*Energy Pathways

*Sports Nutrition

*How the body uses nutrients, fat, carbohydrates, and proteins, to supply the body with the needed energy to perform.*Nutrients are converted to energy in the form of ATP*The energy released from the breakdown of ATP is what makes the muscles contract*Each nutrient has a special way that it gets converted into ATP

*Nutrients

*Carbohydrates*main nutrient that fuels exercise of a

moderate to high intensity*Proteins*generally used to maintain and repair body

tissues*not normally used to power muscle activity

*Fats*can fuel low intensity exercise for long

periods of time

*ATP

*Adenosine Triphosphate*Not easily stored*Very small stores in the muscles, used up in just a few seconds*You must have ATP in order to exercise *2 major ways to convert nutrients to energy*Aerobic metabolism*Anaerobic metabolism

*Most often a combination of pathways to create the needed ATP

*ATP-CP Anaerobic Energy Pathway

*Also called the phosphate system*About 10 seconds worth of energy*Used for short bursts of exercise*Doesn’t require oxygen to create ATP*Uses the stores (2-3 secs) then uses Creatine Phosphate to resynthesize ATP until CP runs out (6-8 secs)*After CP runs out, body either uses aerobic or anaerobic metabolism

*Anaerobic Metabolism

*Also called glycolysis*Creates ATP exclusively from carbohydrates*Lactic acid being a by-product*Provides energy by the partial breakdown of glucose without the need for oxygen*Produces energy for short, high-intensity bursts of activity

*Aerobic Metabolism

*Fuels most of the energy needed for long duration activity*It uses oxygen to convert nutrients to ATP*Bit slower than the anaerobic systems, relies on the circulatory system to transport oxygen to the working muscles before it creates ATP*Used primarily during endurance exercise

*Fueling the Energy Systems

*Nutrients are converted to ATP based upon the intensity of the workout*Fat is a great fuel for endurance events, not adequate for high intensity*At low intensities there is enough fat to fuel exercise for hours or days, as long as there is enough oxygen to metabolize it

*Fueling the Energy Systems

*As intensity rises, carbohydrate become dominate*A much better fuel than fat, but with limited stores*Stored carbohydrate can fuel about 2 hours of moderate to high intensity workout*If increased more then you go into anaerobic metabolism

*Metabolism

*The process by which your body gets energy from food.*Your metabolic rate increases during

exercise. *The number of calories burned depends

on the exercise.*You metabolism stays up for a short

period after exercise.

*Basal Metabolism

*The minimum amount of energy required to maintain the life processes in the body.

*Genetic*Can be increased with exercise

*YOUR WEIGHT

*If you take in fewer calories than you burn you lose weight.*If you take in more calories than you burn, you gain weight.

Pounds gained per year

Excess Calories per Day

1 105 4810 9615 144

*SKILLS RELATED FITNESS

*Agility*The ability to control body movement and change

direction quickly*Balance*Being able to stay upright either while standing or moving.

*Coordination*The ability to use two or more body parts

*Speed*Move a distance or complete a body movement in a short

period of time*Reaction Time*The rate of movement once a person realizes they need to

move*Power*The ability to use force with great speed

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