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Power System

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Distribution System

substations

transformers

circuit breakers

feeders

sectionalizing switches

capacitor banks voltage regulators

DSGs

customers

- HT customers- LT customers

Generation System

Transmission System

Primary

circuits

Generating Plant

Step-uptransformers

Circuit breakers

Transmission System

Transformers in

Bulk power

substations

Solar or

WindSources

(100KW to

1MW)

One-phaselateral feeder

Distribution

Transformer

DispersedStorage and

generation(DSG)

VoltageRegulator

Capacitor

bank

Sub-transmissionsystem

Distributionsubstation

Three-

phasePrimary

feeders

Battery or

Fuel cells,1 to 25 MW

DSG Sectionalizing

switch

DSGPhotovoltaic

Power supply,up to 100 KW

Home

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Power System connectivity

33 kV lines

220kV Lines

EHV substations

Distribution

substations

220/33 kV

Sub-station

33/11 kV

Sub-station

Industry at 33 kV

11 kV lines(feeders)

Distribution

Transformer

11/ 0.4 kV

Industry at 11 kVCustomers

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Major ISO systems

Network Model

Management

M

arketParticip

ants(Marketers,TSP,Gen,

Load)

State Estimator RTCA TCM

VSAT/TSAT

RUC

Outage Scheduler

Load Forecast

CRR

SCADA

Models

Outages

Load Schedules

Offers, Bids, market clearing results, etc.

SettlementsBilling, dispute interface

DataWarehouse

Reports

DAM

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Primary

circuits

Generating Plant

Step-uptransformers

Circuit breakers

Transmission System

Transformers in

Bulk power

substations

Solar or

WindSources

(100KW to

1MW)

One-phaselateral feeder

Distribution

Transformer

DispersedStorage and

generation(DSG)

VoltageRegulator

Capacitor

bank

Sub-transmissionsystem

Distributionsubstation

Three-

phasePrimary

feeders

Battery or

Fuel cells,1 to 25 MW

DSG Sectionalizing

switch

DSGPhotovoltaic

Power supply,up to 100 KW

Home

Distribution Automation System

Distribution

Control

Center

(monitorand

Control)SCADA

and

Application Functions

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Operational problems and Potential Applications of DAS

Fault location, isolation and Service Restoration

Maintaining good voltage profile

Load Balancing

Metering Maintaining Maps

Energy accounting

Outage Management

Customer Information Management

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Distribution SCADA

Interlocks based on Attributes, values/status

Single, Group, Sequential and Closed Loop Control

Select-Check-Execute, Immediate Execute

Control

Voltage

Regulator

Solar orWind

Sources(100KW to

1MW)

One-phase

lateral feeder

DistributionTransformer

DispersedStorage andgeneration

(DSG)

Capacitor

bank

Sub-transmission

system

Distribution

substation

Three-

phase

Primaryfeeders

Battery orFuel cells,

1 to 25 MW

DSG Sectionalizing

switch

DSG PhotovoltaicPower supply,

up to 100 KW

Home

Close IIITFeederCB ?

Yes No

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Distribution SCADA (Contd.)

Interlocks based on Attributes, values/status

Single, Group, Sequential and Closed Loop Control

Select-Check-Execute, Immediate Execute

Control

Voltage

Regulator

Solar orWind

Sources(100KW to

1MW)

One-phase

lateral feeder

DistributionTransformer

DispersedStorage andgeneration

(DSG)

Capacitor

bank

Sub-transmission

system

Distribution

substation

Three-

phase

Primaryfeeders

Battery orFuel cells,

1 to 25 MW

DSG Sectionalizing

switch

DSG PhotovoltaicPower supply,

up to 100 KW

Home

IIITFeederCB

Successfully closed !

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Graphical User Interface

Real Time display

Single Line Diagrams,Graphics,Maps

Trends; Real-time and Historic

Alarms; current and Historic

Interface to control field devices

Distribution SCADA (Contd.)

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Automated Mapping and Facilities Management (AM/FM)

Display of geographical Maps

Dynamic info on Maps

Layering, Zooming, and Scrolling

Historical data on Devices

(From T&D World, Oct 2001)

(From T&D World, Oct 2001)

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Present Indian Grid Plan

National Load Dispatch Center (NLDC) in Delhi

Regional Load Dispatch Center

(RLDC) North

Regional Load Dispatch Center

(RLDC) W, S, E, NE

State Load Dispatch Center(SLDC)

Sub Load Dispatch Center

(SubLDC)

Substation

State Load Dispatch Center(SLDC)

Substation

Sub Load Dispatch Center

(SubLDC)

User User

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Electric Power and Information Infrastructure

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