Environmental auditing Prepared by: Halim Al-Deeb

Environmental Environmental auditingauditing

Prepared by:Halim Al-Deeb

Environmental auditing• Introduction• Background• Detailed Definitions• Areas of environmental auditing• Types of audits• Environmental auditing procedures• Audit protocols, methods and tools• Environmental Auditing and Environmental Management

Systems (EMS)• ISO 14001• The benefits of auditing

Environmental auditingEnvironmental auditing

Introduction• Environmental auditing is an attempt to provide information

on the environmental performance of a company, and thus include environmental issues in the decision making process.

• An environmental audit assesses the nature and extent of harm to the environment caused by the activities, wastes or noise from a particular company.

• • Environmental audits must be independent, objective,

credible and transparent in order to be successful. Audits should also be regular and ongoing.

Environmental auditingEnvironmental auditingBackground

• Environmental auditing originated in the United States and in Western Europe in the 1970s.

• In that period the developed countries were adopting the environmental legislation in order to reduce the harmful

consequences of the companies' actions that had affected the environment.

• Environmental auditing was introduced to the rest of the world by multi-national companies which demand that their subsidiaries and suppliers have green credentials.

BackgroundBackground• More recently, environmental auditing has been used as anMore recently, environmental auditing has been used as an extremely valuable tool for assessing a company's extremely valuable tool for assessing a company's environmental management systems, policy, and equipment. environmental management systems, policy, and equipment. It provides the company with recommendations on how it can It provides the company with recommendations on how it can improve its environmental management practices, and reduce improve its environmental management practices, and reduce the impact that a company is having on the environment. the impact that a company is having on the environment.

• Greater awareness and understanding of environmentalGreater awareness and understanding of environmental issues have led the supreme audit institutions (SAIs) to issues have led the supreme audit institutions (SAIs) to introduce the environmental auditing in the public sector. introduce the environmental auditing in the public sector.


Detailed DefinitionsDetailed Definitions::

The term 'environmental auditing' is a broad one. Many definitions cover auditing in the private and public sector.

Private sector environmental auditing has been variously defined as:

-a systematic, documented, periodic and objective evaluation of the performance of the organisation, management system and processes designed to protect the environment



public sector environmental auditingpublic sector environmental auditing

In the public sector, two forms of auditing have been defined:In the public sector, two forms of auditing have been defined:

1-1-External auditExternal audit::

an assessment of the condition of the local environment, and an assessment of the condition of the local environment, and

2-2-Internal auditInternal audit: :

consisting of consisting of 'Policy Impact Assessment','Policy Impact Assessment', a review of the a review of the activities (objectives, services, practices and policies) of the activities (objectives, services, practices and policies) of the authority related to the environment protection as well as authority related to the environment protection as well as 'Management Audit','Management Audit', a review of the procedures by which a review of the procedures by which environmental policies are managed by the authority.environmental policies are managed by the authority.


Typically public sector audits cover a number of targets such as:Typically public sector audits cover a number of targets such as:• energy use;energy use;

• recycling; recycling;

• hardwoods from sustainable sources; hardwoods from sustainable sources;

• environmental education; environmental education;

• habitat conservation and creation; habitat conservation and creation;

• green purchasing; and green purchasing; and traffic calming.traffic calming.

Areas of environmental auditing• Areas of environmental auditing normally include:

• Material management, savings and alternatives;

• Energy management and savings;

• Water management and economy of use;

• Waste generation, management and disposal;

• Noise reduction, evaluation and control (internal and external);

Environmental auditing


Air emissions and indoor air quality; Air emissions and indoor air quality;

Transportation and travelling practices; Transportation and travelling practices;

Staff awareness, participation and training in environmental Staff awareness, participation and training in environmental issues; issues;

Environmental information publicity; Environmental information publicity;

Public enquiry and complaints response; and EnvironmentalPublic enquiry and complaints response; and Environmental management system set up, suitability and performance. management system set up, suitability and performance.


Types of auditsTypes of audits::1- Compliance audit:

the most common type of audit. it consists of checks against environmental legislation and company policy. Compliance audits may be multimedia or programmatic. Multimedia audits involve identifying and auditing all environmental media (air, water, waste, etc.) that apply to the operation/company. Programmatic audits (which may also be called thematic or media-specific) are limited in scope to specific areas, such as air.

Types of auditsTypes of audits::• issues audit: an evaluation of how a company's activities relate to a specific environmental issue such as global pollution or energy use;

• site audit: an audit of a particular site to examine actual or potential environmental problems;

• due diligence audit: an assessment of potential environmental and financial risks and liabilities carried out because of a company merger or site acquisition or divestiture (e.g. contaminated land remediation costs);

product or life cycle auditproduct or life cycle audit: : an analysis of environmental impacts of a product an analysis of environmental impacts of a product throughout all stages of its design, production, use and throughout all stages of its design, production, use and disposal, including its reuse and recyclingdisposal, including its reuse and recycling..

Types of auditsTypes of audits::

Environmental auditing procedures

THE SCOPE AND STYLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING THE SCOPE AND STYLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING VARY ACCORDING TO THE CIRCUMSTANCES, VARY ACCORDING TO THE CIRCUMSTANCES, BUT COMMON STAGES AND ACTIVITIES INCLUDE:BUT COMMON STAGES AND ACTIVITIES INCLUDE:

Pre-audit stage•full management commitment;• •setting overall goals, objectives, scope and priorities;

•selecting a team to ensure objectivity and professional competence;

Audit stageAudit stage1- on-site audit, well defined and1- on-site audit, well defined and systematic using protocols or systematic using protocols or checklists; checklists;

2- review of documents and records; 2- review of documents and records; 3- review of policies; 3- review of policies;

4- interviews; 4- interviews;

5- site inspection; 5- site inspection;

Environmental auditing procedures

Environmental auditing proceduresEnvironmental auditing procedures

Post- audit stagePost- audit stage

• evaluation of findings;

• reporting with recommendations;

• preparation of an action plan; and follow-up.

Audit protocols, methods and tools:Audit protocols, methods and tools:• The term "protocol" means the checklist used by The term "protocol" means the checklist used by environmental auditors as the guide for conducting the audit environmental auditors as the guide for conducting the audit activities. activities.

• Current technology supports many versions of computer-Current technology supports many versions of computer-based protocols that attempt to simplify the audit process by based protocols that attempt to simplify the audit process by converting regulatory requirements into questions with "yes", converting regulatory requirements into questions with "yes", "no" and "not applicable" check boxes. "no" and "not applicable" check boxes.

• Other auditors use permits directly as protocols.Other auditors use permits directly as protocols.

• In the US, permits for air emissions, wastewater discharges In the US, permits for air emissions, wastewater discharges and other operational aspects may establish the primary legal and other operational aspects may establish the primary legal compliance standards for companies. compliance standards for companies.

• During the past 20 years, advances in technologyDuring the past 20 years, advances in technology have had major impacts on auditing. Laptop have had major impacts on auditing. Laptop computers, portable printers, CD/DVDs, the internet, computers, portable printers, CD/DVDs, the internet, email and wireless internet access have all been email and wireless internet access have all been used to improve audits, increase auditor access to used to improve audits, increase auditor access to regulatory information and create audit reports regulatory information and create audit reports on-site. on-site.

Audit protocols, methods and tools:Audit protocols, methods and tools:

Environmental Auditing and Environmental Management Systems (EMS)

An EMS is a tool designed to enable organizations toAn EMS is a tool designed to enable organizations to achieve continuous improvement in environmental achieve continuous improvement in environmental performance. performance.

It is one integrated management process with a number It is one integrated management process with a number of stages, which includes an environmental audit. of stages, which includes an environmental audit.

The stages of the standard environmental The stages of the standard environmental management systemsmanagement systems are to are to::

1- adopt an environmental policy that promotes commitment to 1- adopt an environmental policy that promotes commitment to continual improvement in environmental performance;continual improvement in environmental performance;

2- undertake an environmental review to identify significant 2- undertake an environmental review to identify significant environmental issues;environmental issues;

3- set up environmental programs of objectives, targets and 3- set up environmental programs of objectives, targets and actions;actions;

4- establish an environmental management system to ensure the 4- establish an environmental management system to ensure the implementation of the necessary actions to achieve these implementation of the necessary actions to achieve these objectives;objectives;

5- undertake periodic environmental audits to assess the 5- undertake periodic environmental audits to assess the performance of such components;performance of such components;

The stages of the standard environmental The stages of the standard environmental management systemsmanagement systems are to are to

6- prepare an environmental statement on environmental performance; and obtain independent verification of the environmental statement.

ISO 14001ISO 14001

ISO 14001 is ISO 14001 is a voluntary international a voluntary international standard for environmental management standard for environmental management systems ("EMS"). It provides the requirements systems ("EMS"). It provides the requirements for an EMS. for an EMS.

An EMS meeting the requirements of ISO An EMS meeting the requirements of ISO 14001:2004 is a management tool enabling an 14001:2004 is a management tool enabling an organization of any size or type to:organization of any size or type to:

An EMS meeting the requirements of ISO An EMS meeting the requirements of ISO 14001:2004 is a management tool enabling an 14001:2004 is a management tool enabling an organization of any size or type to:organization of any size or type to:(1) identify and control the environmental impact of its (1) identify and control the environmental impact of its activities, products or services;activities, products or services; (2) improve its environmental performance continually, and (2) improve its environmental performance continually, and

(3) Implement a systematic approach to setting (3) Implement a systematic approach to setting environmental objectives and targets, to achieving these environmental objectives and targets, to achieving these and to demonstrating that they have been achieved.and to demonstrating that they have been achieved.

The goal of ISO 14001 implementation is to obtain The goal of ISO 14001 implementation is to obtain certification.certification.

The benefits of environmental auditing include:The benefits of environmental auditing include:1- 1- ensuring compliance, not only with laws, regulations and ensuring compliance, not only with laws, regulations and standards, but also with company policies and the requirements of standards, but also with company policies and the requirements of an Environmental Management System (EMS) standard;an Environmental Management System (EMS) standard;

2- 2- enabling environmental problems and risks to be anticipated enabling environmental problems and risks to be anticipated and responses planned;and responses planned;

3- to demonstrate that an organization is aware of its impact upon 3- to demonstrate that an organization is aware of its impact upon the environment through providing feedback; the environment through providing feedback;

The benefits of auditing : :

..

44 - -increased awareness amongst stakeholders; and increased awareness amongst stakeholders; and

5- more efficient resource use and financial 5- more efficient resource use and financial savings. Improved environmental practices and savings. Improved environmental practices and environment friendly technology often save money environment friendly technology often save money in the long runin the long run..

The benefits of environmental auditing include:


IntroductionIntroduction

Background Background

Detailed DefinitionsDetailed Definitions

Areas of environmental auditingAreas of environmental auditing

Types of auditsTypes of audits

Environmental auditing proceduresEnvironmental auditing proceduresAudit protocols, methods and toolsAudit protocols, methods and tools

Environmental Auditing and Environmental Management Environmental Auditing and Environmental Management Systems (EMS)Systems (EMS)

ISO 14001ISO 14001The benefits of auditingThe benefits of auditing

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Environmental auditing Prepared by: Halim Al-Deeb