Erik Erikson Lorh

7/28/2019 Erik Erikson Lorh

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Insert Your Page Title WHAT IS SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT?

Social emotional development helps shape a child into

what he will become later in life by teaching proper

reactions to emotional matters. Social skills are all about a child's ability to cooperate and

play with others, paying attention to adults and teachers,

and making reasonable transitions from activity to

activity.

Emotional development is the process of learning how tounderstand and control emotions.

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THE 8 STAGES OF CHILDREN SOCIAL AND

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT


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First stage: Hope (0 to 18 month)

Learning Basic Trust Versus Basic Mistrust:

If a baby and toddler is nurtured, and loved,he will develop trust and security and a basic

optimism. Badly handled, he becomes

insecure and mistrustful.

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Erikson believes social and emotional development occurs as people reach

psychosocial crisis and are prompted into the next stage of

development.

The well-adjusted child emerges from this stage sure of himself, elated

with his new found control, and proud rather than ashamed. The early

part of this psychosocial crisis, includes facing up to self- will, tantrums,

stubbornness, and negativism.

So the two year old yelling "NO!" every second of the day is going through

his entry into the second stage of social and emotional development,

according to Erikson.

Mothers know this is annoying, but you can take heart that its a sign of

emotional and social development.

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Second stage: (two

three years)Learning Autonomy Versus Shame:


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Erikson believes that this third psychosocial crisis occurs during what hecalls the "play age and the well-developed child learns:

to imagine, to broaden his skills through active play of all sorts, includin

fantasy

Do things on their own

Have freedom to play

IF NOT! Parents who severely punished childrens will make them feel guilty.

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Third stage: Initiative Versus Guilt (3-5 y)Important key: exploration


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Erikson believes that the fourth psychosocial crisis is handled, for

better or worse, during what he calls the "school age.

Expansion of childs social world with entrance to school.

Influence of parents decrease

Develop their sense of pride Children who are encouraged ( feel competence and belief=self esteem)

IF NOT! Failure will create a negative self image. (Doubt with their ability)

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Fourth stage: Industry vs Inferiority (6

11)Important key: School


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Fifth stage: Fidelity (12-18)

Learning Identity vs Identity Diffusion:

During the fifth psychosocial crisis the adolescent

learns how to answer satisfactorily and happily thequestion of "Who am I?". But even the best-adjusted

teenager experiences some role identity problems

and starts rebelling and filling with self-doubt. The

young person acquires self-certainty as opposed to

self-consciousness and self-doubt.

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Sixth stage: Love (18+)

Learning Intimacy vs Isolation:

The successful young adult, for the first time,

can experience true intimacy - the sort of

intimacy that makes possible good marriage

or a genuine and enduring friendship.

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Seventh stage: Care (adulthood)

Learning Generativity vs Self-Absorption:

In adulthood, the psychosocial crisis demands

a person becomes more emotionally and

socially generous, both in the sense of

marriage and parenthood, and in the sense of

working productively and creatively.

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Eighth stage: Wisdom (adulthood)

Integrity vs Despair:

If the other seven psychosocial crises have been successfully

resolved, the mature adult develops the peak of adjustment -

integrity. He trusts, he is independent and dares the new. He

works hard, has found a well-defined role in life, and has

developed a self-concept with which he is happy. He can be

intimate without strain, guilt, regret, or lack of realism, and he

is proud of what he creates - his children, his work, or hishobbies. If one or more of the earlier psychosocial crises have

not been resolved, he may view himself and his life with

disgust and despair, according to Erikson.

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Erik Erikson Lorh