IntroCS Lecture Notes 1 Eng v03

8/2/2019 IntroCS Lecture Notes 1 Eng v03

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Introduction to Specialty

Computer Science

Dr. Sc Ing. Boriss Misnevs

Lecture Notes N 1_Eng_v03


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Boriss Misnevs. Introduction to CS. 2

Literature

Brookshear, J. Glenn. Computer Science: anoverview7th ed., Addison Wesley, 2003.

575 pp. . .

, 6- . ., 2001.686 .

Angu Latvieu Krievu InformtikasVrdnca. Avots. 2001. - 660 lpp.


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Computer Science (CS)

CS is the discipline that seeks to build

a scientific foundation for such topics

as

Computer design

Computer programmingInformation processing

Algorithmic solution of problems


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The Study of Algorithms

An algorithm is a set of steps that

defines how a task is performed. An algorithm is an ordered set of

unambiguous, executable steps that

define a terminating activity


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An algorithm for performing

A machine-compatible representationof an algorithm is called a program

Programs and the algorithms theyrepresent, are collectively referred assoftware

The machinery itself is known ashardware


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Algorithm Implementation

If we can find an algorithm that directs the

performance of a task than we can construct

a machine to perform this task If no algorithm exists for solving a problem,

than the solution of that problem lies

beyond the capability of machines


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Programming Language

Once an algorithm for solving a problem

has been discovered, the next step is

to represent the algorithm to a machine orto other humans.

We need a programming language to

transform the conceptual algorithm into a

clear set of instructions and represent these

instructions in unambiguous manner


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Software Engineering

Design of large computer systems involves more

then the development of the individual algorithms

for performing the required activities. Computer scientists have turned to the well-

established field of engineering, which contains

requirement management, system design, coding,

verification, project management, personnelmanagement etc.


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Machine Architecture

Machine design is limited by technology

and thus the way we represent algorithms is

also limited by the technology

Internal features of a machine are often

reflected in the machine external

characteristics, for example, relating to datastorage and retrieval


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The Science of Algorithms

Theoretical work of mathematicians began

to pay dividendsmathematicians had

already been investigated those questionsregarding algorithmic processes that

advanced technologies began to raise.

It is important to distinguish between

Computer Science and Computer Science

Application


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The Role of Abstraction

Term ABSRACTION refers to the

distinction between the external properties

of an entity and the details of the entitysinternal composition

Abstraction allows us to construct, analyze,

and manage large, complex computersystems


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The History

Abacusancient Greek and Roman civilization

Pascals machine (1623-1662, France) was built to

follow only the addition algorithm Leibnizs machine (1646-1716, Germany) had its

algorithms firmly embedded in the architecture

Babbages Analytical engine (1792-1871,England) was designed to read instructions from

holes in paper cards


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The Origins of Modern

Computing Machines The abstract machines were hypothesized

by mathematicians in the early 1900s.

The first time the technology of vacuumtubes to construct totally electronic digitalcomputer was implemented in Atanasoff-Berry machine (from 1939 to 1941).

The more powerful ENIAC was placed inoperation at the Moore School in 1945.


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The Manchester Mark 1

The engineering

team: Prof. F.C.

Williams, Tom

Kilburn andGeoff Tootill

The software

development:Alan Turing


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Final Specification - October 1949:

Store organised in 40-bit addressable "line"s,holding one 40-bit number or two 20-bit instructions

Serial 40-bit arithmetic

2 modifier registers

Single-address format order code with 26 functioncodes

4 pages of random access main store

32 page capacity drum backing store, 2 pages pertrack, about 30 milliseconds revolution time

Standard instruction time: 1.8 milliseconds


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Augusta Ada Byron, Countess of

Lovelase (1815-1852) She translated from French to English a paper

discussing Charles Babbages design for the

Analytical Engine (based on the technology ofgears)

She made numerous suggestions and apparently

contributed some of the examples

Thus Ada Augusta is recognized today as the

worlds first programmer


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Personal Computers (PC)

1975 The Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems

(MITS) developed Altair 8800, the first personal computer

with BASIC written by Bill Gates and Paul Allen.

1976 - The Microsoft company reworks and improvesBASIC to sell to other distributors such as DTC, General

Electric, NCR, and Citibank.

1976Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak designed Apple

Computerfirst commercially viable home computer 1981IBM introduced its first desktop computer, called

the personal computer, or PC for short


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Quiz 1

Draw the table

Select one of the following answers:Iyes, - no, not known

Question No. Answer Check

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5


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Question 1.1

Is it true that electronic computers

were implemented in the secondpart of the XX century?


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Question 1.2

Is it true that computers

traditionally have strong relations

to mathematics?


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Question 1.3

Is it true that Bill Geits is the

father of PC ?


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Question 1.4

Is J. Glenn Brookshear the author of

your textbook Computer Science: an

overview?


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Question 1.5

Will you complete the written test

on Introduction to Specialtysuccessfully?


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Quiz 1(correct answers)

Check you answers and mark correct answers by +

Please, count and write in the total number of correctanswers!


1.1 -1.2 I

1.3 -

1.4 I

1.5


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Directions of Computer Science - 1

1. Algorithms and Data Structures

2. Programming Languages

3. Computer Architecture4. Operating Systems and Computer

Networks

5. Software Engineering6. Databases and Information Retrieval

Systems


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Directions of Computer Science - 2

7. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

8. Computer Graphics

9. Human-Computer Interaction

10. Computational Mathematics

11. Application Informatics

12. Bioinformatics


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Bioinformatics

Creation and maintenance of databases of

biological information

Finding the genes in the DNA (the molecule thatencodes genetic information) sequences of

various organisms

Developing methods to predict the structure

and/or function of newly discovered proteins

and structural RNA (ribonucleic acid)

sequences etc.


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Quiz 2



2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5


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Question 2.1

Is it true that Tom Kilburnwas The father

of Manchester Mark 1 computer?


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Question 2.2

Is it true that computation

geometry creates in the bases ofthe Computer Graphics?


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Question 2.3

Is it true that the topic Programming

languages covers large programsystems development?


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Question 2.4

Is it true that genetic algorithms are

investigated under the topic ArtificialIntelligence?


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Question 2.5

Does the abbreviationHCI stand for HighCircle Integrity?


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Quiz 2 (correct answers)

Check you answers and mark correct answers by +



2.1 I2.2 I

2.3 -

2.4 I

2.5 -


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Boriss Misnevs Introduction to CS 35

The subject structure

Lectures32 hours (Computer Science

Overview)

Practice classes18 hours (Word, Excel,Power Point, Internet, E-mail, Service

applications5 Assignments).

Final Written Test

Documents

IntroCS Lecture Notes 1 Eng v03