MGT 682 Environmental Management

Environmental Management Measures Design for Reducing Vehicular Air

Pollution in Dhaka City

INTRODUCTION

According to The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates urban outdoor air pollution is causing 1.3 million deaths worldwide per year

Air pollution is one of the major reasons for Dhaka to be ranked as second worst city in the world

The lives of the city dwellers have been hampered due to air contamination, particularly vehicular air pollution and dust pollution

INTRODUCTION

A recent study by BBS on ‘Risk assessment of particulatematter and other causes of air pollution’ found thatpollution is causing

74,000 cases of chronic bronchitis, about 70 million cases of restricted activity days

about 14,000 cases of respiratory diseases

over 286,000 emergency room visits

about 2.8 million cases of asthma attacks and over 220 million respiratory symptom days each year in the capital alone

pollution entails economic losses to 3-4 per cent of the country's national GDP

Major Pollutants and Health Effects

Pollutants Health Effects

Particulate matter

Cardiopulmonary diseases, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, lung cancer

NO2 Respiratory illness & lung tissue damage

COCardiovascular and coronary problems, increase risk of stroke and impair learning ability, dexterity and sleep

SO2Asthma and chronic bronchitis

OzoneInterferes with respiratory functions reduced lung capacity

ANNUAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY TRENDParticulate Matters

Figure 1 Annual Average Ambient PM10 levels inDhaka and Chittagong in 2002-2007 (μg/m3)

Figure 2 Annual Average Ambient PM2.5 levels in Dhaka

and Chittagong in 2002-2007 (μg/m3)

ANNUAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY TRENDNO2 & SO2

Figure 3: Seasonal Variations in NO2 concentrations in Dhaka (PPB)

Figure 4: Monthly SO2 concentrations in Dhaka (PPB)

VEHICULAR A IR POLLUTION IN DHAKA C ITY

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Years

NUMBER OF YEARWISE REGISTERED MOTOR VEHICLES IN DHAKA

Motor Car Motorcycle Bus Minibus Truck

VEHICULAR A IR POLLUTION IN DHAKA C ITY

PROBLEMS

Lack of public transport

Traffic congestion

CNG price hike

High bus fareVehicular emission

ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT MEASURES

• Facilitating Public Transport

Reducing total transport demand

• Increasing demand for fuel efficient car

• Vehicle emission control

• Promotion of cleaner alternative fuel

Reducing emission

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES

FACILITATING PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Reg

ula

tory

- Restriction on registration of new motorcycles.

- Establishing laws which will prohibit use of more than one car per family.

Eco

no

mic

Suas

ive

- Parking fees for motorcycle- Higher taxes on private cars-Congestion charges- Higher price for gasoline- Lower CNG price for public transports- Reduce the operational costs of CNG run public transports

-Public awarenesscreation

-Education in schools and universities for use of public transport

- Car Sharing

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES

INCREASE DEMAND FOR FUEL EFFICIENT CARS

Regulatory

• Restriction on importing environment damaging vehicles.

Economic

• Incentive to sellers by charging lower import duties

• Incentive to buyers by charging lower tax rate & minimum registration fees

Suasive

• Make people aware of the benefits of using a fuel efficient car (i.e., greener, cheaper, low repair cost etc.)

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES

VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL

• Tightening the emission standards

• Banning old vehicles from streets

• Strict schedule for inspection and maintenance

• Restriction on importing and distributing high sulfur diesel

Regulatory

• High import duty on diesel vehicles

• Higher taxes on low quality and old vehicles

• Grant subsidy for installing emission control devices

• Subsidy to facilitate phasing out low quality and old vehicles

Economic

• Encourage drivers to turn off their engine while they stuck in trafficSuasive

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES

PROMOTION OF LPG GAS

CONCLUSION

Urban PlanningAlternative form

of Transport

Investment on Automotive

Industry

Participation of all Stakeholders

THANK YOU!