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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Enterprise IT Architectures
Enterprise Architecture (EA) – Level Set
Dr. Hans-Peter HoidnExecutive ArchitectIBM Software Group
© 2011 IBM Corporation2
Enterprise IT Architectures
I. Positioning Enterprise Architecture (EA)
II. Enterprise Architecture – Methodologies
III. Enterprise Architecture – Architectures
Agenda
© 2011 IBM Corporation3
Enterprise IT Architectures
Positioning Enterprise Architecture (EA)
© 2011 IBM Corporation4
Enterprise IT Architectures
Enterprise Architecture
Doing the right things right
© 2011 IBM Corporation5
Enterprise IT Architectures
Why EA – “Enterprise Architecture”
EA is helping enterprises do the right things right
EA is a holistic approach to the control and co-ordination of IT based business projects
Enterprise Architects with a sense of what the enterprise needs to be and do, and how IT should be used in a wider sense
Avoiding results like:
© 2011 IBM Corporation6
Enterprise IT Architectures
'If you don't know where you're going, any road will get you there.'Lewis Carroll
This house may function, but…
Does it meet business objectives?Is it an ‘Asset Junkyard’?Is it cost effective?Does it fit with the community
(standards)?Is it documented - who knows what it
consists of?Can it be repaired easily or
economically?Can it be adapted to changing needs?
Yesterday’s management approaches are not working in today’s complex and fast-paced environment.
Winchester House Syndrome
© 2011 IBM Corporation7
Enterprise IT Architectures
System Architecture• functional aspects• operational aspects“the infrastructure and singlebuilding design”
BusinessStrategy
InformationTechnology
Strategy
BusinessOpportunity
TechnologyAvailability
Business Operating Environmentand IT Infrastructure
IT Solutions
Design andDelivery
Strategy
The Gap
If you do not know where you are going,
any road will do.
If you do not know where you are, a map will not help.
?
It can be a challenge to ensure IT based business solutions implement the business strategy…
© 2011 IBM Corporation8
Enterprise IT Architectures
Enterprise Architecture provides the vital linkages between “strategy” and “implementation”
System Architecture• functional aspects• operational aspects“the infrastructure and singlebuilding design”
BusinessStrategy
InformationTechnology
Strategy
BusinessOpportunity
TechnologyAvailability
Design andDelivery
EA identifies where the organization wants to be
and how to get there
EA tells the organization where they are on the map Enterprise Architecture
!!
Business Operating Environmentand IT Infrastructure
IT Solutions
Planning
Design andDelivery
Ente
rpris
e w
ide
focu
sPr
ojec
t foc
us
Strategy
© 2011 IBM Corporation9
Enterprise IT Architectures
Enterprise Architecture“the city plan”
System Architecture“the building design”
BusinessStrategy
InformationTechnology
Strategy
BusinessOpportunity
TechnologyAvailability
ITArchitecture
- Applications- Data- Technology
Planning
Design andDelivery
Ente
rpris
e w
ide
focu
sPr
ojec
t foc
us
Strategy
Business Operating Environmentand IT Infrastructure
IT Solutions
Enterprise Architecture
Transition Plan
BusinessArchitecture
- Processes- Information- People- Locations
Enterprise Architecture embraces both Business and IT Architectures, providing the “city plan” for “building projects”
© 2011 IBM Corporation10
Enterprise IT Architectures
EAMethods
andTools
Processand
Content Modeling
BusinessStrategy
andPlanning
Enterprise Strategy
Fire and hope!
Enterprise Architecture
Business Operating Environmentand IT Infrastructure
TransitionPlanning
G ro u p IT A r c h i t e c t u r e D e f in i t io n
I n f r a s t r u c t u re D e s ig n & P la n n i n g
E s t a b lis h IT C o m p e t e n c y C e n t re
E n d U s e r I n f r a s t r u c t u r e U p g r a d e
In t e r - c o m p a n y W A N ( i m p le .)
O u t s o u r c e N e w C o re s y s t e m s
O u t s o u r c e H e lp d e s k a n d D e s k t o p
O u t s o u rc e n e t w o rk
O u t s o u r c in g I n i t i a t iv e s
C o m p e t e n c y C e n t re In i ti a t iv e s
E l e c t r o n ic S e r v i c e D e li v e r y
D a t a W a r e h o u s e
C u s t o m e r S e r v i c e C e n t r e
WA N in fr a s tru c tu r e
In tr a n et /M a il in f ra s tr u ct u re
C u s to m e r S e rv ic e
D a ta
Wa re h o u s e
G ra p h ic a l I S
B . U .
B . U .
D o cu m en t M an a g e me n t
S y s te m s Ma n a g e me n t
Mid d le w a r e
N E T W O R K
P la n n in g /D e s ig n In i t i a t iv e s
In f r a s t ru c t u r e In i ti a tiv e s
O t h e rB u s i n e s s U n it S y s te m sK i o s k sT e l e m e t r y s y s t e m se tc
In i t ia t iv e s f o c u s e d o n m i g r a t i n g t o t h e n e w d e liv e ry e n v ir o n m e n t
P la n n in g /D e s ig nI n f ra s t ru c t u reO u t s o u rc in g
In i t ia t iv e s f o c u s e d o n im p le m e n t in g t h e v i s i o n
P la n n in g /d e s ig nI T C o m p e t e n c y c e n tre
K e y G r o u p D e c is i o n P o in t s
ArchitectureGovernance
Bus Arch’ture IT Architecture
AEICorporate
YankeeGroup
SaturnGroup
YarnDivision
KnitsDivision
SenecaPlant
RaleighPlant
CashManagement
Shipping
Accounting
ComponentDesign
Yarn Buying
Order Entry
ComponentScheduling
YarnDyeing
Inventory
AssortmentPlanning
ComponentKnitting
Tagging & Packing
Business Structure
Business Locations
Prog
ram
foc
usEn
terp
rise
wid
e fo
cus
Strategy
Planning
Designand
Delivery
Change Programs
Soln Outline Macro Design Micro Design Devt, etc.
Programme ArchitectureG r o u p I T A r c h i te c tu r e D e fi n it io n
I n fr a s t r u c tu r e D e s i g n & P l a n n i n g
E s ta b li s h IT C o m p e t e n c y C e n t re
E n d U s e r In f ra s t ru c t u r e U p g r a d e
In t e r - c o m p a n y W A N (i m p le .)
O u ts o u r c e N e w C o r e s y s t e m s
O u ts o u r c e H e lp d e s k a n d D e s k t o p
O u ts o u r c e n e tw o r k
O u t s o u r c i n g I n i t ia t iv e s
C o m p e t e n c y C e n t r e In i t ia t i v e s
E l e c t r o n ic S e r v ic e D e li v e r y
D a t a W a r e h o u s e
C u s to m e r S e r v ic e C e n t r e
W AN infr astr uctu reI ntra net/ Mai l inf rast ruct ure
C ust om er S ervic eDat a Wa reho use
Gra phic al I S
B. U. B.U .
Do cu men t M ana gem en t
Sys tem s M an age me nt
Mid dle war e
N E T W O R K
P l a n n i n g / D e s i g n In i t ia t i v e s
I n f r a s t r u c t u r e I n i t ia t iv e s
O t h e rB u s i n e s s U n i t S y s t e m sK i o s k sT e l e m e t r y s y s t e m se t c
I n i t i a t i v e s f o c u s e d o n m i g r a t i n g t o t h e n e w d e l i v e r y e n v i ro n m e n t
P l a n n i n g / D e s i g nI n f r a s t r u c t u r eO u t s o u r c in g
I n i t i a t i v e s f o c u s e d o n i m p l e m e n t i n g t h e v i s i o n
P l a n n i n g / d e s i g nI T C o m p e t e n c y c e n t r e
K e y G r o u p D e c is io n P o in t s
Soln Outline Macro Design Micro Design Devt, etc.
Programme ArchitectureG r o u p I T A r c h i t e c t u r e D e f i n i t i o n
I n f r a s t r u c t u r e D e s i g n & P l a n n i n g
E s t a b l i s h I T C o m p e t e n c y C e n t re
E n d U s e r I n f ra s t ru c t u r e U p g r a d e
I n t e r - c o m p a n y W A N ( i m p l e . )
O u t s o u r c e N e w C o r e s y s t e m s
O u t s o u r c e H e l p d e s k a n d D e s k t o p
O u t s o u r c e n e t w o r k
O u t s o u r c i n g I n i t ia t iv e s
C o m p e t e n c y C e n t r e In i t ia t i v e s
E l e c t r o n i c S e r v i c e D e l i v e r y
D a t a W a r e h o u s e
C u s t o m e r S e r v i c e C e n t r e
W AN infr astr uctu reI ntra net/ Mai l inf rast ruct ure
C ust om er S ervic eDat a Wa reho use
Gra phic al I S
B. U. B.U .
Do cu men t M ana gem en t
Sys tem s M an age me nt
Mid dle war e
N E T W O R K
P l a n n i n g / D e s i g n In i t ia t i v e s
I n f r a s t r u c t u r e I n i t ia t iv e s
O t h e rB u s i n e s s U n i t S y s t e m sK i o s k sT e l e m e t r y s y s t e m se t c
I n i t i a t i v e s f o c u s e d o n m i g r a t i n g t o t h e n e w d e l i v e r y e n v i ro n m e n t
P l a n n i n g / D e s i g nI n f r a s t r u c t u r eO u t s o u r c in g
I n i t i a t i v e s f o c u s e d o n i m p l e m e n t i n g t h e v i s i o n
P l a n n i n g / d e s i g nI T C o m p e t e n c y c e n t r e
K e y G r o u p D e c is io n P o in t s
TechnologyAvailability
BusinessOpportunity
Bus Strategy IT Strategy
Processes Content
SOA
Solution Design
andDelivery
Bridging the Gap Between Strategy and Delivery
© 2011 IBM Corporation11
Enterprise IT Architectures
“The EA discipline defines and maintains the architecture models, governance and transition initiatives needed to effectively co-ordinate semi-autonomous groups towards common business and/or IT goals.“
“The EA discipline defines and maintains the architecture models, governance and transition initiatives needed to effectively co-ordinate semi-autonomous groupstowards common business and/or IT goals.”
EA ensures the architecture is
maintained and used
EA is not just passive or
reactive, it is proactive
EA can address the
business and IT domains
“neutral phrasing”: EA works at many
levels
EA provides reference material in
many forms
Enterprise Architecture: defines the building blocks needed to underpin the portfolio of programs
© 2011 IBM Corporation12
Enterprise IT Architectures
Current Enterprise Planning and Control
Business Drivers
Business Drivers
Project BProject B Project EProject E
Project DProject DProject AProject A
Project CProject C
ReportsReportsReportsReports
ProjectPlans
ProjectPlansProject
PlansProjectPlans
© 2011 IBM Corporation13
Enterprise IT Architectures
Enterprise Architecture
Models
Enterprise Architecture
ModelsGovernanceGovernanceTransition Planning
Transition Planning
Building blocks, rules,
patterns, constraints
ProjectProject
Projects
Are we still moving in the
right direction?
Are our target architectures still
right?
This is the way things should be
architected
Are we consistently viewing and reporting on
product architectures?
Project Prioritization &
Planning
Project Prioritization &
Planning
These are the things we should do
Are we doing these things the way we said we want them done?
Purpose, objective, vision, etc.
Purpose, objective, vision, etc.
Enterprise Architecture Solution Overview
© 2011 IBM Corporation14
Enterprise IT Architectures
Therefore there are three aspects to implementing an Enterprise Architecture
Implementing the EA
Business
User
Arch Review
Board
TRB
IT SteeringCommittee
ProjectArchitect
or DA
Yes
Yes
No
No
BusinessRequirement
Identified
Analyse
and
Understand
Business
Requirement
Design
Solution
Develop/
implement
system/
solution
Research
&
analyse
conforming
alternatives
Conduct
Design/
Product
Evaluation
Review
Mtg
Identify
potential
confirming
alternatives
Advise/
Assist
ArchitectureInitiative
Advise/
Assist
DesignConforms to Architecture?
ArchConformingAlternativeavailable?
Vitality Process
ARB
TRB
DA
Governance
Organisation
Processes
Evaluation & Selection
Architecture
Models
Principles
Enterprise Tech Framework
Business ArchitectureInformationarchitectureComponentarchitecture
Data architecture
IT architecture
Cha
nnel
s
Applications
Common System Services
Inte
rfac
e S
ervi
ces
Sec
urity
Ser
vice
s
Network Services
Platform Services
Syst
em M
anag
emen
t Ser
vice
s
Syst
em &
Infr
astr
uctu
re D
evel
opm
ent
CommonApplication
Services
DataClaim
Transition
Transition Plan
Management Action Plan
Group IT Architecture Definition
Infrastructure Design & Planning
Establish IT Competency Centre
End User Infrastructure Upgrade
Inter-company WAN (imple.)
Outsource New Core systems
Outsource Helpdesk and Desktop
Outsource network
Outsourcing Initiatives
Competency Centre Initiatives
Electronic Service Delivery
Data Warehouse
Customer Service Centre
Reco gnise and r epor prob lem
D iagnose pro blem
Escalat e pr obl em
Anal yse pr obl em
Log P robl em
Cl ose pr obl em
U pdat e cust omer
Resol ve pr oblem
Bypass and/ or f ix
Conf ig. Management
Oper at ions Management
C hange Management
Cal l management
O per ati ons mana gement
Updat e customer
Perf and C apacit y man agement
WAN in frastruc ture
Intranet/Mai l infras tructure
Cus tomer Servic eData Warehous e
Graphica l IS
B.U.
B.U.
Document Management
Systems Management
Middleware
NETWORK
Planning/Design Initiatives
Infrastructure Initiatives
OtherBusiness Unit SystemsKiosksTelemetry systemsetc
Initiatives focused on migrating to the new delivery environment
Planning/DesignInfrastructureOutsourcing
Initiatives focused on implementing the vision
Planning/designIT Competency centre
Key Group Decision Points
© 2011 IBM Corporation15
Enterprise IT Architectures
Enterprise Architecture
Solution architecture aims to address specific problems and requirements, usually through the design of specific information systems or applications.
Enterprise Architecture is the formal organization (design or layout) of the components, structures and processes required or relevant to the attainment of the goals and visions invested or envisioned in an enterprise.
Enterprise Architecture vs. Solution Architecture
© 2011 IBM Corporation16
Enterprise IT Architectures
So we recognise two different types of IT Architect…
…Are responsible for ensuring the design of IT based business solutions meet the functional and non-functional requirements, within the constraints of budget, time, skills and other givens (such as IT Standards)
“Solution Architects”
…Are responsible for ensuring an IT Organisation approaches the identification, specification and implementation of these IT based business solutions in a co-ordinated and standardised manner, aligned to the Enterprise’s Business and IT Strategies.
“Enterprise Architects”
…Are generally not product specialists, although they must be able to work at a sufficient level of technological detail to be sure their architectures can be implemented.
© 2011 IBM Corporation17
Enterprise IT Architectures
Strategy
Architecture
Dev Program
Architecture
Project PP
Architecture
Design DDesign D
Infra. Proj
Arch
D DD
Enterprise Architecture
Program Architecture
Infrastructure Architecture
EA provides a context and guidance, keeping everyone “on the same road”
© 2011 IBM Corporation18
Enterprise IT Architectures
“How have we aligned technology investment with our
business objectives?”
“If we change our technology stack, what applications and organizations will be effected?”
Benefits (1): Analyze the Linkage Between Technology and Business, Communicate Actionable Information
© 2011 IBM Corporation19
Enterprise IT Architectures
Focus on Information
needed to make
a decision
What Happens If….?
Benefits (2): Analyze Change to Processes…
© 2011 IBM Corporation20
Enterprise IT Architectures
And only when we can ensure it’s “architecture all the way down”, will we be able to satisfy all our stakeholders
Maximise the overall ROI by aligning all change programs with each other and with the
enterprise's strategic direction
The BoardThose responsible for the overall
ROI for the Enterprise's (IT) investments and projects. (aka Programs Steering Committee)
Minimise project risk and integration challenges,
maximise value of available IT skills and resource. (i.e.
maximise chance of success)
Solution DevelopmentThose responsible for the design
and development of Business & IT systems associated with specific
business requirements
Minimise systems management challenges and product support issues, maximise value gained from IT infrastructure through
shared and flexible deployment.
IT OperationsThe folk who operate the
Enterprise's IT infrastructure
“The Bridge” “The Engineers” “The Engine Room”
© 2011 IBM Corporation21
Enterprise IT Architectures
Enterprise Architecture – Methodology
© 2011 IBM Corporation22
Enterprise IT Architectures
Main aspects of an Enterprise Architecture
Enterprise Architecture is between the Business and IT Strategy and the programs and projects to be carried out
Enterprise Architecture includes Business Architecture as well as IT Architecture (which is IS Architecture – Information System – and Technology Architecture)
Enterprise Architecture guides the programs and projects
© 2011 IBM Corporation23
Enterprise IT Architectures
23
Information Systems
Technology
Strategy
Business
Enterprise Architecture
High-level business process blueprintthat supports the strategy
Infrastructure that supports the Information Systems
Define the enterprise strategy, goals and objectives.
Implementation of the business functions in the IT systems
Enterprise Architecture Defined
© 2011 IBM Corporation24
Enterprise IT Architectures
Business Architecture
Informationarchitecture
Componentarchitecture
Data architecture
IT architecture
How the business will be run
Logical model of information needs
Automated business functions
Physical model of data
Hardware & software products
”increased focus on a ’Market of one’”
”Customer information will be integrated across all bus units”
”applications will use catalogue services”
”some personal data may be stored locally”
”Business units may use local SAP servers”
Strategy
Source: European Government Agency, 2002
Purpose ofthe layer
SamplePrinciple
A popular way of structuring an EA’s architecture framework: is to adopt a simple layered approach
© 2011 IBM Corporation25
Enterprise IT Architectures
Enterprise Architecture Methods
Enterprise Architecture methods provide guidelines and templates for the definition of an Enterprise Architecture
Templates are available for Work Products / Artifacts – most of them as described in Architecture Methods
Most popular Enterprise Architecture Methods– IBM – Zachman (www.zifa.com)– TOGAF (www.opengroup.org)
© 2011 IBM Corporation26
Enterprise IT Architectures
Business Architecture
Technology Architecture
Governance
Strategic Gap Analysis
Transition
Enterprise Capabilities
IS Architecture
Current Environment
Workshop and Engagement Planning
ClientObjectives
EmergingOpportunities
IBM’s Enterprise Architecture (EA) Framework – Best Practice shows that successful EA Management follows an iterative approach of EA Design
© 2011 IBM Corporation27
Enterprise IT Architectures
© CapGemini, 2005
© John A Zachman
http://www.zifa.com/
http://www.capgemini.com/services/soa/ent_architecture/
The Open Group’s Architecture Framework(TOGAF), UK
All EAs have a “framework” – a means of organizing, managing and communicating the architecture
© 2011 IBM Corporation28
Enterprise IT Architectures
What is TOGAF
TOGAF consists of the following :– Architecture Development Method (ADM)– Enterprise Continuum– Resource Base
The ADM is depicted as the ‘crop-circle’ and represents the core of the TOGAF specification. It is a method for deriving a specific enterprise architecture.
The Enterprise Continuum is a model for structuring a ‘virtual repository’of architectural assets such as patterns, models, & architecturedescriptions.
The Resource Base is a set of ‘good practice’ resources such as guidelines, checklists and templates provided to assist the architect when using TOGAF ADM.
© 2011 IBM Corporation29
Enterprise IT Architectures
Standard TOGAF (currently Version 9)
CapabilityRequirements
CapabilityRequirements
Strategy andDirection
Strategy andDirection
Processes, OrganizationProcesses,
Organization
Application,Systems, BPMS
Application,Systems, BPMS
NetworkInfrastructure
NetworkInfrastructure
PrioritizationPrioritizationPlanningPlanning
ChangeManagement
ChangeManagement
© 2011 IBM Corporation30
Enterprise IT Architectures
Initiates one iteration of the architecture process– Sets scope, constraints,
expectations– Required at the start of
every architecture cycle Validates business context Creates Statement of
Architecture work
Guiding Principles(according to IBM EA
Methodology) Architectural Decisions
(according to IBM EA Methodology)
In more Detail: Capabilities Content (Architecture Vision according to TOGAF - augmented)
© 2011 IBM Corporation31
Enterprise IT Architectures
In more Detail: Business Architecture Content (according to TOGAF augmented)
Organization structure Business Goals and Objectives Business Functions Business Services Business Processes Business Roles Correlation of organization and
functions. Enterprise Information Model
(according to IBM EA Methodology)
© 2011 IBM Corporation32
Enterprise IT Architectures
The fundamental organization of an IT system, embodied in– relationships to each other
and the environment, and the principles governing its design and evolution
Shows how the IT systems meets the business goals of the enterprise
In more Detail: IS Architecture Content (according to TOGAF)
© 2011 IBM Corporation33
Enterprise IT Architectures
The fundamental organization of an IT system, embodied in– its hardware, software
and communications technology
– their relationships to each other and the environment,
– and the principles governing its design and evolution
In more Detail: Technology Architecture Content (according to TOGAF)
© 2011 IBM Corporation34
Enterprise IT Architectures
Enterprise Strategy
Business Operating Environmentand IT Infrastructure
Prog
ram
foc
usEn
terp
rise
wid
e fo
cus
Strategy
Planning
Design and
Delivery
Prog
ram
foc
usEn
terp
rise
wid
e fo
cus
Strategy
Planning
Design and
Delivery
Prog
ram
foc
usEn
terp
rise
wid
e fo
cus
Strategy
Planning
Design and
Delivery
TransitionPlanning Gr ou p IT
Ar c h ite c tu re D e finit ion
Inf r a s tr uc tu r e D e s ig n & P la nn ing
E s ta blis h IT C om pe te n c y C e nt re
E n d U s e r In fr a s tr uc t ur e U pgr a de
Int e r- c om p a ny W AN (im p le .)
Ou ts ou rc e N ew C or e s y s te m s
Ou ts ou rc e H e lpd es k a n d D e s k top
O ut so ur c e n e tw or k
O u ts o u rc in g In it ia t iv e s
C o m p e ten cy C en tre In it ia t iv e s
E le c tr on ic S e r vi ce D e live r y
D a ta W a r eh ous e
C u s tom e r S e r v ic e C e ntr e
W A N inf ras tru ct ureIn tra ne t/M ail inf ra str uct ure
C us tom e r S er vic eDa ta W are ho us e
G ra ph ic al I S
B .U. B .U .
D oc um e nt Ma n ag em en t
S ys te ms M an a ge me nt
Mi dd lew ar e
N E T W O R K
Pl an n in g /D es ig n I n it i at i ve s
In fr as tru ctu re In it ia t iv e s
O th erB u sin ess U n it S ystem sK i osk sTel em etr y sys te m setc
In itia tiv e s f oc us e d on m igr a tin g to the n e w d e liv e ry e nv ir on m e nt
P la nn ing / D es i gnI n f ras truc t u reO uts ou rc i ng
In itia tiv e s f oc us e d on im ple m e n ting the v is io n
P la nn ing / des i gnI T C om pet enc y c en tre
K e y G ro up D ec is io n P o int s
ArchitectureGovernance
TransitionPlanning Gr ou p IT
Ar c h ite c tu re D e finit ion
Inf r a s tr uc tu r e D e s ig n & P la nn ing
E s ta blis h IT C om pe te n c y C e nt re
E n d U s e r In fr a s tr uc t ur e U pgr a de
Int e r- c om p a ny W AN (im p le .)
Ou ts ou rc e N ew C or e s y s te m s
Ou ts ou rc e H e lpd es k a n d D e s k top
O ut so ur c e n e tw or k
O u ts o u rc in g In it ia t iv e s
C o m p e ten cy C en tre In it ia t iv e s
E le c tr on ic S e r vi ce D e live r y
D a ta W a r eh ous e
C u s tom e r S e r v ic e C e ntr e
W A N inf ras tru ct ureIn tra ne t/M ail inf ra str uct ure
C us tom e r S er vic eDa ta W are ho us e
G ra ph ic al I S
B .U. B .U .
D oc um e nt Ma n ag em en t
S ys te ms M an a ge me nt
Mi dd lew ar e
N E T W O R K
Pl an n in g /D es ig n I n it i at i ve s
In fr as tru ctu re In it ia t iv e s
O th erB u sin ess U n it S ystem sK i osk sTel em etr y sys te m setc
In itia tiv e s f oc us e d on m igr a tin g to the n e w d e liv e ry e nv ir on m e nt
P la nn ing / D es i gnI n f ras truc t u reO uts ou rc i ng
In itia tiv e s f oc us e d on im ple m e n ting the v is io n
P la nn ing / des i gnI T C om pet enc y c en tre
K e y G ro up D ec is io n P o int s
ArchitectureGovernance
BusinessArchitecture
ITArchitecture
AEICorporate
YankeeGroup
SaturnGroup
YarnDivision
KnitsDivision
SenecaPlant
RaleighPlant
CashManagement
Shippi ng
Accounting
ComponentDesign
Yarn Buying
Order E ntry
ComponentSchedul ing
YarnDyeing
Inventory
Assortm entP lanni ng
Com ponentKnitting
Tagging & P acking
Business Structure
AEICorporate
YankeeGroup
SaturnGroup
YarnDivision
KnitsDivision
SenecaPlant
RaleighPlant
CashManagement
Shippi ng
Accounting
ComponentDesign
Yarn Buying
Order E ntry
ComponentSchedul ing
YarnDyeing
Inventory
Assortm entP lanni ng
Com ponentKnitting
Tagging & P acking
Business Structure
Business LocationsBusiness Locations
Change Programs
Soln Outline Macro Design Micro Design Devt, etc.
Programme ArchitectureGro u p I T A rc hi te ctu re D e f in i t i on
I n fra stru c tur e D e s ig n & P l a nn i n g
E sta b l is h IT C o mp e ten c y C e ntre
E nd U s er I nfra s truc tu re U p gra d e
I nte r-c o mp an y W A N ( i m p le . )
O uts o u rce N ew C ore sy s tem s
O uts o u rce H el p de s k a nd D es kto p
Ou tso u rc e ne two rk
O uts ou rc ing In itia tiv e s
C om pe te nc y Ce nt re In itia tiv e s
Ele ctr on ic Se rv ice Delive ry
Da ta W a rehouse
Cus tom er Se rvic e Ce ntre
WAN infras tructur eIntra net/Ma il infra struct ureC ustom er Se rviceData Ware house
Graph ical IS
B.U. B.U. Docu ment Manag emen t
Sys tems M anag emen t
Middle ware
N ET W O RK
Pla nn ing /D e s ign In itia tiv e s
In fra s tr uc ture In it iat ive s
Othe rB us in ess U ni t S yst em sK io sksTe le m et r y s yst em set c
In itia tive s foc us e d on m igra ting to the ne w de liv ery env ironm ent
P lan nin g/ De sig nI nf ra str uc tu re
O ut sour ci ngIn itia tive s foc us e d on im ple me nting the vis ion
P lan nin g/ desi gnI T Co mp et ency ce nt re
K ey G ro u p De c i si o n P oi n ts
Soln Outline Macro Design Micro Design Devt, etc.
Programme ArchitectureGro u p I T A rc hi te ctu re D e f in i t i on
I n fra stru c tur e D e s ig n & P l a nn i n g
E sta b l is h IT C o mp e ten c y C e ntre
E nd U s er I nfra s truc tu re U p gra d e
I nte r-c o mp an y W A N ( i m p le . )
O uts o u rce N ew C ore sy s tem s
O uts o u rce H el p de s k a nd D es kto p
Ou tso u rc e ne two rk
O uts ou rc ing In itia tiv e s
C om pe te nc y Ce nt re In itia tiv e s
Ele ctr on ic Se rv ice Delive ry
Da ta W a rehouse
Cus tom er Se rvic e Ce ntre
WAN infras tructur eIntra net/Ma il infra struct ureC ustom er Se rviceData Ware house
Graph ical IS
B.U. B.U. Docu ment Manag emen t
Sys tems M anag emen t
Middle ware
N ET W O RK
Pla nning /D e s ign In itia tiv e s
In fra s tr uc ture In it iat ive s
Othe rB us in ess U ni t S yst em sK io sksTe le m et r y s yst em set c
In itia tive s foc us e d on m igra ting to the ne w de liv ery env ironm ent
P lan nin g/ De sig nI nf ra str uc tu reO ut sour ci ng
In itia tive s foc us e d on im ple me nting the vis ion
P lan nin g/ desi gnI T Co mp et ency ce nt re
K ey G ro u p De c i si o n P oi n ts
Soln Outline Macro Design Micro Design Devt, etc.
Programme ArchitectureGroup IT Arc hite cture De fin ition
In fra struc tur e De s ign & Pla nning
Esta b lis h IT Compe tenc y Ce ntre
End Us er Infra s truc ture Upgra de
Inte r-c ompany W AN (im ple .)
O uts ource New C ore sy s tem s
O uts ource H elpde s k a nd D es ktop
Outsourc e ne twork
O uts ou rc ing In itia tiv e s
C om pe te nc y Ce nt re In itia tiv e s
Ele ctr on ic Se rv ice Delive ry
Da ta W a rehouse
Cus tom er Se rvic e Ce ntre
WAN infras tructur eIntra net/Ma il infra struct ureC ustom er Se rviceData Ware house
Graph ical IS
B.U. B.U. Docu ment Manag emen t
Sys tems M anag emen t
Middle ware
N ET W O RK
Pla nning /D e s ign In itia tiv e s
In fra s tr uc ture In it iat ive s
Othe rB us in ess U ni t S yst em sK io sksTe le m et r y s yst em set c
In itia tive s foc us e d on m igra ting to the ne w de liv ery env ironm ent
P lan nin g/ De sig nI nf ra str uc tu re
O ut sour ci ngIn itia tive s foc us e d on im ple me nting the vis ion
P lan nin g/ desi gnI T Co mp et ency ce nt re
K ey G ro u p De c i si o n P oi n ts
Soln Outline Macro Design Micro Design Devt, etc.
Programme ArchitectureGroup IT Arc hite cture De fin ition
In fra struc tur e De s ign & Pla nning
Esta b lis h IT Compe tenc y Ce ntre
End Us er Infra s truc ture Upgra de
Inte r-c ompany W AN (im ple .)
O uts ource New C ore sy s tem s
O uts ource H elpde s k a nd D es ktop
Outsourc e ne twork
O uts ou rc ing In itia tiv e s
C om pe te nc y Ce nt re In itia tiv e s
Ele ctr on ic Se rv ice Delive ry
Da ta W a rehouse
Cus tom er Se rvic e Ce ntre
WAN infras tructur eIntra net/Ma il infra struct ureC ustom er Se rviceData Ware house
Graph ical IS
B.U. B.U. Docu ment Manag emen t
Sys tems M anag emen t
Middle ware
N ET W O RK
Pla nning /D e s ign In itia tiv e s
In fra s tr uc ture In it iat ive s
Othe rB us in ess U ni t S yst em sK io sksTe le m et r y s yst em set c
In itia tive s foc us e d on m igra ting to the ne w de liv ery env ironm ent
P lan nin g/ De sig nI nf ra str uc tu re
O ut sour ci ngIn itia tive s foc us e d on im ple me nting the vis ion
P lan nin g/ desi gnI T Co mp et ency ce nt re
K ey G ro u p De c i si o n P oi n ts
Soln Outline Macro Design Micro Design Devt, etc.
Programme ArchitectureGroup IT Arc hite cture De fin ition
In fra struc tur e De s ign & Pla nning
Esta b lis h IT Compe tenc y Ce ntre
End Us er Infra s truc ture Upgra de
Inte r-c ompany W AN (im ple .)
O uts ource New C ore sy s tem s
O uts ource H elpde s k a nd D es ktop
Outsourc e ne twork
O uts ou rc ing In itia tiv e s
C om pe te nc y Ce nt re In itia tiv e s
Ele ctr on ic Se rv ice Delive ry
Da ta W a rehouse
Cus tom er Se rvic e Ce ntre
WAN infras tructur eIntra net/Ma il infra struct ureC ustom er Se rviceData Ware house
Graph ical IS
B.U. B.U. Docu ment Manag emen t
Sys tems M anag emen t
Middle ware
N ET W O RK
Pla nning /D e s ign In itia tiv e s
In fra s tr uc ture In it iat ive s
Othe rB us in ess U ni t S yst em sK io sksTe le m et r y s yst em set c
In itia tive s foc us e d on m igra ting to the ne w de liv ery env ironm ent
P lan nin g/ De sig nI nf ra str uc tu reO ut sour ci ng
In itia tive s foc us e d on im ple me nting the vis ion
P lan nin g/ desi gnI T Co mp et ency ce nt re
K ey G ro u p De c i si o n P oi n ts
Soln Outline Macro Design Micro Design Devt, etc.
Programme ArchitectureGroup IT Arc hite cture De fin ition
In fra struc tur e De s ign & Pla nning
Esta b lis h IT Compe tenc y Ce ntre
End Us er Infra s truc ture Upgra de
Inte r-c ompany W AN (im ple .)
O uts ource New C ore sy s tem s
O uts ource H elpde s k a nd D es ktop
Outsourc e ne twork
O uts ou rc ing In itia tiv e s
C om pe te nc y Ce nt re In itia tiv e s
Ele ctr on ic Se rv ice Delive ry
Da ta W a rehouse
Cus tom er Se rvic e Ce ntre
WAN infras tructur eIntra net/Ma il infra struct ureC ustom er Se rviceData Ware house
Graph ical IS
B.U. B.U. Docu ment Manag emen t
Sys tems M anag emen t
Middle ware
N ET W O RK
Pla nning /D e s ign In itia tiv e s
In fra s tr uc ture In it iat ive s
Othe rB us in ess U ni t S yst em sK io sksTe le m et r y s yst em set c
In itia tive s foc us e d on m igra ting to the ne w de liv ery env ironm ent
P lan nin g/ De sig nI nf ra str uc tu reO ut sour ci ng
In itia tive s foc us e d on im ple me nting the vis ion
P lan nin g/ desi gnI T Co mp et ency ce nt re
K ey G ro u p De c i si o n P oi n ts
TechnologyAvailability
BusinessOpportunity
Business Strategy IT Strategy
Enterprise Architecture
Enterprise Capabilities
Business Architecture
IS Architecture
Technology Architecture The EA Consulting Method’s architectural layers
All EAs have a “framework” – a means of organizing, managing and communicating the architecture
© 2011 IBM Corporation35
Enterprise IT Architectures
Along with the Technology Architecture, the IS Architecture represents the “digitised” elements of the EA
Technology Architecture Cha
nnel
s
Applications
Common System ServicesInte
rface
Ser
vice
s
Sec
urity
Ser
vice
s
Network ServicesPlatform Services
Sys
tem
Man
agem
ent S
ervi
ces
Sys
tem
& In
frast
ruct
ure
Dev
elop
men
t
CommonApplication
Services
DataClaim
Business Architecture G r o u p I T A r c h i t e c t u r e D e f i n i t i o n
I n f r a s t r u c t u r e D e s i g n & P l a n n i n g
E s t a b l i s h I T C o m p e t e n c y C e n t r e
E n d U s e r I n f r a s t r u c t u r e U p g r a d e
I n t e r - c o m p a n y W A N ( i m p l e . )
O u t s o u r c e N e w C o r e s y s t e m s
O u t s o u r c e H e l p d e s k a n d D e s k t o p
O u t s o u r c e n e t w o r k
O u t s o u r c i n g I n i t i a t i v e s
C o m p e t e n c y C e n t r e I n i t i a t i v e s
E l e c t r o n i c S e r v i c e D e l i v e r y
D a t a W a r e h o u s e
C u s t o m e r S e r v i c e C e n t r e
W A N in f ra s tr uc tu r e
I nt ra n e t/M a i l in f ra s tr uc tu r e
C u s to m e r S e rv ic eD a ta W a r eh o u s e
G ra p h ic a l I S
B .U . B . U .
D o c u m e nt M an a g e m e n t
S y s te m s M an a g e m e n t
M i dd l ew a r e
N E T W O R K
P l a n n i n g / D e s i g n I n i t i a t i v e s
I n f r a s t r u c t u r e I n i t i a t i v e s
O t h e rB u s i n e s s U n i t S y s t e m sK i o s k sT e l e m e t r y s y s t e m se t c
I n i t i a t i v e s f o c u s e d o n m i g r a t i n g t o t h e n e w d e l i v e r y e n v i r o n m e n t
P l a n n i n g / D e s i g nI n f r a s t r u c t u r eO u t s o u r c i n g
I n i t i a t i v e s f o c u s e d o n i m p l e m e n t i n g t h e v i s i o n
P l a n n i n g / d e s i g nI T C o m p e t e n c y c e n t r e
K e y G r o u p D e c i s i o n P o i n t s
Enterprise Capabilities G r o u p I T A r c h i t e c t u r e D e f i n i t i o n
I n f r a s t r u c t u r e D e s i g n & P l a n n i n g
E s t a b l i s h I T C o m p e t e n c y C e n t r e
E n d U s e r I n f r a s t r u c t u r e U p g r a d e
I n t e r - c o m p a n y W A N ( i m p l e . )
O u t s o u r c e N e w C o r e s y s t e m s
O u t s o u r c e H e l p d e s k a n d D e s k t o p
O u t s o u r c e n e t w o r k
O u t s o u r c i n g I n i t i a t i v e s
C o m p e t e n c y C e n t r e I n i t i a t i v e s
E l e c t r o n i c S e r v i c e D e l i v e r y
D a t a W a r e h o u s e
C u s t o m e r S e r v i c e C e n t r e
W A N in f ra s tr uc tu r e
I nt ra n e t/M a i l in f ra s tr uc tu r e
C u s to m e r S e rv ic eD a ta W a r eh o u s e
G ra p h ic a l I S
B .U . B . U .
D o c u m e nt M an a g e m e n t
S y s te m s M an a g e m e n t
M i dd l ew a r e
N E T W O R K
P l a n n i n g / D e s i g n I n i t i a t i v e s
I n f r a s t r u c t u r e I n i t i a t i v e s
O t h e rB u s i n e s s U n i t S y s t e m sK i o s k sT e l e m e t r y s y s t e m se t c
I n i t i a t i v e s f o c u s e d o n m i g r a t i n g t o t h e n e w d e l i v e r y e n v i r o n m e n t
P l a n n i n g / D e s i g nI n f r a s t r u c t u r eO u t s o u r c i n g
I n i t i a t i v e s f o c u s e d o n i m p l e m e n t i n g t h e v i s i o n
P l a n n i n g / d e s i g nI T C o m p e t e n c y c e n t r e
K e y G r o u p D e c i s i o n P o i n t s
IS Architecture G r o u p I T A r c h i t e c t u r e D e f i n i t i o n
I n f r a s t r u c t u r e D e s i g n & P l a n n i n g
E s t a b l i s h I T C o m p e t e n c y C e n t r e
E n d U s e r I n f r a s t r u c t u r e U p g r a d e
I n t e r - c o m p a n y W A N ( i m p l e . )
O u t s o u r c e N e w C o r e s y s t e m s
O u t s o u r c e H e l p d e s k a n d D e s k t o p
O u t s o u r c e n e t w o r k
O u t s o u r c i n g I n i t i a t i v e s
C o m p e t e n c y C e n t r e I n i t i a t i v e s
E l e c t r o n i c S e r v i c e D e l i v e r y
D a t a W a r e h o u s e
C u s t o m e r S e r v i c e C e n t r e
W A N in f ra s tr uc tu r e
I nt ra n e t/M a i l in f ra s tr uc tu r e
C u s to m e r S e rv ic eD a ta W a r eh o u s e
G ra p h ic a l I S
B .U . B . U .
D o c u m e nt M an a g e m e n t
S y s te m s M an a g e m e n t
M i dd l ew a r e
N E T W O R K
P l a n n i n g / D e s i g n I n i t i a t i v e s
I n f r a s t r u c t u r e I n i t i a t i v e s
O t h e rB u s i n e s s U n i t S y s t e m sK i o s k sT e l e m e t r y s y s t e m se t c
I n i t i a t i v e s f o c u s e d o n m i g r a t i n g t o t h e n e w d e l i v e r y e n v i r o n m e n t
P l a n n i n g / D e s i g nI n f r a s t r u c t u r eO u t s o u r c i n g
I n i t i a t i v e s f o c u s e d o n i m p l e m e n t i n g t h e v i s i o n
P l a n n i n g / d e s i g nI T C o m p e t e n c y c e n t r e
K e y G r o u p D e c i s i o n P o i n t s
Strategic Intent and “value propostions” Capabilities to realise that intent Resources to enable these capabilities
Function, information and human elements of the business
Relationships between these elements
Automated elements of business functionality and business data
Relationships between these elements
Automated elements of infrastructure functionality and data.
Relationships between these elements.
Boundary of Automation
IT
Busi
ness
© 2011 IBM Corporation36
Enterprise IT Architectures
Functional Aspect of Architecture
Data
POLICY
Producer CompensationClaimant Claim Business PartnersProducerService Providers
Policy FinancialsInsured Objects Insurance ProductPolicy
Training, Education, AdviceThird Parties InquiriesLegal & Recovery ActionsExternal Agencies
Claim
Sponsoring OrganizationMarket ProspectsInsured PartyBusiness Plans
Info Objects
POLICY
Producer CompensationClaimant Claim Business PartnersProducerService Providers
Policy FinancialsInsured Objects Insurance ProductPolicy
Training, Education, AdviceThird Parties InquiriesLegal & Recovery ActionsExternal Agencies
Claim
Sponsoring OrganizationMarket ProspectsInsured PartyBusiness Plans
Info Objects
BusinessArchitecture
IT Architecture
TechnologyArchitecture
Enterprise Architecture Framework
Applications
Users
We can develop this way of thinking about an EA architecture framework a little more. First, let us highlight the nature of its layers…
Business Architecture
Information Systems Architecture
Technology Architecture
A business architecture has no regard for the use
of automation
An information systems architecture describes those aspects of the business that
are to be automated –sometimes known as the “business dependent IT
architecture”
A technology architecture describes the underlying, “business independent” IT
needed to support automation
“line of automation”
“line of business interest”
© 2011 IBM Corporation37
Enterprise IT Architectures
EA Work Products guide and govern how Solution Work Products are constructed (Same Types of Work Products)
“EA constrains
and co-
ordinates the
construction of IT based business systems”
Use Case Model
Non-fn Rqts
Context Diagram Arch Over
Diagram
Component Model
Operational Model
Deployment Units
Requirements
Architecture
Reference Architectures
Viability
Enterprise Architecture
UserArchitecture
ApplicationArchitecture
DataArchitecture
POLICY
Producer CompensationClaimant Claim Business PartnersProducerService Providers
Policy FinancialsInsured Objects Insurance ProductPolicy
Training, Education, AdviceThird Parties InquiriesLegal & Recovery ActionsExternal Agencies
Claim
Sponsoring OrganizationMarket ProspectsInsured PartyBusiness Plans
Info Objects
UserArchitecture
ApplicationArchitecture
DataArchitecture
POLICY
Producer CompensationClaimant Claim Business PartnersProducerService Providers
Policy FinancialsInsured Objects Insurance ProductPolicy
Training, Education, AdviceThird Parties InquiriesLegal & Recovery ActionsExternal Agencies
Claim
Sponsoring OrganizationMarket ProspectsInsured PartyBusiness Plans
Info Objects
Business Architecture
Corporate StrategyFinance & PlanningHuman ResourcesInformation SystemsPurchasing & Supply
Marketing& Sales
Technical Operations
FlyingOperations
CustomerService
ManageCargo
DevelopProducts
Develop Schedules
Distribute Products
ManageAgency Sales
ManageAlliances
ManageAeroplane
ManageAircraft Seat Inventory
Perform Base Maintenance (A/C)
Perform Line Maintenance
MaintainEngines
MaintainComponents
Manage Materials & Service
Plan Crews
ScheduleCrews
ManageIn- flightService
ManageDay-of-flightOperations
ServiceReservations
Process PAX at Airports
Process Baggage
ManageAirport SystemsOperations
Perform Base Maintenance (contract)
Financial Planning & Reporting Manage
Labour Contracts
IT Architecture
ArchitectureTechnology
© 2011 IBM Corporation38
Enterprise IT Architectures
Ensures AlignmentEnsures Vitality
Ensures Compliance
Strategy
BusinessOpportunity
TechnologyAvailability
BusinessStrategy
InformationTechnology
Strategy
ITArchitecture
ApplicationsDataTechnology
Enterprise Architecture
Transition Plan
BusinessArchitecture
ProcessesInformationPeopleLocations
Planning
Design andDelivery
Ente
rpris
e w
ide
focu
sPr
ojec
t foc
us Business Operating Environmentand IT Infrastructure
IT Solutions
Enterprise Architecture and Governance (see Architecture Management)