Slide 2 ENYZYME LAB Effects of Temperature and pH on Enzyme
Function Anatomy & Physiology Instructor Terry Wiseth Northland
College Click To Go To Next Slide Slide 3 ENZYME LAB Directions in
performing the lab In the performance of this virtual lab
understanding how the buttons will work for you should be helpful.
Navigating the lab will be performed by clicking on the various
buttons available in a menu you will find in the lower right hand
corner. Click on the YELLOW button below to go to the next slide
and learn how to navigate. Click To Go To Next Slide Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Slide 4 ENZYME LAB Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Click on each of the buttons
that you see below to view description of how each button works
Click Here If You Understand How To Use All Of These Buttons Enzyme
Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Slide 5 ENZYME LAB Clicking this
button will allow you to proceed to the next slide. You will use
this button often. Click on each of the buttons that you see below
to view description of how each button works Enzyme Lab Index Lab
#1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed
Lab Tutorial End Show Click Here If You Understand How To Use All
Of These Buttons Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Slide
6 ENZYME LAB Click on each of the buttons that you see below to
view description of how each button works Clicking this button will
allow you to go to the previous slide in the lab. Enzyme Lab Index
Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide
Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Click Here If You Understand How To
Use All Of These Buttons Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index
Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show
Slide 7 ENZYME LAB Click on each of the buttons that you see below
to view description of how each button works Clicking this button
will allow you to go to the slide that you have just came from.
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Click Here If You
Understand How To Use All Of These Buttons Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1
Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show Slide 8 ENZYME LAB Click on each of the buttons
that you see below to view description of how each button works
Clicking this button will allow you to quit the lab and go back to
your desktop. Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide
Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Click Here
If You Understand How To Use All Of These Buttons Enzyme Lab Index
Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide
Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Slide 9 ENZYME LAB Click on each of
the buttons that you see below to view description of how each
button works Clicking this button will bring you to the lab index.
From the lab index you can link to either Lab #1 or Lab #2. Enzyme
Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Click Here If You Understand How
To Use All Of These Buttons Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2
Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End
Show Slide 10 ENZYME LAB Click on each of the buttons that you see
below to view description of how each button works Clicking this
button will bring you to Lab #1 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab
#2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial
End Show Click Here If You Understand How To Use All Of These
Buttons Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide
Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Slide 11
ENZYME LAB Click on each of the buttons that you see below to view
description of how each button works Clicking this button will
bring you to Lab #2 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Click
Here If You Understand How To Use All Of These Buttons Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Slide 12 ENZYME LAB Click on
each of the buttons that you see below to view description of how
each button works Clicking this button will bring you to the Enzyme
Lab Tutorial. The lab tutorial provides more information about
enzymes. Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide
Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Click Here
If You Understand How To Use All Of These Buttons Enzyme Lab Index
Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide
Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Slide 13 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index
Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB Click To Go To Last Slide Viewed This
button is utilized to return to the slide that you linked from
initially. This would be analogous to using a book mark in your lab
book Click To Go To Lab Report This button is utilized to link to
your lab report. Using this button will bring you to pages that
should be printed out so that you can include them in your lab
report Click To Go To Next Slide This button is utilized to go to
the next slide of the lab. This would be analogous to turning the
page of your lab book You probably want to utilize this button next
Slide 14 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide
Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB
This button is utilized to give information on when or how to use a
specific piece of lab apparatus These buttons are utilized to go to
examples of graphs or tables which may be more helpful if you print
them off Turn a Machine On Click to View Data Table Click to View
Graph Click To Go To Conversion Chart This button is utilized to
link to conversion charts which are helpful in entering the correct
values in the data tables You probably want to utilize this button
next Slide 15 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide
Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB
You should print off the following pages located from these links
Temperature Data Table Density Conversion Chart Graph of
Temperature vs mM product Graph of pH vs mM product pH Data Table
Temperature Hypothesis pH Hypothesis Temperature Conclusion pH
Conclusion pH Lab Questions Temperature Lab Questions Slide 16
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB This
ENZYME LAB is divided into two Experiments Experiment #1 Experiment
#1 will investigate the influence temperature has on enzyme
activity Experiment #2 Experiment #2 will investigate the influence
pH has on enzyme activity Slide 17 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index
Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB INDEX Click To Go To Experiment #1
Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity Click To Go To Experiment
#2 Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity Click To Go To The Enzyme
Tutorial (Learn More About Enzymes) Go Back to A&P 2 Lab Book
Slide 18 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide
Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB
#1 Temperature Influences On Enzyme Activity Slide 19 Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB #1 INDEX Lab # 1
Discussion How To Use The Spectrophotometer How To Use The
Temperature Probe How To Use The Hot Plate Start Of Lab # 1
Exercise Links To Charts And Graphs Slide 20 Enzyme Lab Index Lab
#1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed
Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB 1) Hypothesis 2) Data Table 3)
Graph (mM Product vs Temperature) 4) Conclusion 5) Answers to
questions 1 - 4 The following is what you should make sure that you
include in your lab report Slide 21 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index
Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB Changes in temperature can
dramatically influence the activity of most enzymes by affecting
enzyme structure As temperatures increase enzyme activity is
greater due largely to the increase in kinetic energy (energy of
motion) that allows the enzyme and substrate to collide with higher
frequency Slide 22 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME
LAB Once the temperature optimum is reached, enzyme activity
decreases slowly as the enzyme is heated because the enzyme is
undergoing denaturation Denaturation is a term used to describe a
change in shape occurring to enzymes Slide 23 Enzyme Lab Index Lab
#1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed
Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB When an enzymes shape is changed
it can no longer perform its function as efficiently Just like a
wrench that has lost its shape when over-heated in a forge, an
enzyme is not able to function when it has lost its shape Slide 24
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB This
exercise is designed to help you understand the effect of
temperature on enzyme activity Invertase You will also analyze data
from this experiment to determine the ideal temperature optimum for
Invertase (an enzyme) activity Slide 25 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1
Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB To begin the experiment we will
determine the temperature of the substrate The substrate is the
chemical material which the enzyme will be acting on Slide 26
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB As is the
case with real experiments in a biochemistry lab, enzyme should
always be added to the substrate last to prevent the reaction from
starting before all necessary components have been added Slide 27
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB The first
thing you will do is to develop a hypothesis to predict the effect
of an increase in temperature on invertase activity Enter your
hypothesis in the first line of your lab report A hypothesis is a
best guess at what you think may be the results of the experiment
Click To Go To Lab Report Hypothesis Slide 28 Enzyme Lab Index Lab
#1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed
Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB Sucrose The substrate used in this
experiment is Sucrose Substrate concentration for sucrose for this
experiment is 90 millimolar units (mM) Slide 29 Enzyme Lab Index
Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide
Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB Invertase The enzyme used
in this experiment is Invertase Invertase will react with sucrose
in a biochemical reaction that results in the formation of
by-products sucrose (+ water) glucose + fructose Invertase Sucrase
Slide 30 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide
Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB
Accumulation of by-products in the solution over time will create a
change in the relative density of the solution Spectrophotometer
This relative density can be measured by the use of a
Spectrophotometer Photons 4000 ON Slide 31 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1
Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB HOW TO USE THE SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Photons 4000 ON Slide 32 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index
Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End
ShowPhotons 4000 ON The spectrophotometer is designed to measure
the amount of light which is entering into the device The device
records a measurement in photons which can be extrapolated into a
measure of density Spectrophotometer Slide 33 Enzyme Lab Index Lab
#1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed
Lab Tutorial End Show In the beakers below and to the left is a
series of solutions with varying degrees of density Photons 4000 ON
When an enzyme such as invertase is added to a sucrose solution the
resulting enzymatic reactions cause an accumulation of by-product
Spectrophotometer Slide 34 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2
Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End
ShowPhotons 4000 ON This accumulation of product results in an
increase in density of the solutions Spectrophotometer By placing
the beakers in front of a Spectrophotometer we are able to measure
the relative density of each solution Spectrophotometer Slide 35
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons 4000
Spectrophotometer ON Click on the top beaker (lightest color) which
appears to have the least density The beaker will now be placed in
front of the spectrophotometer Slide 36 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1
Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End ShowPhotons 4000 3200 ON ON Turn the spectrophotometer
on by clicking the ON button to measure the light intensity which
is passing through the beaker The measurement you see on the
readout from the Spectrophotometer is in photons and will need to
be converted to relative density Spectrophotometer Slide 37 Enzyme
Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons 9000 3200 ON GREEN
PHOTONSDENSITY Click on the GREEN button below the table to go to
the chart which will convert the measurement of PHOTONS into units
of DENSITY DENSITY The DENSITY units can be correlated to mM of
product produced and are the values which you will use to graph
your results Click To Go To Conversion Chart Spectrophotometer
Slide 38 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide
Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons 4000
Spectrophotometer ON Click on the second beaker which appears to
have an intermediate density and then click the ON button on the
spectrophotometer GREEN Use the conversion chart again to convert
photons to density by clicking on the GREEN button below the table
2800 Click To Go To Conversion Chart Slide 39 Enzyme Lab Index Lab
#1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed
Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons 4000 Spectrophotometer ON ON Click on
the third beaker which appears to have the highest density and then
click the ON button on the spectrophotometer GREEN Use the
conversion chart again to convert photons to density by clicking on
the GREEN button below the table 2600 Click To Go To Conversion
Chart Slide 40 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME
LAB HOW TO USE THE TEMPERATURE PROBE 35 o 30 o Temp Slide 41 Enzyme
Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show HC 35 o 30 o Temp Hot Plate
Temperature Probe Sucrose Solution A Temperature Probe can be used
to measure the temperature of the sucrose solution A Temperature
Probe is inserted into the solution which will give measurements of
centigrade degrees Slide 42 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2
Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End
Show HC Temp Hot Plate Temperature Probe Hot Plate Click on the
beaker containing the solution to set it on the Hot Plate
Temperature Probe Now click on the Temperature Probe to insert it
into the solution Sucrose Solution 30 o Record the measure of the
temperature of the solution Slide 43 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index
Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB HOW TO USE THE HOT PLATE HC Slide 44
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show HC 35 o 30 o Temp Hot
Plate Temperature Probe Hot Plate A Hot Plate is used to heat the
solution Hot Plate Temperature can be controlled by using the dial
on the side of the Hot Plate Be very careful not to touch the Hot
Plate with your hands or you may burn yourself Sucrose Solution
Slide 45 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide
Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show HC 30 o 35 o
Temp Temperature Probe Hot Plate Click the RED KNOB on the Hot
Plate to increase the amount of heat Again insert the Temperature
Probe into the solution by clicking on it and record the
temperature Hot Plate Slide 46 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2
Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End
Show HC 35 o 30 o Insert Temperature Probe by clicking on itTemp
Photons 90003200 Turn Spectrophotometer On Hot Plate
SpectrophotometerTemperature Probe Click red knob to start hot
plate ON Familiarize yourself again with each of the instruments
below Temperature ProbeSpectrophotometer Hot Plate Insert the
Temperature Probe, Turn the Spectrophotometer on, and Turn up the
heat on the Hot Plate for practice Return to Index Slide 47 Enzyme
Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show HC 35 o 30 o Temp Photons
90004300 ON You are now ready to begin the experiment to see how
temperature effects the rate of enzyme action Click on the Yellow
button below to go to experiment #1 Click To Go To Experiment #1
Slide 48 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide
Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show In the
beaker below is a 90 mM sucrose solution which will act as the
substrate The temperature probe will be used to measure the
temperature of the substrate solution before heating it with the
Hot Plate Click on the temperature probe to measure the temperature
of the substrate and then record your results in the data table
under temperature for measurement #1 30 o Temp Click To Go To Data
Table Measurement # 1 Slide 49 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2
Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End
Show Spectrophotometer Spectrophotometer Click on the beaker with
the 90 mM sucrose solution to place it in front of the
Spectrophotometer Spectrophotomete Next turn the Spectrophotometer
on and record your data on your data sheet Photons ON 3600
Measurement # 1 Click To Go To Conversion Chart Slide 50 Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB At this point you
should have recorded the first line of data on your data sheet for
experiment #1 Data Table MeasurementTemperaturePhotonsmM of Product
13036000 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Slide 51 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1
Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show Next we will add an enzyme to the substrate
solution (Sucrose) The enzyme we will use is called INVERTASE
Invertase is an enzyme which will metabolize or break down sucrose
When sucrose is broken down the build up of metabolic by-products
causes changes in the density of the sucrose-invertase solution
Sucrose solution Invertase Slide 52 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index
Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show In the beaker below is a 90 mM sucrose solution
test tube In the test tube to the right is an enzyme called
invertase test tube Pour the invertase into the sucrose solution by
clicking on the test tube Slide 53 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index
Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show Now that the enzyme has been added we will take
the Sucrose- Invertase solution to our lab equipment to measure the
effects of increasing temperatures on enzyme activity Sucrose-
Invertase solution You will have to be quick to limit the effects
of time on the actions of the enzyme with the substrate Slide 54
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons 3600 3200 ON
HC 30 o Temp Proceed to increase the temperature of the solution in
5 degree increments by clicking on the red knob of the hot plate
Next insert the temperature probe record the temperature and then
turn the spectrophotometer on and record the new reading Insert
Temperature Probe by clicking on it and record data Turn
Spectrophotometer ON and record data Click red knob to start hot
plate 35 o Measurement # 2 Click To Go To Next Measurement Slide 55
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons 3200 2800 ON
HC 35 o Temp Proceed to increase the temperature of the solution in
5 degree increments by clicking on the red knob of the hot plate
Next insert the temperature probe record the temperature and then
turn the spectrophotometer on and record the new reading Insert
Temperature Probe by clicking on it and record dataTurn
Spectrophotometer ON and record data Click red knob to start hot
plate 40 o Measurement # 3 Click To Go To Next Measurement Slide 56
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons 2800 2200 ON
HC 40 o Temp Proceed to increase the temperature of the solution in
5 degree increments by clicking on the red knob of the hot plate
Next insert the temperature probe record the temperature and then
turn the spectrophotometer on and record the new reading Insert
Temperature Probe by clicking on it and record dataTurn
Spectrophotometer ON and record data Click red knob to start hot
plate 45 o Measurement # 4 Click To Go To Next Measurement Slide 57
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons 2200 1400 ON
HC 45 o Temp Proceed to increase the temperature of the solution in
5 degree increments by clicking on the red knob of the hot plate
Next insert the temperature probe record the temperature and then
turn the spectrophotometer on and record the new reading Insert
Temperature Probe by clicking on it and record dataTurn
Spectrophotometer ON and record data Click red knob to start hot
plate 50 o Measurement # 5 Click To Go To Next Measurement Slide 58
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons 1400 700 ON HC
50 o Temp Proceed to increase the temperature of the solution in 5
degree increments by clicking on the red knob of the hot plate Next
insert the temperature probe record the temperature and then turn
the spectrophotometer on and record the new reading Insert
Temperature Probe by clicking on it and record dataTurn
Spectrophotometer ON and record data Click red knob to start hot
plate 55 o Measurement # 6 Click To Go To Next Measurement Slide 59
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons 700200 ON HC
55 o Temp Proceed to increase the temperature of the solution in 5
degree increments by clicking on the red knob of the hot plate Next
insert the temperature probe record the temperature and then turn
the spectrophotometer on and record the new reading Insert
Temperature Probe by clicking on it and record dataTurn
Spectrophotometer ON and record data Click red knob to start hot
plate 60 o Measurement # 7 Click To Go To Next Measurement Slide 60
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons 200 100 ON HC
60 o Temp Proceed to increase the temperature of the solution in 5
degree increments by clicking on the red knob of the hot plate Next
insert the temperature probe record the temperature and then turn
the spectrophotometer on and record the new reading Insert
Temperature Probe by clicking on it and record dataTurn
Spectrophotometer ON and record data Click red knob to start hot
plate 65 o Measurement # 8 Click To Go To Next Measurement Slide 61
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons 100200 ON HC
65 o Temp Proceed to increase the temperature of the solution in 5
degree increments by clicking on the red knob of the hot plate Next
insert the temperature probe record the temperature and then turn
the spectrophotometer on and record the new reading Insert
Temperature Probe by clicking on it and record dataTurn
Spectrophotometer ON and record data Click red knob to start hot
plate 70 o Measurement # 9 Click To Go To Next Measurement Slide 62
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons 200 400 ON HC
70 o Temp Proceed to increase the temperature of the solution in 5
degree increments by clicking on the red knob of the hot plate Next
insert the temperature probe record the temperature and then turn
the spectrophotometer on and record the new reading Insert
Temperature Probe by clicking on it and record dataTurn
Spectrophotometer ON and record data Click red knob to start hot
plate 75 o Measurement # 10 Click To Go To Next Measurement Slide
63 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons 400 800 ON HC
75 o Temp Proceed to increase the temperature of the solution in 5
degree increments by clicking on the red knob of the hot plate Next
insert the temperature probe record the temperature and then turn
the spectrophotometer on and record the new reading Insert
Temperature Probe by clicking on it and record dataTurn
Spectrophotometer ON and record data Click red knob to start hot
plate 80 o Measurement # 11 Click To Go To Next Measurement Slide
64 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB At this
point you should have recorded data for 11 measurements on your
data table Next we will need to create a graph from the collected
data which will help in interpreting the results Slide 65 Enzyme
Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB We will create data
points on a graph in which we compare mM of product vs Temperature
Use the Blue button below to view a graph where you will plot your
data points You should print this graph Click to View Graph Click
to View Graph Slide 66 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index
Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show
ENZYME LAB After you have plotted all of your data points, connect
all of the points by drawing a line from one data point to the next
Your graph should look very similar to the graph shown from the
link below Click to View Graph Slide 67 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1
Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB From the graph that you have produced
create a conclusion to the experiment Did your hypothesis agree
with your results Click to View Conclusion Page Slide 68 Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB 1) What is the
optimum temperature for invertase activity? 2) Explain why
temperatures lower or higher than the optimum cause decreases in
invertase activity? 3) Do you think that if a different substrate
like glucose was used instead of sucrose, the results would be
different? Why or why not? 4) Do you think that if a different
enzyme like peptase was used instead of invertase, the results
would be different? Why of why not? Answer the following questions
and include them in your lab report Print this page Slide 69 Enzyme
Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB 1) Hypothesis 2) Data
Table 3) Graph (mM Product vs Temperature) 4) Conclusion 5) Answers
to questions 1 - 4 The following is what you should make sure that
you include in your lab report Slide 70 mM Product vs Temperature
Mm of Product Temperature in degrees Celsius 3035404550556065707580
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Click to Return to Last Slide Viewed Slide
71 ENZYME LAB REPORT EXPERIMENT #1 Hypothesis: Click To Go To Last
Viewed Slide Print this page Slide 72 ENZYME LAB REPORT EXPERIMENT
#1 Conclusion: Click To Go To Last Viewed Slide Print this page
Slide 73 ENZYME LAB REPORT Click To Go To Last Viewed Slide
Experiment #1 Data Table MeasurementTempPhotonsmM of Product 1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Print this page Slide 74 Photons % Density %
Density mM of Product 360000 340050.5 3200101.0 3000151.5 2800202.0
2600252.5 2400303.0 2200353.5 2000404.0 1800454.5 1600505.0
1400555.5 1200606.0 1000656.5 800707.0 600757.5 400808.0 200858.5
0909.0 PHOTON TO mM of PRODUCT CONVERSION CHART Click To Go To The
Last Slide Viewed Print this page Slide 75 mM Product vs
Temperature mM of Product Temperature in degrees Celsius
3035404550556065707580 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Print this page Click
to Return to Last Slide Viewed Slide 76 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1
Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB #2 pH Influences On Enzyme Activity
Slide 77 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide
Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB
#2 INDEX Lab # 2 Discussion How To Use The Spectrophotometer How To
Use The pH Probe How To Use The Eye Dropper Start Of Lab # 2
Exercise Links To Charts And Graphs Slide 78 Enzyme Lab Index Lab
#1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed
Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB 1) Hypothesis 2) Data Table 3)
Graph (mM Product vs pH) 4) Conclusion 5) Answers to questions 1 -
4 The following is what you should make sure that you include in
your lab report Slide 79 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index
Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show
ENZYME LAB Another factor besides temperature that strongly
influences enzyme activity in living cells is the pH of the
environment in which the enzyme is designed to function Changes in
pH can cause denaturation of enzymes thus reducing their activity
Slide 80 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide
Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB
For example, in humans, a cytoplasmic protein in a skin cell is
surrounded by a different fluid environment at a different pH than
a membrane-bound enzyme like Invertase with an active site that
projects out into the lumen of the small intestine Slide 81 Enzyme
Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB This exercise is
designed to help you understand the effect of pH on enzyme activity
by studying Invertase activity over a range of different pH values
from acidic to basic conditions Slide 82 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1
Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB To begin the experiment we will
determine the pH of the substrate The substrate is the chemical
material which the enzyme will be acting on Slide 83 Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB As is the case with
real experiments in a biochemistry lab, enzyme should always be
added to the substrate last to prevent the reaction from starting
before all necessary components have been added Slide 84 Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB The first thing you
will do is to develop a hypothesis to predict the effect of changes
in pH on Invertase activity Enter your hypothesis in the first line
of your lab report A hypothesis is a best guess at what you think
may be the results of the experiment Click To Go To Lab Report
Hypothesis Slide 85 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME
LAB Sucrose The substrate used in this experiment is Sucrose
Substrate concentration for sucrose for this experiment is 90
millimolar units (mM) Slide 86 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2
Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End
Show ENZYME LAB Invertase The enzyme used in this experiment is
Invertase Invertase will react with sucrose in a biochemical
reaction that results in the formation of by-products Slide 87
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB
Accumulation of by-products in the solution over time will create a
change in the relative density of the solution Spectrophotometer
This relative density can be measured by the use of a
Spectrophotometer Photons 4000 ON The use of the spectrophotometer
should be familiar to you from Experiment #1Experiment #1 Slide 88
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB pH is a
measure of the relative number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions
present in a solution Slide 89 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2
Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End
Show ENZYME LAB The more hydrogen ions there are in a solution the
more acidic the solution will act Less hydrogen ions and the more
basic the solution will react H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+
H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ OH - H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ACIDBASE Slide 90 Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB A device called a pH
meter can be used to measure the relative number of hydrogen ions
present in a solution pH of a particular solution is measured as an
inverse exponential calculation of the number of hydrogen ions 35 o
7 pH Slide 91 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide
Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB
This means that the higher the number of hydrogen ions the lower
the pH reading will be H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+
OH - H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+
H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ pH = 6pH = 5 Slide 92 Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB Thus the lower the pH
the more acidic the solution is The pH scale ranges from a low of 1
to the highest pH of 14 1471 Slide 93 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index
Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB A pH measure of 7 indicates that the
number of hydrogen ions and the number of hydroxide ions are equal
and thus the solution will not express acidic or basic tendencies
We would refer to solutions with a pH of 7 to be neutral 1471
Neutral Slide 94 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME
LAB pH measuring less than 7 would be considered acidic pH
measuring higher than 7 would be considered basic Low
concentrations of hydrogen ions High concentrations of hydrogen
ions 1471 BaseAcid Neutral Slide 95 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index
Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB HOW TO USE THE pH PROBE 35 o 7 pH
Slide 96 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide
Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show A pH Probe
can be used to measure the acidity of the sucrose solution A pH
Probe is inserted into the solution which will give measurements of
hydrogen ion concentrations 7 pH pH Meter pH Probe Slide 97 Enzyme
Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show To measure the pH of the
solution click on the pH Probe The resulting value indicated on the
pH meter can now be recorded 7 pH pH Meter pH Probe Slide 98 Enzyme
Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show In order to change the pH of the
solution to measure enzyme activity we will add a prescribed amount
of acid by using an eye dropper Below you will see a bottle of acid
solution and an eye dropper HCl Acid Solution Sucrose Solution Eye
Dropper Slide 99 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME
LAB HOW TO USE THE Eye Dropper Slide 100 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1
Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show Click on the eye dropper to sample a small amount
of acid A small amount of acid is now present in the eye dropper
Sucrose Solution Eye Dropper HCl Acid Solution Slide 101 Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Click on the eye dropper again
to present a single drop of acid to the sucrose solution We can now
resample the sucrose solution for a change in pH Sucrose Solution
HCl Acid Solution Slide 102 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2
Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End
Show To measure effect of pH on enzyme activity we will use a pH
meter to measure acidity of the solution In order to measure the
amount of product produced we will once again use a
spectrophotometer as we had used in Experiment #1 Photons 4300 ON
Spectrophotometer 7 pH pH Meter pH Probe Sucrose Solution Slide 103
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons 4300 ON You
are now ready for experiment # 2 Sucrose Solution Eye Dropper You
will be using the eye dropper to increase pH levels of the sucrose
invertase solution You will use the pH meter to measure pH and the
spectrophotometer to measure enzyme activity 7 pH pH Meter
Spectrophotometer Click To Go To Experiment #2 pH Probe Base
Solution Acid Solution Slide 104 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab
#2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial
End Show We will be adding an enzyme to the substrate solution
(Sucrose) The enzyme we will use is called INVERTASE Invertase is
an enzyme which will metabolize or break down sucrose When sucrose
is broken down the build up of metabolic by-products causes changes
in the density of the sucrose-invertase solution Sucrose solution
Invertase The substrate solution we will use is a 90 mM sucrose
solution Slide 105 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show test
tube In the test tube to the right is an enzyme called invertase
test tube Pour the invertase into the sucrose solution by clicking
on the test tube Turn the timer on by clicking on the blue button
on top of the timer and wait for 2 minutes While you are waiting
you can check the pH by going to the next slide Slide 106 Enzyme
Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show 7 pH Insert the pH Probe by
clicking on the probe Record the pH in your Data Table in the row
for Measurement #1 When the timer has buzzed and stopped go to the
next slide to test the solution for density Two Minutes have
elapsed Slide 107 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons
1600 ON 7 pH Turn the spectrophotometer on and record the
measurement in photons in your Data Table for Measurement #1 You
will need to use a conversion chart to find the amount of product
produced Slide 108 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End ShowPhotons
1600 ON 7 pH GREEN You can find the conversion chart by using the
GREEN button below At this point you will have completed one
measurement for a single pH value Click to View Conversion Chart
Slide 109 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide
Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show MEASUREMENT
# 2 We have now acquired a fresh solution of 90 mM sucrose Add one
drop of acid to the sucrose solution by clicking on the eye dropper
HCl Acid Solution Slide 110 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2
Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End
Show MEASUREMENT # 2 Add the invertase enzyme by clicking on the
test tube Now click on the timer and go to the next slide Slide 111
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Click To Go To
Measurement #3 MEASUREMENT # 2 Measure and record the pH of the
solution by clicking on the pH probe When the timer has buzzed
click on the spectrophotometer to measure and record the density
Photons 1200 ON 6 pH Two Minutes have elapsed Slide 112 Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB At this point your
Data Sheet should look like below with two measurements evaluated
Experiment #2 Data Table MeasurementpHPhotonsmM of Product 1716005
2612006 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Click To Go To Measurement #3 Slide 113
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Click To Go To
Measurement #3 We will now proceed with measurements 3 - 10 The
procedure will be to: 1) add a measured amount of acid or base to
the substrate 2) add enzyme to the substrate 3) start timer for
substrate enzyme action 4) measure and record pH with pH meter 5)
measure and record density with the spectrophotometer ON 6 pH
Photons 4300 Slide 114 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index
Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show
MEASUREMENT # 3 We have acquired a fresh solution of 90 mM sucrose
Add two drops of acid to the sucrose solution by clicking on the
eye dropper HCl Acid Solution Slide 115 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1
Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show MEASUREMENT # 3 Add the invertase enzyme by
clicking on the test tube Now click on the timer and go to the next
slide Slide 116 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Click
To Go To Measurement #4 MEASUREMENT # 3 Measure and record the pH
of the solution by clicking on the pH probe When the timer has
buzzed click on the spectrophotometer to measure and record the
density Photons 1000 ON 5 pH Two Minutes have elapsed Slide 117
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show MEASUREMENT # 4 We
have acquired another fresh solution of 90 mM sucrose Add four
drops of acid to the sucrose solution by clicking on the eye
dropper Slide 118 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show
MEASUREMENT # 4 Add the invertase enzyme by clicking on the test
tube Now click on the timer and go to the next slide Slide 119
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show MEASUREMENT # 4
Measure and record the pH of the solution by clicking on the pH
probe When the timer has buzzed click on the spectrophotometer to
measure and record the density Photons 1200 ON 4 pH Two Minutes
have elapsed Click To Go To Measurement #5 Slide 120 Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show MEASUREMENT # 5 We have acquired
another fresh solution of 90 mM sucrose Add seven drops of acid to
the sucrose solution by clicking on the eye dropper Slide 121
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show MEASUREMENT # 5 Add
the invertase enzyme by clicking on the test tube Now click on the
timer and go to the next slide Slide 122 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1
Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show Click To Go To Measurement #6 MEASUREMENT # 5
Measure and record the pH of the solution by clicking on the pH
probe When the timer has buzzed click on the spectrophotometer to
measure and record the density Photons 1600 ON 3 pH Two Minutes
have elapsed Slide 123 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index
Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show
MEASUREMENT # 6 We have acquired another fresh solution of 90 mM
sucrose Add eleven drops of acid to the sucrose solution by
clicking on the eye dropper Slide 124 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index
Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show MEASUREMENT # 6 Add the invertase enzyme by
clicking on the test tube Now click on the timer and go to the next
slide Slide 125 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Click
To Go To Measurement #7 MEASUREMENT # 6 Measure and record the pH
of the solution by clicking on the pH probe When the timer has
buzzed click on the spectrophotometer to measure and record the
density Photons 3200 ON 2 pH Two Minutes have elapsed Slide 126
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show MEASUREMENT # 7 We
have acquired another fresh solution of 90 mM sucrose Add nineteen
drops of acid to the sucrose solution by clicking on the eye
dropper Slide 127 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show
MEASUREMENT # 7 Add the invertase enzyme by clicking on the test
tube Now click on the timer and go to the next slide Slide 128
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Click To Go To
Measurement #8 MEASUREMENT # 7 Measure and record the pH of the
solution by clicking on the pH probe When the timer has buzzed
click on the spectrophotometer to measure and record the density
Photons 3600 ON 1 pH Two Minutes have elapsed Slide 129 Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show MEASUREMENT # 8 We have acquired
another fresh solution of 90 mM sucrose Add one drop of base to the
sucrose solution by clicking on the eye dropper NaOH Base Slide 130
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show MEASUREMENT # 8 Add
the invertase enzyme by clicking on the test tube Now click on the
timer and go to the next slide Slide 131 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1
Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show Click To Go To Measurement #9 MEASUREMENT # 8
Measure and record the pH of the solution by clicking on the pH
probe When the timer has buzzed click on the spectrophotometer to
measure and record the density Photons 2400 ON 8 pH Two Minutes
have elapsed Slide 132 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index
Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show
MEASUREMENT # 9 We have acquired another fresh solution of 90 mM
sucrose Add five drops of base to the sucrose solution by clicking
on the eye dropper NaOH Base Slide 133 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1
Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show MEASUREMENT # 9 Add the invertase enzyme by
clicking on the test tube Now click on the timer and go to the next
slide Slide 134 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Click
To Go To Measurement #10 MEASUREMENT # 9 Measure and record the pH
of the solution by clicking on the pH probe When the timer has
buzzed click on the spectrophotometer to measure and record the
density Photons 2800 ON 9 pH Two Minutes have elapsed Slide 135
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show MEASUREMENT # 10 We
have acquired another fresh solution of 90 mM sucrose Add eleven
drops of base to the sucrose solution by clicking on the eye
dropper NaOH Base Slide 136 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2
Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End
Show MEASUREMENT # 10 Add the invertase enzyme by clicking on the
test tube Now click on the timer and go to the next slide Slide 137
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show MEASUREMENT # 10
Measure and record the pH of the solution by clicking on the pH
probe When the timer has buzzed click on the spectrophotometer to
measure and record the density Photons 3600 ON 10 pH Two Minutes
have elapsed Click To Go To Next Slide You have finished collecting
data for experiment #1 Slide 138 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab
#2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial
End Show ENZYME LAB At this point you should have recorded data for
10 measurements on your data table Next we will need to create a
graph from the collected data which will help in interpreting the
results Slide 139 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME
LAB We will create data points on a graph in which we compare mM of
product vs pH Use the Blue button below to view a graph where you
will plot your data points You should print this graph Click to
View Graph Click to View Graph Slide 140 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1
Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB After you have plotted all of your
data points, connect all of the points by drawing a line from one
data point to the next Your graph should look very similar to the
graph shown from the link below Click to View Graph Slide 141
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB From the
graph that you have produced create a conclusion to the experiment
Did your hypothesis agree with your results Click to View
Conclusion Page Slide 142 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2
Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End
Show ENZYME LAB 1) What is the optimum pH for invertase activity?
2) Explain why pH lower or higher than the optimum cause decreases
in invertase activity 3) Do you think that if a different substrate
like glucose was used instead of sucrose, the results would be
different? Why or why not? 4) Do you think that if a different
enzyme like peptase was used instead of invertase, the results
would be different? Why of why not? Answer the following questions
and include them in your lab report Print this page Slide 143
ENZYME LAB 1) Hypothesis 2) Data Table 3) Graph (mM Product vs pH)
4) Conclusion 5) Answers to questions 1 - 4 The following is what
you should make sure that you include in your lab report 142 Enzyme
Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Previous Slide Last Slide
Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Slide 144 ENZYME LAB REPORT EXPERIMENT
#2 Hypothesis: Print this page Click To Go To Last Viewed Slide
Slide 145 ENZYME LAB REPORT EXPERIMENT #2 Conclusion: Click To Go
To Last Viewed Slide Print this page Slide 146 ENZYME LAB REPORT
Experiment #2 Data Table MeasurementpHPhotonsmM of Product 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 Print this page Click To Go To Last Viewed Slide Slide
147 Photons % Density % Density mM of Product 360000 340050.5
3200101.0 3000151.5 2800202.0 2600252.5 2400303.0 2200353.5
2000404.0 1800454.5 1600505.0 1400555.5 1200606.0 1000656.5
800707.0 600757.5 400808.0 200858.5 0909.0 PHOTON TO mM of PRODUCT
CONVERSION CHART Click To Go To The Last Slide Viewed Print this
page Slide 148 mM Product vs pH Mm of Product pH 12345678910 0 1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Click To Go To Last Viewed Slide Print this page
Slide 149 mM Product vs pH Mm of Product pH 12345678910 0 1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 Click To Go To Last Viewed Slide Slide 150 Enzyme Lab Index
Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide
Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME TUTORIAL HOW ENZYMES WORK 149
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Slide 151 Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show HOW ENZYMES WORK Essential
points about enzymes : All enzymes are proteins Each enzyme has a
specific catalytic action Their normal activity depends on their
environment Abnormal conditions cause reduced activity Slide 152
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show HOW ENZYMES WORK
Slide 153 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide
Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show HOW ENZYMES
WORK Enzymes are globular proteins They have an area, usually
thought of as a pocket-shaped gap in the molecule, which is called
the active site Slide 154 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2
Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End
Show HOW ENZYMES WORK Only the substrate fits into the active site
The enzyme speeds up the process of conversion of substrates into
products Slide 155 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show HOW
ENZYMES WORK Although the enzyme obviously joins with the substrate
for a short while, the enzyme and substrate split apart afterwards,
releasing the enzyme Thus the enzyme is not used up in the process,
so it can continue to react if more substrate is provided Slide 156
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show HOW ENZYMES WORK
Within the normal range, changes in temperature, pH, and
concentrations of substrate and enzyme affect the rate of reaction
in accordance with predictable interactions between enzyme and
substrate molecules Slide 157 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2
Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End
Show HOW ENZYMES WORK The effects of temperature may be explained
on the basis of kinetic theory Increased temperature increases the
speed of molecular movement and thus the chances of molecular
collisions, so within a narrow range (often 0-45 C), the rate of
reaction is proportional to the temperature Slide 158 Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show HOW ENZYMES WORK It is often
said that an enzyme's rate of reaction doubles for every 10 C rise
in temperature denaturation However, the interaction between this
positive effect of increased temperature and the negative effect of
denaturation results in a different situation Enzymes may be said
to have an optimum temperature for their action Slide 159 Enzyme
Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show HOW ENZYMES WORK Changes in the
pH probably affect the attraction between the substrate and enzyme,
and thus the efficiency of the conversion process Often, there is
an optimum pH Near to pH 7 (neutral) Slide 160 Enzyme Lab Index Lab
#1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed
Lab Tutorial End Show HOW ENZYMES WORK Above normal temperatures
(60 C), heat alters irreversibly the enzyme molecule This
denaturation is due to molecular vibrations (caused by heat) which
change the shape of the protein, altering the folding and internal
cross-linkages in its polypeptide chains Slide 161 Enzyme Lab Index
Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide
Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show HOW ENZYMES WORK These changes,
especially in the region of the active site, mean that the enzyme
is inactivated, even when returned to normal temperature It would
be wrong to say that an enzyme is KILLED by heat, since it is only
a molecule, not an organism Slide 162 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index
Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab
Tutorial End Show HOW ENZYMES WORK The higher the temperature to
which the enzyme is subjected and the longer the heating is
continued, the greater the proportion of damaged enzyme molecules
and the result is that the conversion process becomes less and less
efficient Slide 163 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show HOW
ENZYMES WORK Below normal temperatures, enzymes become less and
less active, due to reductions in speed of molecular movement, but
this is reversible, so enzymes work effectively when returned to
normal temperature Slide 164 HOW ENZYMES WORK Enzymes are sometimes
adversely affected by other chemical substances which combine with
them, either at their active site or by altering the overall shape
of their molecule Many drugs, poisons and pH changes have their
effect in this way Enzyme Tutorial is Over Return to Index Slide
165 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Extra slides Slide
166 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show ENZYME LAB #1 INDEX
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Slide 167 Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Mm of Product Temperature in
degrees Celsius 3035404550556065707580 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Slide
168 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Mm of Product
Temperature in degrees Celsius 3035404550556065707580 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 Slide 169 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Click
to add 5 0 35 o 40 o 45 o 50 o mM Product Temperature 35 o 40 o 45
o 50 o Slide 170 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show HC 35
o 30 o Insert Temperature Probe by clicking on itTemp Photons
45004300 Turn Spectrophotometer On Hot Plate Spectrophotometer
Temperature Probe Click red knob to start hot plate ON Slide 171
Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous
Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show HC 35 o 30 o Insert
Temperature Probe by clicking on itTemp Photons 45004300 Turn
Spectrophotometer On Hot Plate Spectrophotometer Temperature Probe
Click red knob to start hot plate ON Slide 172 Enzyme Lab Index Lab
#1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed
Lab Tutorial End Show Mm of Product Temperature in degrees Celsius
3035404550556065707580 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Slide 173 Enzyme Lab
Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show Extra slides Slide 174 Enzyme
Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last
Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show mM Product vs pH Mm of Product
pH 1234567891011 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Slide 175 Enzyme Lab Index
Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next Slide Previous Slide Last Slide
Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show HC Temp Hot Plate Temperature Probe
Hot Plate Click on the beaker containing the solution to set it on
the Hot Plate Temperature Probe Now click on the Temperature Probe
to insert it into the solution Sucrose Solution 30 o Record the
measure of the temperature of the solution Click To Go To Next
Slide Slide 176 Enzyme Lab Index Lab #1 Index Lab #2 Index Next
Slide Previous Slide Last Slide Viewed Lab Tutorial End Show 7
Insert pH Probe by clicking on itpH Photons 4300 Turn
Spectrophotometer On pH Meter Spectrophotometer pH Probe Click eye
dropper to add acid ON
