduce pollution.distribution of existing power usage, and as a result reduce pollution.

• Smart meters indirectly reduce the emission of greenhouse gas from existing power plants.


Barriers to Smart MeteringChallenges to the electric company:

• Transitioning from existing technology to new technology.g g gy gy

• Managing public reaction towards the new meter with proper introduction.

• Managing the customer carefully for the acceptance of the new technology and process.

• Complex, new and time‐consuming projects

• More cost of meters and infrastructure.

• Managing the security of metering data.

• Optimizing deployment of smart meters.

Challenges to consumers:

• Verification of the accuracy of the data collected and processed by new meter.

• Protection of the privacy of their personal data.

• Additional fees for the new meter.


Challenges to the environment: disposal of the old meters.

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List of smart meters from various vendorsList of smart meters from various vendors

Imhemeter

Inhemeter IEC Single Phase Smart MeterIEC Poly Phase Smart MeterANSI Smart MeterANSI Smart Meter

Hexing IEC Single Phase Smart MeterIEC Poly Phase Smart Meter

H i


Hexing

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AMI (advanced metering infrastructure)AMI (advanced metering infrastructure)

An AMI platform includes series of enhanced smart meters with

various HAN, NAN and WAN communication modules as well as

crucial functionalities which provide different data like billing,

power quality, events and load profile.

Representing AMI meters not only covers smart energy

i b l b i d frequirement, but also can be an important and accurate gate for

distribution management platforms to monitor & locate power

outage facilitate demand side management and even

Hexing AMI

outage, facilitate demand side management and even

effectively track the distribution loss.


AMI (contd )AMI (contd.)AMI consists of three basic components:

1. Smart metering devices at the user end,

2. two way communication path between end user and utility, and automated software

3. operation center for data processing

Fig Meter Data Management System (MDMS)Fig. Data Concentrator in AMI


Fig. Meter Data Management System (MDMS)

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Wide area monitoring systemWide area monitoring system


Wide area monitoring system (contd.)

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Wide area monitoring system (contd.)

WAMS are designed by the utilities for optimal capacity of the transmission grid and to

t th d f di t bprevent the spread of disturbances.

By providing real ‐ time information on stability and operating safety margins, WAMS give

early warnings of system disturbances for the prevention and mitigation of system ‐ wide

blackouts.

WAMS utilize sensors distributed throughout the network in conjunction with GPS satellites

for precise time stamping of measurements in the transmission system. The integratedp p g y g

sensors will interface with the communication network.

Phasor Measurements are a current technology that is a component of most

smart grid designs.


Conceptual diagram of a synchronized phasor measuring system


Block diagram of a PMUBlock diagram of a PMU

Output of PMU is synchronized time stamped voltages, currents and frequency from different nodes of power systems

PMU performance evaluation:

1. Availability 2. Reliability 3. accuracy


Smart AppliancesSmart appliances cycle up and down in response to signals sent by the utility.

The applicances enable customers to participate in voluntary demand response programs

which award credits for limiting power use in peak demand periods or when the grid

is under stress.

An override function allows customers to control their appliances using the Internet.

Air conditioners, space heaters, water heaters, refrigerators, washers, and dryers represent

about 20% of total electric demand during most of the day and throughout the year.

Grid‐friendly appliances use a simple computer chip that can sense disturbances in the grid’sGrid friendly appliances use a simple computer chip that can sense disturbances in the grid s

power frequency and can turn an appliance off for a few minutes to allow the grid to stabilize

during a crisis.


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ReferencesReferences1. Smart Grid: Fundamentals of Design and Analysis, First Edition. James

Momoh, Published 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

2. Ppt. on Smart Grid Basics, Joe Miller, Modern Grid Strategy Team LeadGrid Econ –The Economics of a Smarter Electric Grid, March 16, 2009.

3. Smart Metering and Functionalities of Smart Meters in Smart Grid ‐ A Review, b G i R B i S idh K i h d B l V k t h EPEC 2015 L d ONby Gouri R. Barai, Sridhar Krishnan, and Bala Venkatesh, EPEC 2015 London, ON, Canada.


Lecture 10: Sensor networks, fault detection and self‐healing systemsself healing systems

Thank you

22Department of EEE, KUET7/18/2020

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ESE 4007 Smart GidG rid Th lT echnology - KUET