21
Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses (- An Inconvenient Truth -) Ivelina Momcheva (University of Arizona) In collaboration with: Ann Zabludoff (Arizona), Kurtis Willams (Texas), Chuck Keeton (Rutgers), Catherine Grant (MIT), Christy Tremonty (Arizona)

Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    6

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses

(­ An Inconvenient Truth ­)

Ivelina Momcheva(University of Arizona)

In collaboration with: Ann Zabludoff (Arizona), Kurtis Willams (Texas), Chuck Keeton (Rutgers), Catherine Grant (MIT), Christy Tremonty (Arizona)

Page 2: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Which strong lenses?

Observer

Quasar

Lens galaxy

z ~ 1­5

z ~ 0.1­0.8

I1

I2

''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

nebulae offer a much better chance than stars for the observation

of gravitational lens effects.''F. Zwicky, 1937, in ''Nebulae as Gravitational Lenses''

Lens equation: β=θ­α(θ)

θα

β

Page 3: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Motivation• Sample increases (SDSS 

– 17 (100 expected), LSST – 1500 expected)

• Masses and shapes of DM halos

• Time delays and H0• Microlensing, 

substructure and flux anomalies

Inada 2005, 2006; Oguri 2004Koopmans et al., 2006Fohlmeister et al., 2006Fohlmeister et al, 2006B2045, McKean et al., 2006

Page 4: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

• What are the environments in which lens galaxies reside?• Lenses not isolated, > 23% in dense environments 

(Keeton, Christlein & Zabludoff 2000)field ~77%groups ~20%clusters ~3%

• Biases and uncertainties (Keeton & Zabludoff, 2004)

• Both convergence κ and shear γ need to be included

But …

With shear With convergence Group included

Page 5: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Importance of line­of­sight structures• Line­of­sight structures produce large convergence κ and shear 

γ (≥ 0.05 in green and yellow)

• κ adds as scalar but γ adds in quadrature, so κ rises faster.PG1115, zl = 0.31, zs = 1.7 (Momcheva et al. 2005)

Redshift offset Δ z = z_lens – z_perturber

Impa

ct p

aram

eter

b [“

]

Page 6: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Survey I

• 69 CASTLES lenses• Most 0.04<z<0.9• ~17 sq. deg.• 2 bands• I > 24 mag• 30 (2­image) + 21 (4­

image) + 10 (Ring) + 8 (other)

• 14 time­delay lenses

0.5 deg. HST12531

Page 7: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Survey II

• 28 lenses followed up spectroscopically

• 0.11<z<0.84• ~17,000 spectra• 32 groups confirmed• 12 (2­image) + 8 (4­

image) + 3 (Ring) + 5 (other)

• 8 time­delay lenses

Page 8: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Lens Environments

• Doubles

• Quads

• Others

B1152z=0.44

CASTLES Survey (Kochanek et al.)

Page 9: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Lens Environments

• Doubles

• Quads

• Others

B1152z=0.44

CASTLES Survey (Kochanek et al.)

FBQ0951z=0.24

BRI0952z=0.41

SBS1520z=0.72

B1600z=0.41

HE2149z=0.5

B1152z=0.44

B0712z=0.41

PG1115z=0.31

H1413z=0.?

B1422z=0.34

B1608z=0.63

HST14113z=0.46

B0751z=0.35

2R

MG1131z=0.8

2R

MG1654z=0.25

R

PMN2004z=?2R

B2114z=0.34

2+2

MG1549z=0.11

R

FBQ0951z=0.24

BRI0952z=0.41

SBS1520z=0.72

B1600z=0.41

HE2149z=0.5

B1152z=0.44

B0712z=0.41

PG1115z=0.31

H1413z=0.?

B1422z=0.34

B1608z=0.63

HST14113z=0.46

B0751z=0.35

2R

MG1131z=0.8

2R

MG1654z=0.25

R

PMN2004z=?2R

B2114z=0.34

2+2

MG1549z=0.11

R

Page 10: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Lens Environments

κgrp, γgrp > 0.05

κgrp, γgrp > 0.05

κgrp, γgrp > 0.05

Redshift z

Num

ber o

f gal

axies

Momcheva et al., 2006

Page 11: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Lens Environments – PG1115

κgrp, γgrp > 0.05

Redshift

Num

ber  

of 

gala

xies

Momcheva et al., 2006Williams et al., 2006

Page 12: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Lens Environments – HST14113

κgrp, γgrp > 0.05

Num

ber  

of 

gala

xies

Redshift

Momcheva et al., in prepWilliams et al., in prep.

Page 13: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Momcheva et al., 2006

κgrp, γgrp > 0.5

Redshift

Num

ber  

of g

alax

iesInterloping Structures

k eff/κ

=γef

f/γ

Page 14: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Num

ber  

of 

gala

xies

Interloping structures – FBQ0951

κgrp, γgrp > 0.05

Redshift Momcheva et al., in prepWilliams et al., 2006

I mag

Page 15: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Results

• Characterized lens environments• 4­image lenses problematic more often• ~50% of lenses in groups which affect lens 

potential• ~50% along dense lines of sight• ~10 % interlopers affect lens potential

Page 16: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Golden Lenses?• Exclude/account for interlopers and environment

Convergence Convergence

Num

ber o

f len

ses

Num

ber o

f len

ses

Page 17: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

The Kitchen­Sink Model

• Include group galaxies and group halo

RA offset (arcsec)

Dec

 offs

et (a

rcse

c)

PG1115, Cangi et al., in prep.

Page 18: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Group Evolution

• Few z>0.1 groups• Simple environments• Mergers, tidal interactions dominant• Preprocessing of cluster galaxies

E. GrebelMulchaey & Zabludoff

Page 19: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Observing Group Evolution Directly• z=0.25 – 0.5• Span a range of σ• BGG is early type • BGG is not the lens in all 

but two cases.• There are evolved groups 

but not all

RA offset (arcsec)

Dec

 offs

et (a

rcse

c)

Velocity dispersion

BGG

 offs

et (k

pc)

Page 20: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Group evolution – future work

Page 21: Environments of Strong Gravitational Lenses · Which strong lenses? Observer Quasar Lens galaxy z ~ 15 z ~ 0.10.8 I 1 I 2 ''... I made some calculations which show that extragalactic

Conclusions

• Characterized lens environments• ~50% of lenses in groups which affect lens 

potential• ~10 % interlopers affect lens potential• Can we find a golden (unperturbed) lens?• Or can we guild (model) it?• New sample of intermediate­z groups