• Energy Update!• Homework Assignment Help

• Review Last Lecture• Energy and Society

• Today’s Material:• Energy and Society continued• Heat

• Activity next class• Next Monday is President’s Day (no class)

http://news.sciencemag.org/earth/2014/02/could-volcanoes-power-world

Could Volcanoes Power the World?

http://arstechnica.com/science/2014/02/plate-tectonics-set-the-thermostat-for-early-animal-life/

http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/42/2/127

http://e360.yale.edu/feature/the_consumption_conundrum_driving_the_destruction_abroad/2266/

The Consumption Conundrum:Driving the Destruction AbroadOur high-tech products increasingly make use of rare metals, and mining those resources can have devastating environmental consequences. But if we block projects like the proposed Pebble Mine in Alaska, are we simply forcing mining activity to other parts of the world where protections may be far weaker?BY OSWALD J. SCHMITZ AND THOMAS E. GRAEDEL

http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/01/29/1319780111

Evaluating officially reported polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions in the Athabasca oil sands region with a multimedia fate modelOur study shows that emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons estimated

in environmental impact assessments conducted to approve developments in the Athabasca oil sands region are likely too low. This finding implies that environmental concentrations in exposure-relevant media, such as air, water, and food, estimated using those emissions may also be too low. The potential therefore exists that estimation of future risk to humans and wildlife because of surface mining activity in the Athabasca oil sands region has been underestimated.

http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/02/04/3243791/alberta-tar-sands-toxic/

Tar Sands Oil Development Is More Toxic Than Previously Thought, Study Finds

Katie Valentine

Abha Parajulee and Frank Wania

http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/02/06/3256751/west-coast-offshore-wind/

The country’s first floating wind turbine off the coast of Castine, Maine.

Credit: AP Photo/Robert F. Bukaty

http://www.governorswindenergycoalition.org/?p=7531

A Seattle wind company has gotten the go-ahead to develop plans for a 30-megawatt offshore wind pilot project off of Oregon’s Coos Bay, officials announced this week.

The project, developed by Principle Power, would employ five floating wind turbines about 15 miles off the coast of Oregon. Floating turbine technology has not been developed very much in U.S. before, but because the West Coast’s narrow continental shelf drops off more steeply than it does on the East Coast, wind turbines off the coast of Oregon can’t be anchored in the seabed.

http://www.climatevictory.org/feedbacks.htmlhttp://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/guide/science/explained/feedbacks

http://www.bitsofscience.org/geoengineering-infographic-clouds-1366/

The sun’s electromagnetic spectrum and some of the descriptive names of each region. The numbers underneath the curve approximate the percent of energy the sun radiates in various regions.

0.4 μm = 400 nm 0.7 μm = 700 nm

The hotter sun not only radiates more energy than that of the cooler earth (the area under the curve), but it also radiates the majority of its energy at much shorter wavelengths. (The area under the curves is equal to the total energy emitted, and the scales for the two curves differ by a factor of 100,000.)

http://www.iac.ethz.ch/people/fischeer/volcanic

http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_1/chpt_11/1.html

ƛ = c/FWavelength = wave speed/frequency

Class Review:Energy Update!EnergySociety

Next ClassForms of EnergyMaking EnergyQuantifying EnergyWorkFrictionEstimations

http://www.climate-leaders.org/climate-change-resources/climate-change/causes-of-climate-change

Factors that result from climate change and that can then amplify the causes of climate change are known as “positive feedbacks.” Some of the key positive feedbacks include thawing of permafrost (resulting in the release of previously trapped methane), forest loss due to drought (resulting in the release of carbon sequestrated in the wood) and the melting of the polar ice-caps (resulting in a reduced capacity to reflect solar energy from the earth’s surface)