English para Bachillerato

8/10/2019 English para Bachillerato

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iL FORM

. . .

PLURP

--

:

~ ~ S S E S S I O N

~n uscaii

..............

14

/ - Z ~ M M O N

NOUN

ENDINGS

.....5 TERMINACIONES MÁS FRECUtNTE5 DEL NOMBRE

16

...

RSI-LC

OS CUA

EMIMINE

DORES

1

-

--.. e- -:

i ;

MA

.

CCULINE

- -

AND

FI

5 NOMBRESMASCULINOS

Y FEMEblIMO

- LOS

NOMBRES COM

ADJECTlYEi

LOS PRONOMBRES

PERSONALES DE

O JI

JJETO;

LOS

PRONOMBRESY

ADJETIVOS

POSESIV

..............

6

-

ITO

Y

S1

ni=.

F ;F

...........................................................................................................

n t j f 9 1 8 8 3



Nnuns

1

FSOUMS:

COUNT

AND NON-COUNT

-

LOS NOMBRES

CONTABLES

E

NCONTABLES

A

Un

nomby

denota

una

persona, una cosa, un

lugar

o

una

idea.

inetypupils fook

fhe test nombre contable)

Susan showed

grb t coirage

nombre incontable)

B

Los

nombres se pueden clasificar en dos grupos: contables e

incontables. Los contables son aquellos

ante

los que podernos poner un

numeral.

one girl

two

girls one man ten men

Pueden sersingulares o plurales.

C

Los incontables son nombres que no pueden ir en plural

y

ante los

cuales no podemos utilizar numerales.

Van

seguidos por un verbo

singular.

He

aqui una listade algunos nombres incontables.

advice

furniture music sugar

uffer

h tp news

tea

chocola

te

hornework PaPer tíme

coffee hope physics

toothpasfe

cream

hunger

rubbish troubte

ditt

inform fion

s nd

w ter

flour matherna

jcs

~ Y weafher

food

milk

soap

work

fun money

Los nombres incontables

casi

siempre se usan con la forma singular del

verbo.

The water s hof

The

sky is

blue

Algunos nombres pueden a veces utilizarse como contables o como

incontables.

paper incontable, papel)

a

p per contabie, unperitidico

EXERCISE

Choose a singular or pluralverb accordingto the nouns in bold.

1. Our b gg ge

@

are at the airport now.

2. Our

secretary

is learning, are learning) to use

a

computer now.

3,

The

sky

always look, looks) beautiful at sunset.



4.

The l test

news

is,are) quite shocking.

5

Mathematics

(is,

are)

rny favourite subject

a

school,

6,

Mr

and

Mrs

mith

is

selling,

are

selling) their house this week.

7. lfe ic, are) beautiful.

8. The new gardeners

is

woiking, are worl<ing)

n

the garden

now.

A

J A N

A A

An

se usa ante

nombres

singulares

contables.

A va

delante

de

consonantes

o de palabras

que aunque

comiencen

por

vocal

ésta

se

pronuncie con sonido consonantico.

a hook

one-eyed

mnil

a usei L~Eesson

A n va delante de sonidos vocálicos

o

de una palabra que tiene

una h

que

no se pronuncia.

El articuloa / an se usa

delante

de un

nombre

no especifico o cuando

aparece

por

primera

vez. Tarnbibn podemos

añadir

un adjetivo o un

adverbioentre

a

1 an y el nombre.

/+e

¡S

sfaying at

a

new hotel

He

¡S reading n u n ~ s ~ ~ a yong bmk .

B El artlculo

a

se

usa

con

ciertos nfimeroc

y expresiones

de cantidad.

Can

you

cosln

t

to

a

hun re

rs

French?

t (l llave a

cauple

of

ciranges please.

He

neecls

c bit

o

tih

C

El articuloa an

se

emplea

en

ciertas expresiones

de

velocidad,

frecuencia

o

precio. En

tales casos,

se

podría poner también per.

The

car

wac

trave//i/ ii7g

f une hundred ki/oinei ,.es n I io~tr

pef

hour).

(El coche iba

a

cien kildmetrospor (a la) hora.)

vfsit my

grandparents three

times

a

weela

per weak .

Visito a mis abuelos tres veces por (a la) semana.)

Tliese

mushrooins ost fwo dollars a kilo per I<ilo).

Estos charnpiñones cuestan dos dólares el kilo.)

No se usa a an

con

nombres

incontables.

Please get miflfand b stfercin

your

way

horne.



A El articulodefinido the se usa ante nombres específicos

tanto

en

singular como en plural y ante nombres

que ya

han sido mencionados

con anterioridad.

The moon

is very

bright tonight (s61o hay

una

luna)

1 fl~oclgfifhe parfy was wot~ded~,l.una fiesta especifica conocida

tanto por el

que

h a b l a ~ o m o

or

el

que escucha)

She

/¡ves in rny neiglibouthood.

T w

enirghbcirrr ~ood

s f r~ l l

f

udents

ya ha sido mencionado)

The se emplea también ante nombrespropios de: personas, cuando

indicamos una familla por

su

apellido (the

Smiths ,

rios theNile),

mares the Black Sea , montañas theAlpc ,

islas

the

Canary

lslands),

desiertos (the Sahara},algunos

paises theNetherlands .

he va seguido de

un

adjetivo cuando queremosexpresar

una

clase

de

gente o animales.

Oniy r f ~ e

ich can

shnp

i 7 ff?ispJr?c13

The inericans a n d he Spaniards

are

very

competifive

pcople

D Los

instrumentos musicales

llevan artículos,

pero los deportes no

play h

lute,f l ~ eiano and the g ijfar.

ha

fe

p1;iyincg

fooiPJ3alI

nd

Penni.9.

E

Con

palabras como

chapel,

prison,

hospital,

school,

market,

no

debemos

poner articulo si

vamos

a ellas

con

el

fin para el que se

construyeron,

pero debemos ponerlo,si

vamos

con

otros fines,

por

ejemplo, a visitar.

Tf?acliiei s

and pupils

go

Po

school,

b¿it

pc71-enisgo

to the cchool

fn

rrleet their ck~ilc l~n seaci lers.

F The se usa

también

con

los

superlativos.

This is fhio bcst

winc

have ever

lasted.

EXERCISE

2

Fill in the blanks with a o r a n

where

necessary. Remember:

They

appear

before

sirigui.~r

count nouns.

1.

Maria bought

...?

...

red

sweater,

but

John

boughi ..? *..,

orange

one.

2.

The childrenw r taken

to

......... oo and saw .........big elephant, ......... ery

I

angry tiger and .........al1giraffe.

I

3.

John had .........ce-cream

and

Rachel had ......... orange.

i



4. lan wants to be .........architect

and

Jane wants

to

be ......... lawyer

.........

.

Where can I get information about the trip?

6.

This job will

t ke me

about ......... our.

7. Jill has .........bionde hair and blue eyes

.......... Mike had operation yesterday.

9.

Mr

and Mrs

Brown

went

on .........European tour and

saw

.........ot of

beautiful places.

10.

.........

UN peacekeeping force, including ......... group of sotdiers

from

France,

has been sent to .........Serbia.

1

1

We

bought

.........

ea

.........

offee

and

.........

milk at

the

supermarket.

12. In fairy

tales

......... andsome prince usually marries

.........

poar but beautiful

girl.

13. asked hirn for

.........

advice, but he couldn t help me

14. When we were in Paris,

we

went to ......... airite Chapelle and saw

.........

wonderful siained-glass windows.

15. e had ......... xcellent weather on our holiday.

EXERCfSE

3

Fill in the blanks witk the where necessary.

1. I have

given

the og his

dinner.

2. think

......... ogs make good

pets;

in fact, I think

they

are .........best.

3. don l

like

, .. ,., ,

children

next door,

4. only like hildren when they are well behaved.

5, We took ......... children to

.........

stanbul

when

we were in ......... Turkey.

6.

.........book I have just finished reading was written by ......... Agatha

Christie.

..........

......... Agatha Christie book I have jusZ finished is

best have ever read.

8 Do

you think that ......... onesty is really the

best

policy?

9.

We have ......... cornflakes every morning for .........breakfast

10. Before you go to ......... London, go and s ......... Brian. He was there

recently

and

can tell you

.........

est theatres

to

go to

and

where to get

.........

good meals.

11. ......... food is in .........ven.

12. always enjoy

seeing .........

beauty

of .........

attzre.



EXERCISE4

Fill in

the

blanks with

a

an or

th

where

necessary.

1 If

you buy

l..

weater, make sure

you

get ..he.ight size.

S We

saw

.........very bright star last night, which

we

think rnight have been

.........

lanet Venus

3 Pleaseput .........milkin .........ridge.

4

.........udge can

send

.........people to prison for many years.

5

When we went to .........New York

we

stayed

at

......... ~ a n dHotel.

6 Many factory owners

i? .........

ast century would not allow their employees to

.........

elong

to

union

7 When you went to

.........

London, did yau see

.........

Big Ben?

8

......... Mount Everest is ......... orld s highest mountain.

.................

........

.

In 191

2

Titanicsank in NortR Atlantic after striking

iceberg

......... .........

0 When .........Russian presidentwent to

Washington, he went to

White House and met .........president.

11

l you

are tired

go to bed.

12.

Do

you

think we

can

ever

come

2

agreement?

13

It

s very easy to

give .........advice,

but

less easy to

foilow

it.

14 Phil Collins wrote a song about .........homeless.

15 Sometimes .........nformation is not easy Zo obtain.



3 TI-IE PLURAL FORM- EL

PLURAL

A

El plural se suele formar añadiendo s al nombre

(hook

F

boolrc .

Sólo

tienen

forma plural los nombres contables

t o s

incontables no

tienen forma plural.

Reglas

ortográficas

1

Cuandoe3 nombre acaba en S, z h x sh y

o

se añade

es.

bus biises

Aox boxes

churck - chusches tomafo - omaioes

ush

fi

lsushes

Pero

hay algunas excepciones:

piano -+ pianos radio

-

radios

stereo i stereos

2

Si el nombre singular acaba

en

vocal a, e, i,

o u

o

y se

atíade

s.

taBle

a

tables

key -+ / eys

ero

si

lay va precedida de consonante se cambia

la

y por

y

se

añade

es

i a . y .-

ies

3 Hay

unos pocos nombres que acaban en f y

fe

que cambian

la

f y

la

f os Y y se les

añade

es.

tl iief3

thiews loaf .

loav s

kn

fe -+

knives

half

-. halves

wife

a

w i v ~ s

wif

b

woives

lea r lea

ves

shelf sheives

Hay algunas excepciones que forman el plural añadiendo S:

cliff

-

cliffs

handkerchief

b

h ndkerchiefs

Algunos como

hoof

o sc rf pueden tener ambos plurales.

hoof -

hoofs, hooves

scarf -

scarfs

scarves

4

Existen unos

pocos

plurales irregularesque

debes

aprender

man

-

men

footl t

teeth

woman

-

womet~

goose

- geese

MOUSB

+

mi e

ox

- oxen

foot feet child -

children

Hay algunos nombres que tienen la misma

forma

en singular que en

plural.

oni? cfeer

+

wo deer

one

salmon

+

wo sa rnon

Fish tiene la misma forma en singular y en plural si

se

trata de

peces, pero

se

dice fishes para pescados.



B Algunos nombres tienen s61o una forma plural

y

van seguidos de un

verbo plural: glasses

savlngs

rrousers scicsors.

hese scissois re shaup

C Ciertos nombres

que

acaban en s

parecen

plurales pero van seguidos

de una verbo en singular:

mathematics,

gymnastics politics

phonetics.

Nota:

Hay

algunos nombres como news,

advice informatian

furniture

que

tienen sentido

plural

aunque

llevan

el verbo en singular,

This s th news read by eter Smifti

(Estas son as noticias leidas por Peter Smith.)

Si quiero

dar

una sola noticia tengo que usarpieceof news

Lo

mismo

ocurre con advice, information furniture.

EXERCISE 5

Write the plural form

of

the nouns

below.

1

thief

2. glove

3.

man

4. salesman

5.

table

6 roof

7. tomato

8. class

9.

country

10

bath

11

knife

12. tooth

13

wish

14. baby

15.

box

16.

toy

17. envelope

18 glass

19

fox

20.

oy

EXERCISE

6

Fill Jn the biankswith

the

plural form of the nouns below.Try

to

use all of the

words.

child foot k y monkey rnocrse radio tooth wornan

1. Two of my son's eefh..... ell out last night

2. My urt.

I

ran too

much

yesterday

3.

Many

ike

to wear make-up.



...................

.

We

found three in our classroom.

How

awful

5.

The ...................

arne home

early

from school today.

J

6. I'm in trouble. I left rny ...................

t

home.

7. Eveyone loves

to

watch

the ...................

n tke

zoo,

...................

.

We

have three in our house.

4

POSSECSIOM LA POSESIÓN

Para expresar

la

posesi6n

de

personas, animales o paises

sol mos

emplear

s.

A

Se usa S después

de un

nombre que

no

acabe en s y

sólo

ponemos el

apóstrofe si la palabra acaba en s.

The

bird s wing is

broken.

These

are fh girl s hafs. (los sombreros

de una

niña)

These

are fh gixls hafs los sombreros de varias niñas)

B Empleamos S

al

final

de

nombres compuestos,

es

decir, de nombres

formados porvarias palabras.

Today is my

brother-in-law s

birfhday

Thaf s fh

Queen of Engiand syacht

Si dos

personas

poseen la

misma

cosa

se pone S

detrás

de

la Última.

ary and Pefer s weddíng was lovely.

Pero si

c d

una de las personas posee una cosa diferente

se

pone

S

a

cada una.

Mary s

and

Sane s birfhday, cada una tiene su propia cumpleaños)

D

Sin embargo

hay

unas cuantas frases hechas que si lo utilizan:

1 con expresiones de tiempo.

a week s boliday (unas vacaciones de una semana)

twenfy rninutes break un recreo de veinte minutos)

today spaper el periddico de hoy)

2 con vehículos.

the

car s

engine

3

con organizaciones.

fh

overnmenf

s

policy

Nota:

A veces

podemos omitir la cosa poseída si

se

trata

de una casa,

tienda o porque ya se ha nombrado anteriormente.

David s (se sobreentiendehouse)

I m

gaing to my

mother s.

t lw

butcher s



Nouns

EXERCISE

Circle the correct

answer.

...................

. The

jewels

of the king are jewels.

a.

the kings

@

the

king's

2. The ha2 of the lady is

...................

at.

a.

the

ladies'

b. the lady's

3. The cry of the babies is ...................

ry.

a. the

babies'

b

the

baby s

4. The crime of the thief is ...................rime.

a.

the thieves

b. tRe thief's

....................

The tail of the dog is tail.

a.

the dog's

b the dogs

...................

.

The

test was

excellent.

a.

pupils b. pupil

7.

Yesterday

was the ...................

day

off.

a.

salesmen b. salesman's

8. We could see

one

...................

at.

a.

boy's

b.

boys

...................

.

Chocolate

is not good for

teeth

a.

ckildren's b. children

10. This is

...................

ome.

a.

Mr Srniths b. Mr Smith

c.

the kings

c.

the ladies

c.

the babies

c. the thieves

c.

the

dogs

c.

pupil's

C

salesrnan

c. boys

c.

child

c. Mr Srnith's

EXERCISE

8

Rewrite the following sentences to include S or .

1.

This house

elongs

to the Johnsons.

.Tti.is. ~.;..th.e.~ ? n ~ ~ n s I . o o u ~ e . . ,...........................................................................

2.

The teacher listened to the comglaint

of the

pupil.

..........................................................................................................................

3 The son of Mr

and Mrs Byron is at

home.

..........................................................................................................................

4. Many peop le still remember the assassination of President Kennedy.



5. This ticket belongs to my sister-in-law.She ¡S taking a holiday for a week

......................................................................

...................................................

6.

We studied

the

poems of Lorca last year.

......................................................................

...................................................

COMRilON PIOUhl ENDINGS

OS T EW~~IIIII\FACIONES

n :\s

FRE UENTES

DEI,

NOMBRE

A

veces podemos reconocer un sustantivo por su terminación. Entre las

más

frecuentes tenemos

las

siguientes:

ai~~ rcarancc aiciilif v

fcacher

rnoi/emeni

rieighlroiirl~no h a p p i t ~ c s s

cornmr~t?i.i;m

friends i

o,ofinrir; ope aficln

EICERCISE

CircSe

the correct

answer.

....................

I can t hear you We have a

bad

a.

connecting

b

connect

@

connection

2.

A

baby's ...................s helped by good food and exercise.

a.

development

b.

develops

c.

developmental

3.

This

...................

eceived the Nobel Peace Prize.

a. scientifical'ly

b

scientific c. scientist

4.

WhFch

...................

o you

live

in?

a. neighbour

b.

neighbourhood

c.

neighbourly

5. Your story shows that

you

have a good ....................

a. Fmaglnary

b

imagine c. imagination

6. Did you get an

...................

o their wedding?

a.

invitation

b

invite

c.

invitingly



....................

. The twa

nations signed an

a. agreeable b. agree

c.

agreement

....................

, t h e

brothers have

a close

a.

relate

b.

relationship

c.

relatively

9. Your ................... e ns a lot tome.

a. friends

b.

friendly

c.

friendship

10. The farmers are afraid of losing their ................... ecause of

the

drought.

a. livelihood b. lively

c.

lives

A

Some

ny

se usan

para hablar

sobre números

o cantidades

indefinidas.Some se usa con oraciones afirmativasy any para

interrogativas

y

negativas.

~iiir?l<

lle a

is

scii ie

colice

iti tlio c~~phoarrl .afirmativa)

W w e there nny caljs for ine?(interrogativa)

We hr7vcn t got 8ny

inilEc

negativa)

6 Analiza algunos otros

usos

de some y any. Se emplea some con una

frase interrogativa:

cuando

se

expresa un ofrecimientoy esperamos una respuesta

afirmativa.

Worilci

you

Eike

s n t n e mor^ cnke? (al expresarunofrecimiento)

Can

I iave sorwe fea please? alexpresar una petición}

Se

emplea

any:

cuando

queremos

expresar cualquiera .

Tgk r nnjr

book you

w m l . Coge el libro

que

quieras.)

Any silidcnt can unc/e sMnd

i i i ~

Cualquier estudiante puede

entender esto.)

despues

de ¡f.

l f tliere are

ai?y

cc?l/s

ahe a inessage

Si

hay alguna

llamada,

coge

el

mensaje.)

Es

importante que sepas

que ny no

tiene sentido negativoen inglés.

Nota:

Estas mismas

reglas que

acabamos

de dar

se

aplican para

los

compuestos anybody, anyone, anything samewhere anywhere,

something

someone,

somebody, etc.



C Si el

verbo va en

forma afirmativa, no empleamos

any

sino que

pondremos no + nombre, nothing,

nobody

o no

one.None

o va

seguido

de un nombre. None of

va

seguido d nombre plural o de

pronombre.

haven't any rnoney.

have

no money.

ha ven t

any

boaks.

have

no kooks

How much money

do

you ha ve? None.

Nene of

the pupils arrived on

time.

A

Much /

little a little se

usan con

nombre

incontables.

Littletiene un significado negativo (poco); pero a little tiene

un

sentido

positivo un poco).

He hasn'f

got

much rnoney.

He h s

Iittle time

for

relaxation. (casi

nada

de tiempo)

Hehas a

little

rnoney left no demasiado pero algo)

Many / few a few se usan con nombres contables.

ew tiene sentido negativo mientras que a

few

tiene un sentido positivo.

She has many friends.(muchos)

They have few contacts here. (casi ninguno)

We

have a

few

books

here. no emasiados, pero algunos)

Nota:7 00 much

y

too many expresan mas

de

lo necesario

You re spending

t ~ o

uck time o

your

hobby.

Thereare too many

plates

o the table

Much se

suele emplear

con

frases negativas,

He hasn't

~ad

uch

Iuck

late .

C A ot df lots

of

plenty

of

pueden usarsecon nombres incontables y

con nombres contables en plural.

here is

a

lot of /plenty of

lots

of

food.

There ha

ve

been a

lof

ofJ ots of plenty of problems.

EXERCISE10

Fill in the blanks

with some or any.

..... ....

Will you

ge2

me sC?e stamps when you go

out?

l

..................

.

Do

you have books about computers?

..................

3. We ve run out of sugar. Can you let me have

, please?

..................

. Are tkere good programrnes on T V tonight?



5

Would you like to see .................. photos f rom

our

holiday?

6. bought ..................ranges,

because

I couldn't see .................. ananas.

7 ..................ogs

make such a lot of noise

8.

There

won't

be

..................

rains

tomorrow;

there s

geing

to be

a

strike.

9.

Andrea said she knows ..................people who could help me.

10. Rhonda wanted ..................ooks

about

ghosts but the library didn't have

EXERCISE

11

Fiill

in

the blanks

with

some,any

none

none

of

or

no.

I.

......

......

newspaper will do;

they

al1

have

the

TV

programmes in them.

2

..................eople are never catisfied

3.

1s there .................. offee left?"

"No, I'm sorry. There are .................. drinks at al ."

4.

..................hese pupils has the correct answer.

5. If there is

..................

eason why

you can t

do the job, please tell me now.

6. There must be

..................

eason for

vvhat

Simon did.

7. ..................of

these

pupils will pass the test. They haven't studied.

8. Do you have

..................

ed apples? If

you

do, 171 buy

...................

9. ..................upil who cheats will be punished.

10. "How

many pugils tried to cheat?"

"...................hey al1 did

the

exam

properly."

EXERCISE 12

Fill in

the

blanks with

somebody, someone, something

somewhere

anybody,

anyone

anything

or anywhere. ere may be more than one correct answer.

1.

id

you

do

...... l h ?g.....

nteresting

when you

were

in

Madrid?

2. Can

you lend

me

........................

o

read?

3.

can1€ind ......................... to sit;

can you

find me

.........................

4. ......................

.. can

show you

the

way to

the Prado.

5.

Will

.........................

lease

help me?

6. Fish is

........................

uth never eats.



Was your hotel n Torremolinos ........................ear the centre of town?

..........................

can t find

rny gtasses

must have

left

them

We

went skiing

last

rnonth.

It's

.........................

do every

year.

.........................

ould you like

to drink?

If ........................wants

me,

don t

say

where l've

gone.

.........................

didn t like

the

place where

we

stayed; Zhere wasn t

to

do

n

the evenings.

f ........................knowswho took the money, he or

she

should say

..........................

You

can t eat in

the

hotel looking

like

that

Put

.........................

bit

smarler

on, or ........................ rnight say something.

.........................

.........................

don t want to eat, thanks,

I

had before

carne.

EXERCISE

13

Fill in the blanks wíth anythlng, anywhere, nothing,

nowhere,

o

one

or

nobody.There may be more than one correct answer.

1 There s

.

?riwAe?.. to sit.

2 ..................an

say

Tom didn t try hard in his exam.

3.

This

room

is so full There isn t ..................o put ...................

4. We didn t really enjoy our holiday because in the evenings there was

...................................o go and

to do.

5.

If

you're

not planning to go ..................his evening, let s go t

the

cinema.

6. There s ..................o eat in the house

Lets

eat out.

7 ..................ver wants to put petrol in the

car

..................

.

You are

a

real bore.

You've

never

been ..................

r

done

9. There s ..................like better than resting on Sundays.

10. There s been

..................orth

watching on the

TV lately

EXERCISE 1 4

Fill in the blanks with much many ora ot

of. There

may be more than one

correct

answer.

1.

We

haven t got , . ?? r ck .a o t~ . ilk left.



2. I have

....................

....English books,

but

not .........................n French.

3.

can't eat al1 this You've

given

me too ..........................

eat and

too

.........................potatoes.

4. Haven't you got too

..........................

uggage? We're only going away for two

days

..........................

.

Don't

put

too milk

in

rny coffee,piease

6. Bill

is so popular; he has such .......................

.. friends.

..........................

.

don't think ver - of that idea.

8. There are

..........................

ourists

here

in the surnmer, bu not

..........................

n the winter. This is

because

there are ........................

things

to

do

in the sumrner, but tkere s not

..........................

o da

n

the

winter.

......................... ..........................

. like sugar in coffee, but nol in tea.

..........................

0.

That

dog

causes

problems, Why don't

his

owners do

something?

..........................

peaple want to be film stars, but not

.......................

..

of

them succeed.

12.

He doesn" have .........................riends, bec use

he

talks too

...........................

..........................

3.

think

you

paid

too

for that

oid

starnp.

It's

really not worth

...........................

ery

14.

David didn t seem to take ..........................otice of

us

when

we

arrived.

........................

5. Dr

Brock

is

really wunderful Nothing

is too

trouble for him.

Not ..................octors

are

like that

EXERCISE

15

Replace

the underlined

werds

with little

few, a

little ora Sew.

1. Dave has

some

very

valuable stamps.

..............................................................

ve. hica

c,K.

vm ? uab e.E?tzi ??l?~-.

2.

Would you like some more rneat?

3. Alan

was away

from school for two or three

days.

....

......................................................................................................................

4. Not manv people go to the South Pole for a holiday

...........................................................................................................................



5 have alrnost no

money Feft

to spend on gifts.

6 There are still two or three rooms to paint.

EXERCISE

16

Roose

the correct answer.

...................

We don't need more tornatoes.

a. some b

no

nY

2

The homeless

man

had

...................

o

sleep.

a.

somewhere b. nowhere C. anywhere

3 She refused to say

to

the police.

a.

nothing b something C. anything

4 I'm afraid there isn't ...................ake left

a much b.

some

c.

a

little

5

Can I borrow ................... f your books to revise for my

exam?

a.

few

b.

many

C.

some

6. I'm sure heard ...................al

my

name

a.

somebody

b

nobody

c.

anybody

7

I d like to spend ...................

days

in Greece.

a

a little b

few

C. a few

8 There's

...................

ood left over frem the party.

a. much b. a lot of

c. many

9

I've

read

...................

ooks

you

lent me.

a al the

b.

the whole c. any

10 We didn't meet

...................

e knew when we went

ta

the

cinema.

a someone b.

no

one

c.

anyone

...................

1 Did

you

do interesting over

the weekend?

a.

nothing b. anything c

a

lot of

12 I'vek d

...................

to eat

a.

toa

many

b

toomuch

c. a

lot

of

13

There's ................... eat left if you'd like some.

a

a little

b. little

c. any

...................

4 The exam was so difficult that

people

passed.

a. a few

b. some

c . few



Nouni

-15.The food

was

se delicious that ...................as left.

a.

Iittle

b.

some c.

a

liitle

A Both neither either se usan cuando hablamos de

dos

cosas.

Both

of

neither

of y

either of

requieren

el

artículo

the o

un pronombre.

oth

hotels

are recommended or

th

of

the hotels ...

fre two

girls ha v

arrived Both of

fhem re

ready

to

he@

..

either colour

suits

you or Meither of

th

colours .)

...

Y eenjoy ith r

film

or

eirher

of

the

films.

B Either ...or significa el uno o el otro.

either ...nor significa ni el

uno

ni

l

otro.

have eifher coffee

or

tea for breakfast sentida positivo)

drink neidher coffee nor tea for

breakfact

sentido negativo)

EXERCISE 7

Choose th correct answer

1.

...................

people today have TV sets.

a. Any b. Either

@

Many

2. ...................offee ar tea will be fine, thank you.

a. Either b. EEther of

c .

Neither

3.

...................

he

films

are

highly

recommended.

a.

Either b. Both of c. Most

4. Eric has ................... en nor paper. How can he possibly t ke

notes?

a.

both

b. neither c. either

5. The anti-drug campaign was supported by ...................

the

senior classes at

our

school.

a.

neither of b bofh of c. either of

6.

Dan

................... either an umbrella nor a coat and tk raining outside. How

silly of

him

a. hasn t taken b. has taken

c.

took



R

M SCUtlNE ANiD FEMlMlNE

NOUMS

LOS NOfiffERES M SCULINOS Y F M NINOS

A

La mayoría

e

los nombres

no

tienen

g4nero.

am speaking to

y friend trlend puede ser amigo o amiga)

We have an exc8llei1fdoctor el médico puede ser un hombre o una

mujer)

B

Tan s61o unos cuantos nombres tiene forma masculinay femenina.

Algunos forman el femenino cambiando la terminación.

actor ricti ess prín e

pi inccss

~miIer waiti ess

Otros nombres son totalmente diferentes en femenino y masculino.

hoy

- fi gii'

rinckc

-+

a l ~ i l t bu cow

hinther sister neplieili

-4

niew stallioii i~saio

Irrtshai d

in/iFr;i

mcrncrs. 1

R

Label each noun M rnasculine), F ferninine) or B

both

masculine and ferninine).

1.

B aitist

2. ..... dancer

.....

. surgeon

4.

.....

actor

5. ..... friend

6.

.....

daughter

7 ....

actress

8. ..... king

9. ..... painter

10.

.....

uncle

1 ..... queen

.....

2. aunt

13. .....

teacher

14. ..... baby

15. ..... child

.....

6. president

17. ..... policernan

18 ..... doctor

19.

.....

people

20.

..... son

21 .....

nurse

.....

2

father

.....

3. hostess

24. .....

saleswoman



Mouns

j

COMPOUMD NQUNS

LOS

NOMBRES COMPUESTOS

Un nombre compuesto esth formado

por

dos a mAs nombres.

A Los nombres compuestos pueden escribirse untos,

es

decir, omo una

sola

palabra

housewlfe),

separados

bankaccount)o con

guión entre

ambas

palabras

pen-name).

He S

j ~olicemati

I tn goiiig o Sl~e os?

office.

Don i

fogef

your sleepinp/?ng.

Para formar

el

plural de los nombres contables compuestos se añade

una S

al segundo nombre.

Wl ich

foufh

I ~ a s f e l s

ic

yoir

ei?joy

mos

?

A

Look

at

the lists below Form compound

nouns

by matching the words from

A

with those

in

0

and th words from

C with

those in

D

A

\::

water

C

alarm d.

head e

dis

h f

motor

g-

tape h.

fire 1

steering

i

cycle

clock

mate

recorder

brigade

skiing

washer

songs

wheel

ache

c

contact

cotton

tooth

human

washing

armed

credit

vocal

text

television

D

machine

book

cords

wool

card

tenses

rights

set

brush

forces

B.

Now

use

the

cornpound

nouns

above to complete the

sentences

below.

:

1.

He paid for

his

new clothes

by

iEd tCa :Q.....

instead

of

writing a

cheque.

2. She turned the f her car sharply

to

avoid hitting the dog.

3.

Jane was late

for

work because

her

idn't go off

4 We

called the hen

we saw smoke

in

the

xoom.



5. You can clean that wound with some ............................

nd

alcohol.

6

Amnesty lnternational is welf known for its work i~ the field of

............................

.

When you buy this toothpaste, you get a free

with ¡t.

8.

Ske has stopped wearing

grasses

and she s wearing

............................

instead.

9

ut the dirty clothes

in

the ........................

10.

If

you stay in a students residence at university, you may have to share

with

a .............................

~ a o~ o u n r s

ND POSSECSIVE ADJECTIVES

LOS PRONOMBRES PERSONALES

DE

SUJETO

Y

OBJETO;

LOS

PRQNQRIlBRES Y

DJETIVOS

POSESIVOS;

LOS PRONODARRES REFLEXIVOS

A

Pronombres personalesde sujeto y objeto

ubject Object

me

You YOU

He him

She her

It it

We

US

You YOU

They

them

En

ciertas

ocasiones

en lugar

de

poner

un

nombre

conviene

poner

un

pronombre para asi evitar repeticiones.

Masy

is

very tall

he s

siso thin

En lugar de decir dos veces

May h mos

puesto el pronombre personal

she

Los pronombres personales pueden ser:

1 sujeto de un verbo

She is tall

2

objeto

de

un

verbo

ary visited

him



B

Pronombres

y

adjetivos posesivos

Possessive

Adjective

'- Y

your

his

her

ts

our

your

their

Possessive

Pronoun

mine

yours

his

hers

its

ours

you

rs

theirs

Los pronombres posesivos

van

en

lugar del

nom re

indicando

posesión.

1h ve a book

tt

js mine

(mine

sustituye a my book

Los adjetivos posesivos acompañian

al

nombre indicando pertenencia.

I lave

car. t is my

car

C

Pronombres

reflexivos

myself ourselves

yourseff you rselves

himself

themsehes

herself

itself

oneself

Tienen

tres

usos:

1

Como

objeto

de unverbo cuando el sujeto y el objeto es la

misma

persona.

cttt myself l st

week.

2

Despuesde preposición,cuando el sujeto de

un

verbo

y

el

objeto de

la preposicion

es la misma

persona,

He

us be

mad.

He w s t lloing tu himself

One may talk to on s lf

when

one is alone.

Nota: Si

el

reflexivova precedido

de

by se traduce por

solo ,

sin

ayuda .

like to walh by myself

(Me gusta

pasear solo.

Para dar énfasis a un nombre

o

pronombre.

hequeen herseH helpe me

he

wrote

it

herself

Fíjateque el reflexivose

puede

colocar después del nombre, del

pronombreo al final

de

la frase.





Nouns

5

Cary and Iwere washing

..................ar

and we got

..................

hoes

completely

wet

Larry s shoes

were

canvas,

so ..................

ried very quickly,

but

..................ook two days to dry.

6

We

have three children in

..................

arnily.

..................

lder brother,

Jack,

is living with .................. randparents in London now because ..................

..................

chool is in London too.

hous

¡S

quite big

so they have plenty of

room.

EXERCISE 22

Replace the underlined words

with

the correct pronouns.

l

lives next door

to

Sue

..................................................................................

-l@ l~e,c.ntixt

d(. c r.O, ?EI:.

2. as just bought

t he

book.

...........................................................................................................................

3.

Have the twins receivedPaul s letter?

...........................................................................................................................

4. MYolder brother oft n shouts at Tom andm

...........................................................................................................................

5. These keys are their kevs

...........................................................................................................................

8

This riresent is for

mv

husband s and

mv

anniversary.

...........................................................................................................................

7.

This

camera

is

her

carnera

...........................................................................................................................

8

The

two airls lookedat the

books

that belonaed to them lying on the floor.

...........................................................................................................................

EXERCISE 23

Fill in

th

blanks

with

the correct pronouns

or

adjectives

.....

.

The

Bensons live in England,

but

. ?e [ daughter lives in France.

2.

Give

me

those books. They re

...................

3. They want

us

to go with ..................

o

the cinema.



4. This is Mary. I've known ..................l1 my life. ..................

s

my cousin.

5.

know these children, but I can t

remember

..................ames.

...................

. They don't

have

a telephone, so

we let

them use

..................

. Did she enjoy

at

the rack conceri?

....................

The little boy

was afraid

because

he was

at home al

by

9.

don?

tave

a pen Can I borrow ..................or

a

minute?

10. This robot

can

make coffee al1 by ...................

EXERCISE

4

Translate the sentences below into your native language.

1. My friends can't come tonight because their

car

is in Zhe garage.

2.

These

children didn't like the fish. They left it on Zheir plates.

3.

They lived in rich neighbourhoods before, but now hey re living

in

a srnall

house in the country.

4. lov nature and take long walks in the woods v ry evening.

5. Our ost

and

hostess invited rny niece and nephew to spend the weekend in

their sumrner house

y

the sea.

6.

"Would you like some coffee?"

"No,

thanks. F've just had some.

7

have very

little

spare

time nowadays.

8. He watckes too much

V

and too many films

on

video.



MULTIPLE CHOICE CLOZE:

Choose tke correct

answer.

Maria had been working very hard. Her friends told her she should t ke 1

a,

an,

the,

some) quiet holiday

by

(2

her,

her

own, herself, hers). So Maria took her

(3 friends', friend's, friends, friend) advice and began to make 4 herself, the, any,

some plans. She went to the (5

travel s

agency, travel agency, travelling agency,

travellers'

agency

to arrange

her

holiday.She

asked

Zhe agent to

give

her

(6 an, a

few,

sorne, any) information

about

places

to

go for

a

7

week, weeks',

weekly,

week's)

holiday. "Would you like to

go

to Paris or London? Flights to Paris and

London are more popular than 8 sornewhere, nowhere, everywhere, anywhere)

else."Maria reglied, "(9 Either, Or, Neither, Both Paris nos London appeals to

me.

Don t you have

10

some, any, a few,

either)

flights

to

the Greek idandc?

5 p d khE

Error

F : Can

you correct the rnistakes?

She used to live in Spain

but

now she is living in United States.

.........................................................................................................................

It took

us

over

a

hour

to

reach the top of the mountain.

.........................................................................................................................

The latest news are quite shocking.

.........................................................................................................................

Most

woman

earn less than

men

doing the

same

work.

.........................................................................................................................

How much TV programmesdo you watch

every

night?

.........................................................................................................................

It's

very

strange but

Zhis

circus doesn't have some clowns

.........................................................................................................................

This is

my

girlfriend hat's.

1 II I

The waiter

who

served

u

was excellent

and we gave

her

a

large tip.

I

When Edward saw him in the rnirror, he

decided

that

he

needed

a

haircut.

.........................................................................................................................

can t find my

English book.

1s

this one

yours

or my?

.........................................................................................................................



THE

.

PRESENT

SIMPLE

EL PRESENTE SIMPLE b

STPi

LOS

1

PRESEF

.... . .

S

LA

ESTRUCTURA DE

LAS PREGUNTAS

..... 9

INUOUO

.

. .

NUO

................

rlVE VERBS

NO

I U s u a r uatv

IN I

n t r u ~

1NUOUS)

45

ERBO

.

.m..*..-=.

DS

CON'



The Imperative, Pieient Simple, P ie ~ e n l ontlnuouq Ia ti v e Vefbs

1

THE IMPERATIVE EL

IMPERATIVO

Afirmativa: Raíz

del verbo infinitivo sln

to) Go now

Have a nice day.

Negativa: Do

not (Don ) raíz del

verbo Don f

warry.

Do

nat rnove

A

Empleamos

el

imperativo para

dar

órdenes,

hacer

sugerencias y pedir a

alguien que

haga algo.

ome here

Have a

drink.

Help me

with

this big

bag

B El

imperativo

no

se suele usar

con

sujeto, pero

podemos añadirlo

especialmente cuando queremos dejar claro a

quien

estamos

dirigiéndonos.

Jein LIS ,

Peggy

Sit down everybody.

Somebody

answer that

phone

Tom, don't rnovc.

C o

se puede

colocar

antes

de

la

forma

afirmativa

para

dar

mayor

énfasis

al

imperativo. Esta

suele

ocurrir en

peticiones

educadas o

quejas,

Do sif

down.

Do fry and keep quiet.

Nota:

Cuando hay un imperativo seguido de un infinitivo se suelen unir

con

and, y se quita

el

to.

Do fryfo keep quiet. /Do ry nd keep quiet.

C ~ m e

o

visif

uc.

Come

and

visif

us

D

Dose

usa incluso con el verbo

be

recuerda que no

lo

hace

con

ningUn

otro tiempo del verbo to be .

1 para

la

forma negativa del imperativo.

Don te afe

Don t be silly

2 para

dar

enfasis.

Do be nice

to Aunt Clara

Do

be

here

on

time



E A

veces

empleamos you

delante

de un

imperativo para indicar que

estamos irritados tanto en forma afirmativacomo en

negativa.

Don l iio r [ / y fo ct?eail

13cin f

mrr

mov

I\iotx En

español

la forma negativa se podría traducir por "ni

se

te

ocurra ..." en la forma afirmativa, posiblemente ndicamos la irritacidn

con

el tono. Oralmente, in inglés, debemos poner el acento en

you.

F

Para

expresar el imperativode primera persona del plural que tenemos

en español

(que

en realidad indicauna arden suavizada, o una

sugerencia,

pues

se incluye la persona

que

la da), se utiliza

let s

(let

us) infinitivo

sin

to.

I-sf r: :.ii cly

(iEstudiemos )

I-cf

:.:

i17d sulrlt/on/

(i

Encontremos una solución )

I r r;

revise ili

kesso iRevisemos

la

lección )

La

negativa

se

puede hacer

de

dos

maneras:

L.ef s nol

..;trcrirtl

(i

No

gritemos )

Ciori i

I ~ i r ollow

tlt ri~t

¡NO

s sigamos )

Nota Aunque

las dos

son correctas,

se su l

emplear

mas la

primera.

EXFRCISE 1

Rewrite tke following sentences using the imperative form.

1.

Can

you come Rere, please?

Come here,pplea,sf:.

...................................................................................................................

2.

Would

you

al

sit

down?

...................................................................................................................

3. Can't you just be quiet?

..................................................................................................................

4. You can't be late for this meeting

...................................................................................................................

5. Would you be kind enough

to

get

me

a drink of water?

...................................................................................................................

6.

don't like it when

you

tell me what

to

do

.....................................................................................................................

7.

I d like to

ask

you not to smoke near tke baby.



The ImpersHvs,Present Simple, Present

Continunus,

StaHve Veibs

8. hope you sleep well. Good night

EXERCISE 2

Answer the following questions using the words in brackets and Zhe gositive or

negative form of the imperative.

1.

I'm going to the post office.Do you want anything? (gel stamps)

Yes

.

lease

g@f

ne.co nes ~ . m ~ s , .

.................................................................

2.

Can

I speak English here? Will everyone understand? (speak)

................................................................................................................

o,

3. I h m king lunch.Would you like to join me? (make sandwich)

................................................................................................................

es,

4.

Do you want to watch

this

video with me? (turn on}

Yes,

..................... ....................................................................................

5. Can 1 open the window? (open)

.................................................................................................................

a,

6

Can

yoti explain it again please? (pay altention)

All right, but ......................................................................................................I

7. We re in a hurty. Are you ready?

(wait)

No,

so ......................................

............

..... .......

8. WRat are

you

doing tonight? (phone)

don't

know.

.............................

...................................................................



THE PRESENT SIMPLE-

EL

PRESENTESIMPI-E

Afirmativa:

sujeto

raíz

del

verbo

work.

sujeto raíz del

verbo

s 3gpersona singular)

He warks

Negativa:

sujeto

do

not raízdel verbo

do

not

work

sujeto does not

r íz

del verbo (3 persona singular)

He

does not

work.

Interrogativa:

Do sujeto raíz del verbo

o hey

work?

oes

sujeto raíz

del

verbo 38persona

singular)

oes

jt

work?

El

presente simple

se emplea en

los

sigui nt scasos:

A

Para

expresar

verdades generales

o

hechos.

Water boils at

100

degrees.

B

Para expresar hábitos

o

costumbres.

Suele

ir acompañado por

expresiones que indiquenque

la

acción ocurre regularmente como

every day usually,

frequently,

etc.

Slle

wa

lks

o scl iool

every

d8y

C

Para

planes futuros especialmente para referirnos a horarios

o

programas. En la oraci6n debemos poner alguna

expresión

temporal

indicando tiempo futuro.

The

Zrain

leaves in an

hour.

O

Para

contar chistes historias

cuentos

acontecimientosdeportivos etc.

TWO

eople

waJk

into a

restaurant.

One

o fh msays to

the waifer

Fontana kicks fi?e

hall lt

S

a

goal

Expresiones

de

tiempo

Las

siguientes expresiones

de

tiempo

van l

principio o

al

final

de

la frase:

every day each year once a week on T ~ e s d a y

reglrlarly

daily

yearly

in

tl ie eve~?ing tc

Las siguientes expresiones de frecuenciaen cambio aparecen delante del

verbo principal pero

después del verbo to be:

always a

ten sometimes seldorn

usua15y

generally occasionally never



Tñe

ImpeiiAve,

Piesenf

Simple,

Present

Continunus.

Stative

Veibi

- -

Reglas

ortogr ficas

has terceras personasdel

singular

añaden una

S a

la ratz del verbo pero en

algunoscasos hay que hacer algunas modificaciones.

a

Los verbos que

acaban en S

SS sh,

ch, x,

u o,

añaden es.

miss

- misses watch

w tches

m x --

mix s

d sh - d shes

m rch

4

m rches

do -. does

b Los verbos que

c b n

en

y precedida porconsonante cambian

la

y

por i añadiendo es.

t ry

-

fri s

fiy -r flies

c Los

verbos que acaban

en y

precedida de vocal, siguen

la

regla

general,

añaden s.

s y

-- s ys aY aYs enjoy + enjoys

EXERCISE 3

Match the following sentences with the

uses

in the

Grammar

box on page

36.

1.

The

bus

leaves

in half an hour. ........C .......

2.

"Smith

hits

the

ball

over

the

net.

Game '"

3. read a book evety week. ...................

4.

The earth moves around

the

sun. ...................

5.

Julia drives a sporls car. ....................

EXERCISE

4

Choose one verb from

the

list below to

complete

each

sentence.

Put

it

into the

correct form.

meet

have be change

take

drive

scorc

begii?

1.

They always ....... ke ..... he busto work.

2.

Nowadays there

...................more

cars on the

roads

than

ever

before.

...................

. The managers of the company regularly.

.................... Every year the

weather

in

November.

5. Alan ...................

tractor

on

the farrn.

6.

"MagicJohnson ...................hree points in the last second "

7.

The

show ................... t 8.30

p.m.

...................

. f h e United States

of

America 50

states.



F31ERCISE

5

fi ll in the

blanks with

the

Present

Simple form

of the

verbs

in

brackets.

.........

he never

S

.......

visit)

us

an

Sundays.

........................

you

/

always travel) to

work by

train?

........................

he

moon

revolve) around

the

earth.

......................

. Re /

phone)

you

every week?

Every

winter,

my

family .......................

go) to Chamonix for

a week.

The

plane

........................

not leave) until rnidnight.

Water

.......................

not boil)

at 90 entigrade

Sheila

........................

practise) the piano

twice

a

day.

I ve

got a

joke

for

her:

There ........................be) this

tal1

man. He

...

.......................ga)

jnto a

caf8

and

........................

he school year cisually

(begin) on September 1st.

EXER ISE i

Write

sentences

using

the words given below in

the

correct

order.

Make

any

necessary

changes.

1.

they

/

at night / not

travel long

distances

/

usually

.............................................T ?~.YG~,P.' . ? G ~ L G . Y E . G ? ~ . ~ ~ L ~ ? . ~ ~ ~ . ~ .

@O ..

2 at

night

/

seldom

/ go

out

/

they

T _I I

3. sometimes1

fosget

/

you

/

to lock the door?

..........................................................................................................................

4

eat

1

my

neighbours

/

meat

/ never

.................*........._...............................

..............................................................

5.

on time

/

be

1

n the morning / we I generally

..........................................................................................................................

6. problems discuss / he

/ often

/ with

me

..........................................................................................................................

7 shop J

usually

/

she

/ ar

the shopping centre?

..........................................................................................................................

8. any

more

/ never / I

abroad

/ go



En presente simple, este tipo

de

preguntas comienzan

con

el auxiliar

do

o

does

(si se trata

de

la 3"eersona del singular), luego el sujeto y después la

raiz del verbo, siempre sin

to

t/,-? i(:n? 7u:-r 1 1 ~ 7ncio7

i in yo/ tlr7nc~7

Cinr ?

::lrn rhncn7

Pn

I A ~ I : ~

,~IVY?:? f *?nr;

E

I ~ ~ I c I ~ ?

f ?r?y

d:?/lt ;e

?

Se

pueden contestar las

preguntas

del tipo

Yes

No

de

las siguientes

formas:

YP? do fikl f

'-h?'?,

y p ; ?P dr ,?.?. / blr>,h

VPT ?F.

Las partlculas interrogativasmas frecuentes son:

2IVF7ci l-lt> ~l

I~ViK?

1

0 1 4 f I?~L/C/?

l h / I ? ~ n

Inw

inany

l A

lere How

o f k n

lW11y How long

M r h / ~ / ~

h J :<

I4/i?ose 1-low /t3ig /

srnnl heavy .

l I E~af kind

En presente simple, este tipo de preguntas

se forma

igual

que

las de

es

1

No pero se

les tiene que poner delante una partlcula interrogativa.

n yori live

in

Barcelona

(Pregunta

del tipo

Yes No

IJft?ep ~

rln

yorr

live? (Pregunta con partícula interrogativa)

Does

cI?e ilw ECE-cr~am?

Pregunta del

tipo

Yes 1No

Whet

does she

lilre?

Pregunta

con partlcula interrogativa)

Cuando estamos preguntando sobre el sujeto de la frase empleamos las

partículas

who y

what. Estas partículas son el sujeto

de

la pregunta. Who

y

what suelen ir seguidas de un verbo en 3"persona del singular. Sin

embargo,en la respuesta el verbo

puede ir

en singular

o

en plural.

Wia

goes

heme

a

tl7ree o locl<?

Tina

g o ~ s

ornc

a th~se

lcbcl<.

The

pr~pi1 q o

Aon

ie at

fhree

o ciock.

WfI7ntm;i wca

loud

noise ?

A

siren rnalc~s

Ioud

no¡-se. Iiriirns

m a k ~

loitd

noise.



EXERCISE 7

A.

Underline the verbls

in eaeh

sentence.

B. Complete the questions.

1. She drinks milk every day.

oes she

rink

Wkat

.................................... very day?

2 We eat breakfastat 7.00 a.m.

What time ................................................................reakfast

each

morning?

3.

Don gets

up

early

because he

starts work early.

Why

................... ...................................................................................

4.

he

children play

in

the

garden

every

afternoon

Who ......................

..................................................................................

5 David sells

500

newspapers

a

day.

How many ...................................................................................................

6. The bus

stops on

Oxford

Srreet

Where

...........................................................................................................

7.

Che

shops

in

the

city once

a

month.

How often

...................................................................................................

8 My litZle brother always laughs when

he

watches lf on

TV.

Who

...............................................................................................................

9

My

father listens to the

news every

evening.

How ofien .....................................................................................................

10 The

trains stop

at King s

Cross Station.

Where

...........................................................................................................

EXERCISE 8

Anna

w nts

to take driving lessons Fill

in her rnother s questions

Anna: Mum, I want to take

driving lessons

Mother: (1) .............................. ?

Ama: Because

arn 17

years

old.

....................................................................

other: (2) ................................... ?

Anna: Yes, I have money

to

pay for the lessons.

Mother:

3)

..........................................................................................................

Anna: Yes, other students take

lessons

after school.





Afirmativa: 1 r??v r~t .k jr?r .

sujeto

a

arn

/

I s l a r e

+

verbo

+

ing .

/TC

.7

twr)ri: f79.

k /~ ??% ?f~?fk[ f l~ .

--

--

--

Negativa: ,7t,?

~ Y O

~ ~ ~ ~ m f ~

sujete + am

/ is /are not

verbo + ing I Ir ir 7nt

~ f i t n r ~ ~ j r i ~ .

Yo11í fr V O S

rl;rr~r'~ :,rr?.

.- - m

- -

Interrogativa: P 07

1

~ ~ t n f f ~ : r ~ , - t ?

Am

SS

/Are

sujeto + verbo + ing

f.^ j; vfirn1. r;~? :,

'F -9

/](: ,

l n , r l ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f 1 7

--

.

------

- -

El

presente continuo se usa en los siguientes casos:

A

Para acciones incompletas que estdn

ocurriendo

en el momento de

hablar. En estos casos suele ir

acompañado por expresiones

como

now

at

the moment

rigtit

now.

1 / ~ P I / ~ r ~ ~~ ~ ~ ' ' i / ? < ' '

', )O//:

j; f/,>f/7 j j 7Ifl l .

B Paraacciones incompletasque están ocurriendo aunque no

necesariamente

en

el

momento

de

hablar.

/ ' f - ,.r,.- ,,,7n e.<\ ? F J 7 < / 1 7 /

I ' < > m P .

C Para preparativoso

planes

en un

futuro

préximo. En este caso suele ir

acompafiado por

expresiones de tiempo

futuro.

/', . FTt ,,> ,;;./;];/ ~] v q f? :<3 : . {

l

D Para acciones que se repiten regularmente y que

suelen

llevar un

sentido

de queja,

de monotonía.

> 1 , : . .

l

1

" ,

- , / ? ~ l

trbl/ :

I\l(li:l

Cuando se modifica la rutina o se rompe un

hábito, cambiamos el

presente

simple por el

continuo.

~ l í l i

J.:: ~ / / y ~ ~ , ~ ~ / ~ ~ r ~ ~ : ~ ~ , ~ - ~ ~ ~ ; ~ / ) ~ ~ ~~ t j [)( ;lp I A ~ ~J O

: ' : /

{ ) / { f

a

Los verbos que acaban n e pierden la e

al añadir ing.

;,,:, ,]l , l {

( ,,..("

. ;,:8 ,,' , / "

b Los verbos que acaban en

le,

cambian la ¡e por

y

añadiendo

después

ing

( 7 '

-

r;? :f-c-.

/> .L : > : ~ ;



The

Imperative, Present ~irn pie , lesent Conlinueius, 5taHve Vefbs

c

Si la última

sllaba

del verbo

acaba en

consonante-vocal-consonante

ésta última acentuada, se dobla la última consonante

antes de

añadir

ing.

~ f o n 5

.qt(~p )fnty IPO;?J

1~e~ji1v~in q

Pero si la Última sílaba no

estd

acentuada,

no

la dobla.

opm~

>

opcnity

1

Para

formar

las

preguntas

de

tipo Yes

No en

presente continuo

ponemos

el verbo

auxiliar am

is I are)

delante del sujeto.

\ mi 8i r

woiki ix

t l r 7 1 ~ f , 4 r ~o11 ivcirFcii g ?nrr 7

2

Para formar

las

preguntas con partícula interrogativa anteponernos la

partículaa la pregunta Yes /

No.

Ate yor~

n/or:rr. tighntcl?

(pregunta

del tipo Yes

/

No)

Alliy are

yo

tuorlrhg

Iraid? pregunta

con

partfcula

interrogativa)

3

Cuando

queremos

preguntarsobre e sujeto de la oraci6n

empleamos

w o

para personas)

y

what

(para

animales

y cosas). ho y what van

seguidos

normalmente

por la forma

¡S

del verbo to

be.

Inllio

i..;

ea

ting

now?

mar

s

happening

today?

EXERC1SE

10

Match the following sentences with the uses in the

Grammar

box on page

42.

R

. Skelly is living

in

Paris. ...................

...................

.

Take

your seats, please The show is starting.

...................

. They

are building

a new park in

our neighbourhood.

4. His cousins are arriving next week. ...................

5. WRat are

we

doing tomorrow morning? ...................

6. She is always doing housework.

...................

7

My stereo usually works,

but

it isn't working now.

...................

...................

.

Where

are you

living now?



EXERCISE

Fill in th blanks with the Present Continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

1, Rita

......

h. ?s?k?G

.....

(rest) on thesofa. She stired,

...........................

. Rodney (write) another report.

3. ...........................the Johnsons go) to ltaly this year?

4 ...........................she

/ come

ome late tonight?

...................

. (it J snow now

6 Dave ...........................always lend) rnoney to his friends.

7 We ...........................not enjoy)

this

concert, so let s go

home.

8 Tina

..........................

(sew)

a dress for

herself.

9 ...........................

you /do)

anything

at the moment?

...........................

0. Miss Taylor (take) the class today. Mrs Jones

.......................... (no1 eel well.

EXERCISE

12

Ask

Wh-questions

abovt

the

underlined words

in

each

sentence.

1. The

train

is arriving

in

ten rninutes.

...............................................................................

WI~ efl

s he trajo.

ar r i v i ~g?

2, Shirley

is always breaking

her alassec.

..........................................................................................................................

3, The

pupiIs

are taking

the Enalish test right

now.

..........................................................................................................................

4. The shop

is

closing early today because

ef

the holidav.

..........................................................................................................................

5. Ellen

and

Sheila are workina

on

their

sroiect.

........................................

6.

James

is planningto

go tu

Barcelona.

..........................................................................................................................

7.

Mrs Lee is

learning

to

drive

a

bus.

..........................................................................................................................

8 My

little sister

í

starting school in the auturnn,

..........................................................................................................................



The rnpemfhre, Present Simple. Present Conttnunus. SfaRvs

verbs

-.

EXERCICE

3

p,woman finds a

little

boy crying

in

a

shopping

centre.

Fill

n the woman's

questions,

.....................................................................................................

oman: (1) ?

Little

boy:

am

crying because don t

know

where

my

mother ¡s.

.......................................................................................................

oman:

2) ?

Little boy She

is wearing

a red

dress.

......................................................................................................

ornan: 3) ?

Little boy:

My

brother and sister are with

her.

Woman:

(4)

..............................................................................................

Littleboy: They are

looking

for

new

shoes.

................................................................................................

ornan:

(5)

?

ittle boy:

Yes, they are Iooking for

children s

sshoes.

Woman:

Good Now I now

where to find

thern:Come with me

5 STATIVE

VERBS NOT USUALLY USED

lN THE CONTINUOUS)

LOS VERBOS QUE NO

SUELEN

IR EM TIEMPOS CONTINUOS

A

Algunos verbos

no

aparecen en tiempos continuos. Son

verbos

que

expresan:

Sentidos

feel see sound

Iiear srnell

facte

Pensamientos I

appear

forget Irnow seem

actividad

mental:

elieve guess p r e f ~ r s u p o s e

consíder

hope

realise thinií

depend

imagine

rernemlier ~ii iderstand

cloub

Emociones: islike ha

fe

love wanf

doubt

l i l need

wish

f ~ a r

Relaciones

Inelong

to

owe

own

possess

posesión

have

Medidas:

cosi

eqrial

measure

weigh

undersrnncj i lie

problen?

now.

This I rorisc

elongs

o my parents

B Algunos de estos verbos

en

ocasiones tienenmas de un significado y

dependiendo

de ello,

pueden

usarse

en

formas

continuas.

Por ejemplo

se dice:

s vou ase tired now. (aunque

sea ahora, no se

puede

poner en

continúo)

/ m

ceeing

fhe

doci oi-

omorrow.

(tengo

una

cita,

voy a

visitar

al

médico

f jnhyow

art

rigl~t.

cuando think

significa

believeno

se puede poner

en continuo)

She s

rhinking of selling h r

car.

(cuando significa consider

si se

puede)



EXEI?ClSF i f

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of

the

verbs in brackets,

........ ..,.....

She R R~c -?

(prefer) her coffee without sugar.

2 ...........................

have) a

shower now. Please answer tRe phone

3 What ...........................tkis word / mean)?

4

Sarah

...........................

see) the dentist at foui o'clock on Wednesday.

5. How

many

rooms ...........................this

house 1

have)?

6 They .......................... think) of selling their house.

7

........................... (not believe) how

rnuch

this jacket ......................... (cost)

8 The

doctor

says th t he

........................

(doubt) that

you

will need to take

medicine.

EXERCISE

1

Fill in the blanks with the correct liormof the verbs in brackets. Note that in

some

sentences you may be able to use both Ptesent Simple and Present Continuous.

l

How many brothers

and

sisters

~Q.XQ . ?~ E~.,

(have)?

2 Hold on

a

second,

Mary.

I want to turn off the gas; the water

(boil) over.

I

3.

Now I ........................realise) that I made

a

mistake.

........................

Elephants (live) to be about

as old

as hurnans.

Our English teacher (not believe) in giving tests, anly projects.

6. He live) in town now, but

he

....................

(rnove} to

the

country soon.

7 Dan won't be in the office next

Tuesday;

he ........................take) Zhe day off.

l

8

y boss ........................

always

complain) about the arnount of talking

n

the

office.

9

How

........................

you 1 feel) about your new school?

l

10

can tell by the look on your face that you ....................... (ihink)

about

Jill

right now.

11

Speak

up She

........................

(no? hear)

very

well.

l

........................

2

Mrs

Jones, your san

is

a clever boy but he

(always talk) in

class.

........................

3 ........................think)

you ........................be)

wrong. She

(spell) her name with a

C , not

with a

"K".

46



The

Impeiatiue Ptesent Simple Presenl

Cuntinuaus

Starwe Velbs

.

.

14

I'm not sure

about

the

trip.

It ...................depend)

on

the weather.

15. Jenny and her grandmother are very close. They ...................phone) cine

another

at

least once

a

day.

Klcyr;cl?r: <I

Fill in the blanks with

time

expressions

from

the list.

Some

time

expressions can fit

more than

one

sentence,

but

make sure that you

use

each time expression only

once.

al1

y(?ar

~ O I I I I ~ íiriin IUW 011 loclay

af

A .OO p.rri.

on

Vil~diir-?:;clriy in Itlc alr

allciriaori loin»rrow

al

thc

I~O~ ~E

iioxt

Mnr-iclny

I

1 1 I I

-

P V C I

y

SLI~II-I~?~

. iI ~hiIOW

ICII ; l t ~

~?;IF;OII

t : l ) ~

I J[? ;

1, She's saving a bath and she can't come to €hephone .c TE ? L Y:

....................

2.

Gina

starts

to

sneeze

...........................

.......................................................

3 t enjoy

going

for walks

...............................

................................................

4 She goes for a drive

...................

.... .

....................................................

, ,

5.

In

this

country, we usually have

apples

........................h.....*.......................n.

................................................................................

.

You're

going to

the dentist

7. The electrician is corning

lo

fix the plug

..........................................................

so

you'll have to

wait

tlntil

he

comes.

8.

She's feeling happier

...................................... . . . .

han she did yesterday.

............................................

.

Joanna is resting

but

I'm

cure

she'll

get

up soon.

............................

0.

He's

going to swim

20

lengths a day

..............................

1

Juan

and

1

are

starting

to

do

our

proje t

...................

....

...........................

12.

People from al1 over the

woricl visit

Greece ...................

..

..........................

Fill in the blanks wiih the Present Simple or Present Continuolrs form of the verbs

in brackets.

l

A.

Anir'~.i nr ~

iroil?o.s.l;~lri~tr~.

(your

brothers

take)

karate lecsons this

year?

B.

No, they

.......................................

(not

be).

Martin

.......................... ...... (study) photography while

James

............................

. prefer) ootball.



2. A. Mark

hasn t

een

playing footballvery well lately.What

....................................... (he / usually do) every afternoon?

...............................

. He ..............................

...........

ride) his bike,

......,m.:

.......................................

watch) TV and

(talk)

on

tke

phone.

He

........

.....................

(not have) much time for football.

3

A.

Why ...................................... (Dave

sit)

in

the comer when

he

should

be

playing basketball?

B. Well, his coach

.........................................

punish)

him because he

.................................... (not know) the rui s of the game.

4

A.

How

often

.........................................

p u

paint) your house?

B. We .........................................usually paint) it

e v e y

two years, but that

...........

depend)

on

how

dirty the walls

are.

.............................

A. ...................................... (you / plan) to paint it soon? fso, l d like to help

you.

l

5. A. ................................ (she / write) a leiter

to

Carlos orto Maria?

B Oh b

ssuie

she ...................................... (not write) a letter to Carlos

She .............................. (never write) to boys.

l

6. A ,

..................... ............ you

understand} the difference between

Present Simple

and

Present Continuous?

B.

Not yet, but l

.........................................try)

very hard.

7.

A.

What

time .........................................

Linda eave)

the

office evey night?

.........................................

. Well, she s really serious about her job; she

(not

leave) until about 7.00 p m

.........................................

.....................................

A What (be) purple,

.....................................

have) three

heads

and

{speak)

English and

Hungarian?

B.

.......................................not know) and certainly

.................................... (notwant) to find out

9.

A. ........................................

John /

leave)

for

India tornorrew

evening?

B. Well,

he has

his

passport, but

he ........................

.......... (not have)

his

ticket yet.

10.

A. .................... ............ (she /

take)

lernon and sugar in her tea?

8 Well,

she ....................... ........... take)

sugar, but

she

.......................................

...................................

...

not take) lemon. She

(preter)

midk

if there

is

any.



The

ImpeiirAve, Present Simple,

Presenf Contlnuciur,

SkHve Vctbs

EXER I E

18

Complete the following sentences.

They

contras the Present Simple

and

Present

Continuous.

1.

My

dog

hardly ever

barks,

That's funny. ........ ~?I ~ c~ s.s....... ight now.

2. Are you going out for lunch today?

................................

es, once a

week.

l

1

3.

Are

you lying to

me?

f Course not .................................

never

4.

She s

an

excellent cook. She always makes the most delicious meals.

I

know

She

...................................

cheese

souff lé right

now.

I

5.

Does your brother watch TV?

Yes,

in fact ight

now.

6. Is

ary drinking beer? I can't believe my eyes.

Yes,

in

fact ......................... .......a week.

7. 1sAndrew always making a mess?

Oh

yes, ...................................al1 the time.

8. 1

don't

of en

disturbyou do I?

Well, .................................. right in the rniddFe of my favourite programme.

9. I'm watching the sunset now. IsnY t t beautiful?

1

Yes, it is. I ....................... very evening.

10. Doyou read books in English?

Yes, in fact I

a novel by Jeffrey Archer rigkt now.

EXERCISE 19

Translate

th

sentences below into

your

native language.

listen to the radio every night.

Many

hou es

have red roofs.

Qo you enjoy picnics in th summer?

,-

She isn't an actress.

The buses never come

on

time.

How much do you weigh?

We seldom bake our own bread.

Mr.

Carlson's your father, isn't he?



Rri frr:.lri/ O l

<'LI\ Srl ;:Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in

brackets.

.........................

.

My

sister

( f l ~ ) ~ m erom

Lortdon today

Her flight

(arrive) in one hour, so I

...................................

.....................................

leave) the

house

right now to get to the

aírport

on time.

2. .....................................you / apply)

for

the job of office manager?

Yes, am.

Flease

h ve

a seat. Mr

Lyndon ................................... (speak) on the

phone

at the

rnornent.

I'lZ cal1 you

when he3

svailable.

.......

.

Diana

........................

practise) fhe

piano

regularly. She

..................................

...

play) in

a

~ O n C e r t exiweek

so she

......................................

work) especially hard tkis

week.

4. Andrew .....................................

look)

for work as a translator. He

....................

............ (speak)

three

languages

fluently.

, . , >

, .

p

Can

you

correct

the

mistakes?

1.

I

am usually coming to school by bus.

.........................................................................................................................

2. She does her homework now.

.......................................................................................................................

3,

My

friends come tonight

at 8.00.

........................................................................................................................

4. Who

this book belongs to?

.........................................................................................................................

5 We never are late.

..........................................................................................................................

6.

This box

is

weighirng three kilos.

..........................................................................................................................

7. What you

think?

..........................................................................................................................

8. What

are you

meaning?



SIMPLE

.

L

FA

n ic

PAST

. . . . .

CADO

S

MRLE

A

CONTRP

. . ..

.......................

ASADO

SllVTPLE

Y

EL

PASADO

COMTIM

63

6 6

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English para Bachillerato