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MOEJGEC JCM Methodology Demonstration Study (DS) 2013
Final Report
Energy efficiency improvement of glass furnace
(implemented by Ihara Furnace Co Ltd)
Study partners Rang Dong Light Source and Vacuum Flask Joint Stock
Company (Ralaco) Vietnam Architectural Glass Association
Renova Inc Proact International Inc Japan Quality Assurance
Organization
Project site Bac Ninh Province Viet Nam
Category of project Energy Saving
Description of project This project implements significant GHG reduction for furnaces
at glass manufacturing factory which consume exceedingly much
energy by introducing energy efficiency technology such as
combustion control system which optimizes air capacity and
decreasing fuel and electricity consumption The diffusion of
the implementing technology in Asian countries including the
host country is not yet sufficient this project is hopefully an
opportunity to come into wide use all over the Asian countries
JCM
methodology
Eligibility
criteria
Criterion 1 All of core technologies and two or more of the
following other technologies are introduced in implementing the
project
- Core technologies Automatic fuel-air ratio control system
Furnace pressure control system Glass level control system
- Other technologies Tertiary air inflow prevention burner Cullet
preheating system Electric boosting system Rapid heating
system Plant engineering (design supervise of construction
maintenance) by companies with high technologies
Criterion 2 The applicable furnace include manufacturing of glass
products
Criterion 3 No drastic changes are made in manufacturing process
and products before the project implementation and after the
project period
Criterion 4 Fossil fuel and grid electricity consumptions including
production of products are measureable one (1) year before and
after the project implementation
Default
values
GHG emission original unit of fossil fuel Utilize IPCC default
values
Electricity emission factors Utilize values published by
Vietnamese government
Discount rate of emission reduction Calculate by the difference
of the operating ratio of general technology and high technology
Use for calculation of emission reduction
Calculation
of
reference
emissions
Automatic fuel-air ratio control system (herein referred as general
technology) is diffused above a certain ratio in Vietnam The
reference scenario is set as it is introduced
Monitoring
method
Electricity consumption(kWh) Record the meter of each
furnace every day compare and match with receipt at the end
of month
Heavy oil inflow(kL) Record the value (L) of flowmeter of
each furnace on ledger every day compare and match with
receipt at the end of month
Production volume(t-Glass) Standard weight x cut frequency
(number of revolutions of cutter) for fluorescent light
Standard weight x amount of gob for light bulb Record
these values every day on ledger and conclude them at the
end of month
Result of monitoring
Parameter
(Unit)
Monitoring
Option
Original
Data
Value
Reference Project
Production
volume
(t-Glassyear)
Option C In-house
management
book
6834 9931
Fuel
consumption
(kLyear)
Option C In-house
management
book
2362 1797
Electricity
Consumption
(MWhyear)
Option C In-house
management
book
0 8708
GHG emission reductions Emission reduction= (Reference emission - Project emission) x
Emission reduction discount rate α (provisional figure 8)
Reference emission 10279 t-CO2year
Project emission 5854 t-CO2year
Reduction amount 354 t-CO2year
Environmental impacts This project is not subject to EIA
Air pollutant decreases as fossil fuel combustion amount declines
Promotion of Japanese When in comparison of capability and price with technologies
technologies from abroad Chinese is competitive being superior in price
Initial cost for Chinese facility is as half as Japanese that we need
some sort of incentives in price and so on in order to promote
Japanese technology
Sustainable development
in host country
Glass production volume focusing on plate glass has been
increasing currently in Vietnam Further demand for extension
and renovation of glass furnace is expected with current rise of
architectural demand and production volume expansion of items
with display Japanese glass furnace has exceedingly high
energy efficiency for technical accumulation of many years
Thus transferring these technologies contributes to the host
country in decreasing energy consumption for long term and
promoting and upgrading of energy efficiency technology
Development and
deployment of similar
projects
More diffusion of energy efficiency for glass furnace is expected
with the sudden rise of energy price regulation by energy
efficiency policy and extension of glass product market
Especially Thailand where there is regulation by energy
efficiency policy and energy price is rising is a promising market
and there are in fact many energy efficiency furnace inquiries
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt1gt
JCM Methodology Demonstration Study (PS) 2013
ldquoEnergy efficiency improvement of glass furnacerdquo
(Host country Viet Nam)
Study Entity Ihara Furnace Co Ltd
1Study Implementation Scheme
Rang Dong Light Source and Vacuum Flask Joint Stock Company (Ralaco) demonstration
site
Vietnam Architectural Glass Association provide information concerning trends in the
Vietnamese glass industry
Renova Co Ltd (Renova) assist creation of methodology proposal assist PDD drafting
Proact International Inc (Proact) assist with local market research arrange local research
Japan Quality Assurance Organization (JQA) PDD pre-validation
2Overview of Proposed JCM Project
(1) Description of Project Contents
This project will significantly reduce GHGs for melting furnaces at glass production plants
which consume an extremely large amount of energy by installing the energy-saving technology
described below such as the automatic atmospheric ratio control system and by reducing fuel and
power usage
The project originates from a glass-melting furnace energy-saving proposal implemented in 2005
at Ralaco a major Vietnamese glass products manufacturer in a NEDO study on energy-saving
potential In response to this proposal Ralaco executives highly commended the significant energy
cost reductions from energy saved and decided to install energy-saving furnaces
Afterward although we drafted a PDD for turning the project into a CDM project and it passed
validation it was withdrawn due to remarks added in the registration review by the CDM Executive
Board
Under this situation in order to overcome the aforementioned CDM issues the purpose of this
study is to formulate a proposal for a new MRV methodology for JCM that is based on the basic
unit method and model verification shall be performed at plants involved in this study
(2) Situations of Host Country
(i) Trend of related industry
In addition to light fixtures such as light bulbs and fluorescent lights glass is used for products
such as architectural glass panes automobile glass glass bottles and eating utensils liquid crystal
products and solar cell panels The glass production method is basically the same for each of these
for which high-temperature glass-melting furnaces are used
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass production volume in Viet Nammdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas been expected even in
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt2gt
recent years to continue trending upward With the greater production of liquid crystal products and
other goods coupled with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and
renewed demand for glass-melting furnaces is forecast for the future as well
(ii) Energy-related policy and its actual condition
Electricity consumption in Vietnam represents about a 14 increase every year and the high rate
of increase will continue for the foreseeable future In particular consumption will grow with
regard to cement manufacturing essential to blast furnace ironworks and infrastructure development
in the future in the industrial and construction fields that account for about 50 of electricity
consumption So the response to expanding electricity consumption is an urgent need and a new
electric power development plan was incorporated in the power development master plan However
the power plant that actually operated as planned represents a low number of 63 and 73 in 2009
and 2010 respectively
(iii) Energy saving-related policy and actual condition
Vietnam has worked to promote the saving of energy for instance as a policy to promote energy
saving a government ordinance concerning efficient use of energy and energy savings was
established in 2003 and a national objectives program for energy saving (2006 to 2015) was
prepared in 2006 However government ordinances are guidelines without legal force and so
effectiveness was poor So the Vietnamese government promulgated the ldquoLaw concerning energy
saving and efficient use of energyrdquo that is equivalent to the Energy Saving Act of Japan in July
2010 and executed it in January 2011 Then implementation and operation of the system will be
promoted in Vietnam for instance the government issued detailed rules of implementation and a
penalty decree and restrictions on designated business operators and guidelines for an
energy-saving labeling system were presented to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry
(iv) Climate change-related policy and its actual condition
A National Climate Change Strategy was executed in December 2011 as a policy superior to the
climate change policy and development of renewable energy energy saving in the industrial
construction and traffic sectors and the rest are included in it Also as a practical response the
National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as NTP-RCC) was
executed in 2008 and its materialization is currently being promoted NTP-RCC aims to reduce
GHG by 8 (absolute value) in comparison with 2005 by 2020 and MONRE currently takes the
lead in promoting an allocation of target values by sector along with the instruction of concrete
policies together with other ministries Objectives by industrial sector and by company have not yet
been established and such establishment is not compulsory for business operators at the present
time
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt3gt
3 Study Contents
(1) JCM methodology development
(i) Eligibility criteria
Below listed is the eligibility criterion for the methodology proposal Ver30
Table The eligibility criterion for the methodology proposal Ver30
Criterion Content Purpose
Criterion 1 All of core technologies and two or more
of the following other technologies are
introduced in implementing the project
- Core technologies Automatic fuel-air
ratio control system Furnace pressure
control system Glass level control
system
- Other technologies Tertiary air inflow
prevention burner Cullet preheating
system Electric boosting system Rapid
heating system Plant engineering (design
supervise of construction maintenance)
by companies with high technologies
After field study it turned out that the
diffusion of automatic fuel-air ratio
control system in Vietnam is above a
certain ratio that reference scenario is
set as it is introduced
Furnace pressure control system is
essential for automatic fuel-air ratio
control system being adequately
functional and glass level control
system is highly influential for yield
of product that it is essential for glass
manufacturing as a core technology
After field study other technologies
turned out to be hardly introduced in
Vietnam so far that meeting this
requirement automatically proves
technical additionality
Criterion 2 The applicable furnace include
manufacturing of glass products
To set target industry
Criterion 3 No drastic changes are made in
manufacturing process and products
before the project implementation and
after the project period
To exclude the possibility of
energy-efficiency-activity-unrelated
fluctuation of energy consumption
original unit in case there is a change
for manufacturing method and
product
Criterion 4 Fossil fuel and grid electricity
consumptions including production of
products are measureable one (1) year
before and after the project
implementation
The data of energy consumption and
production volume in the past and of
production volume during project are
required in order to calculate energy
consumption original unit for
reference
The data of fossil fuel and electricity
consumption is required in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt4gt
Criterion Content Purpose
calculate project emission
(ii) Data and parameters fixed ex ante
For reference emissions energy consumption per unit of production volume (A) is fixed
according to ex ante parameters while the GHG emissions coefficient of fossil fuels (B) the GHG
emissions coefficient of grid power (C) and the rate of emissions reduction (D) are set to default
values
(A) is a calculation of basic units of energy consumption (basic units) from energy consumption
data and production volume data of the relevant Ralaco furnaces prior to project implementation
The result of a calculation utilizing data from January 2005 to August 2007 (prior to energy-saving
furnace installation) is a basic unit of 3326 kg of fuel oil per ton of glass
For (B) the IPCCs default values which are thought to be reliable were applied
For (C) the latest combined margin figure (05408 t-CO2MWh) the Vietnamese Ministry of
Natural Resources (MONRE) put together in 2011 was applied
For (D) details are given below in the calculation of emissions reductions but the GHG
reduction results differ due to a disparity between the technical products and services to fulfill
Eligibility Criteria 1 and the atmospheric ratio control systems whose popularization is currently
permitted in Viet Nam beyond a certain ratio and we are considering assessing the capacity
utilization of the automatic atmospheric ratio control system that will be the core technology
(iii) Result of actual monitoring
Below are the Monitoring Plan and Monitoring Implementation Results at the demonstration
plant These were compiled into the PDD and pre-validated by the Japan Quality Assurance
Organization
Monitoring Plan
The monitoring points monitoring parameters and monitoring system were configured and
constructed as follows and verified
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt5gt
Figure Monitoring points
Table Monitoring parameter
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
1 Heavy Oil
Inflow amount
Record values of flow
meter (L) of each furnace
on a ledger every day and
compare them with
receipts at the end of
month
Adjust the inflow amount by
dividing the disparity between
tank and the integrated value of
flow meter with activity ratio of
each furnace
2 Electricity Usage Record integrating
wattmeter of each furnace
every day and compare
them with bills at the end
of month
Integrating wattmeter of each
furnace would be checked by
EVN at the end of month and
bills would be issued
Electricity usage in forming step
not included
3 Production
Volume (Melting
amount base)
Fluorescent Light
Production speed (length
per minute) working
hours standard weight
Electric Light Bulb
Production speed (numbers
per minute) working
hours standard weight
Refer monitoring parameter 4
regarding the standard weight
Warehouse
Furnace
Tank
1
Beer
Product3rsquo
Heavy oil
Forming
bill
Flow meter
X g-GlassY g-Glass
44
Factory
Electricity
3
Monitoring point
Monitoring point
for cross check
1rsquo
Electricity meter2
1 Heavy oil inflow amount
2 Electricity usage
3 Product number
4 Standard weight
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt6gt
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
Record above stated on a
ledger every day and
conclude them at the end
of month
4 Weight per
article
Grasping by sampling No quality standard
regarding weight On the other
hand the standard on profound
of tube does exist measure
weight as first screening
Figure Monitoring structure
Monitoring Implementation Results
These are the results of the monitoring implemented in this project
Table Monitoring Implementation Results
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Production
volume
(t-Glassyr)
Option C company control
records
6834 9931
Fuel usage
(kLyr)
Option C company control
records
2362 1797
Head Quarter
Accounting Dept
Heavy oil
Manager
Electricity
Manager
Production
Manager
Shipping
Manager
Factory
Manager
Daily and monthly report
Monthly report
bull Data collection
bull Compile data for reporting
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile melting
volume of each
furnace
bull Compile shipping
data
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt7gt
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Power usage
(MWhyr)
Option C company control
records
0 8708
(iv) Calculation of GHG emissions (including reference and project emissions)
Calculation of Reference Emissions
EMRR = SEMBP POPJ
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
SEMBP Specific CO2 emission from the energy source before the project
[t-CO2 t-Glass]
POPJ Production volume of project activity in year y [t-Glassyear]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2 t-Glass Refer below calculation formula
POPJ 9931 t-Glassyear Production from September 2012 until August 2013
SEMBP = (EMBP_fuel EMBP_electricity) POBP
=
i
ifuelifuelBPifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELBP CFelectricity POBP
EMBP_fuel CO2 emission from the fossil fuel before the project [t-CO2y]
EMBP_electricity CO2 emission from the grid electricity before the project [t-CO2y]
POBP Production volume before the project [t-Glassyear]
FfueliBP Fossil fuel consumption before the project [1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel i [t-CGJ]
ELBP Grid electricity consumption before the project [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2t-Glass -
EMBP_fuel 18864 t-CO2y -
EMBP_electricity 0 t-CO2y -
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt8gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
POBP 6834 t-Glassy
Multiply average value for production volume from
January 2005 until August 2007 (5695
t-Glassmonth) and 12 month
FfueliBP 2220 kLy
Multiply average value for heavy oil consumption
from January 2005 until August 2007 (1850
t-FOmonth) and 12 month then divide by conversion
factor (094 Ralacorsquos operating value)
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
ELBP 0 MWhy No consumption before the project
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Project Emissions
EMPJ = EMPJ_fuel EMPJ_electricity
=
i
ifuelifuelPJifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELPJ CFelectricity
EMPJ Project CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_fuel Project CO2 emission from the fossil fuel in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_electricity Project CO2 emission from the grid electricity in year y [t-CO2y]
FfueliPJ Project consumption of fossil fuel source i in year y
[1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel source i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel source i [t-CGJ]
ELPJ Project consumption of the grid electricity in year y [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_fuel 5383 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_electricity 4709 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
FfueliPJ 1797 kLy Heavy oil consumption from September 2012
until August 2013
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt9gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
ELPJ 8708 MWhy Grid electricity consumption from September
2012 until August 2013
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Emission Reduction
ER = ( EMRR - EMPJ ) α
ER CO2 emission reduction in year y [t-CO2y]
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ Project CO2 emissions in year y [t-CO2y]
α Discount rate of emission reductions []
Provisional value 8
Below listed values are used in this project The emission reduction is computed as 354 t-CO2year
Parameter Value Unit Notes
ER 354 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y -
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y -
α 8 Default value (Provisional value)
(2) Development of JCM Project Design Document (PDD)
(i) Environmental Impact Assessment
The MONRE is in charge of Environmental Impact Assessments (hereinafter EIAs) in Viet
Nam Under the Law on Environmental Protection which was completely rewritten in 2005 the
authority to approve EIAs was relegated tomdashdepending on the projects characteristicsmdashthe
Vietnam Environment Association (VEA an organization under the MONRE) central government
ministries and agencies or local agencies
The list of projects requiring the drafting of an EIA report appears in Appendix 1 of the decree on
Detailing and Guiding the Implementation of a Number of Articles of the Law on Environmental
Protection (Decree 802006ND-CP) of August 9 2006 According to this an EIA does not have to
be performed when building a glass furnace
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt10gt
(ii) Consultation with Local Stakeholders
In Viet Nam matters such as environmental impacts accompanying project implementation are
generally left to the judgment of the Peoples Committee and public comments are rarely solicited
from employees or local residents For this project as well we told Ralaco several times to question
stakeholders about their opinions as in the past when we aspired to carry out CDM projects
Finally in addition to explaining the automatic fuel-air ratio control system to furnace operators
Ralaco gathered local residents for an information session No particularly negative comments were
raised at that time
In this study Furnace B had been equipped with an IFC automatic fuel-air ratio control system
that had already demonstrated results so the plant employees generally had a positive attitude about
saving furnace energy Employees commented that they also want to improve energy efficiency for
Furnace C which is slated for an upgrade in 2014 due to its currently extremely high basic units of
energy
(iii) Monitoring Plan
In cooperation with Ralaco we formed a Monitoring Plan for this project which we organized
into the Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring System Sheet
(iv) Calibration of Measuring Instruments
We confirmed that the fuel oil flow meters and electricity meters used in the furnaces as well as
the speed sensors used to calculate production volume are not calibrated This corresponds to all
Option C monitoring Since a margin of error of no more than plus or minus 5 is demanded by
JCM we need to stipulate recalibration for the monitoring system
(3) Project development and implementation
(i) Japanrsquos contribution
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass glass production volumemdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas continued to trend upward in
recent years as well With the greater production of liquid crystal products and other goods coupled
with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and renewed demand for
glass furnaces is forecast for the future as well
Japans glass furnaces have extremely high energy consumption efficiency due to technical
expertise accumulated over many years Therefore we can contribute to long-term reductions in
energy consumption as well as the popularization of and advancements in energy-saving technology
for the host country by transferring this sort of technology
Comparing performance and price with other countries technology it is thought that Japan will
compete with Chinese companies who have an advantage in price We confirmed that Ralaco too
has installed glass furnaces equipped with a Chinese-made automatic fuel-air ratio control system
When we inquired with them about initial costs they said Chinese products cost half as much as
Japanese ones and indicated that price or some other incentive would be needed in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt11gt
encourage them to install Japanese-made technology
Because of this it is thought that providing a certain percentage of funding such as equipment
subsidies or issuing credit under the JCM system will promote the project and make it valid
In addition Ralaco is proactive in its CSR as exemplified by its release of products with a small
environmental impact It is thought that expectations of a publication effect could also help promote
this project to such companies as a project that applied the JCM framework
(ii) Environmental integrity
This project attempts to raise combustion efficiency and lower fuel consumption by optimizing
the atmospheric ratio of existing melting furnaces Thus by implementing this project there is
thought to be little negative effect in environmental terms and there will be no more than limited
noise and such due to construction accompanying the installation of energy-saving systems As a
positive effect the project will attempt to lessen atmospheric pollution by reducing the usage of
fossil fuels
(iii) Sustainable development in host country
It is believed that demand for glass will continue to grow in the host country Therefore pushing
ahead with the installation of energy-saving glass furnaces can while leading to better efficiency in
energy consumption also help improve the level of energy-saving technology in the long-term thus
enabling a large contribution to the sustainable development of the host country
Electricity emission factors Utilize values published by
Vietnamese government
Discount rate of emission reduction Calculate by the difference
of the operating ratio of general technology and high technology
Use for calculation of emission reduction
Calculation
of
reference
emissions
Automatic fuel-air ratio control system (herein referred as general
technology) is diffused above a certain ratio in Vietnam The
reference scenario is set as it is introduced
Monitoring
method
Electricity consumption(kWh) Record the meter of each
furnace every day compare and match with receipt at the end
of month
Heavy oil inflow(kL) Record the value (L) of flowmeter of
each furnace on ledger every day compare and match with
receipt at the end of month
Production volume(t-Glass) Standard weight x cut frequency
(number of revolutions of cutter) for fluorescent light
Standard weight x amount of gob for light bulb Record
these values every day on ledger and conclude them at the
end of month
Result of monitoring
Parameter
(Unit)
Monitoring
Option
Original
Data
Value
Reference Project
Production
volume
(t-Glassyear)
Option C In-house
management
book
6834 9931
Fuel
consumption
(kLyear)
Option C In-house
management
book
2362 1797
Electricity
Consumption
(MWhyear)
Option C In-house
management
book
0 8708
GHG emission reductions Emission reduction= (Reference emission - Project emission) x
Emission reduction discount rate α (provisional figure 8)
Reference emission 10279 t-CO2year
Project emission 5854 t-CO2year
Reduction amount 354 t-CO2year
Environmental impacts This project is not subject to EIA
Air pollutant decreases as fossil fuel combustion amount declines
Promotion of Japanese When in comparison of capability and price with technologies
technologies from abroad Chinese is competitive being superior in price
Initial cost for Chinese facility is as half as Japanese that we need
some sort of incentives in price and so on in order to promote
Japanese technology
Sustainable development
in host country
Glass production volume focusing on plate glass has been
increasing currently in Vietnam Further demand for extension
and renovation of glass furnace is expected with current rise of
architectural demand and production volume expansion of items
with display Japanese glass furnace has exceedingly high
energy efficiency for technical accumulation of many years
Thus transferring these technologies contributes to the host
country in decreasing energy consumption for long term and
promoting and upgrading of energy efficiency technology
Development and
deployment of similar
projects
More diffusion of energy efficiency for glass furnace is expected
with the sudden rise of energy price regulation by energy
efficiency policy and extension of glass product market
Especially Thailand where there is regulation by energy
efficiency policy and energy price is rising is a promising market
and there are in fact many energy efficiency furnace inquiries
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt1gt
JCM Methodology Demonstration Study (PS) 2013
ldquoEnergy efficiency improvement of glass furnacerdquo
(Host country Viet Nam)
Study Entity Ihara Furnace Co Ltd
1Study Implementation Scheme
Rang Dong Light Source and Vacuum Flask Joint Stock Company (Ralaco) demonstration
site
Vietnam Architectural Glass Association provide information concerning trends in the
Vietnamese glass industry
Renova Co Ltd (Renova) assist creation of methodology proposal assist PDD drafting
Proact International Inc (Proact) assist with local market research arrange local research
Japan Quality Assurance Organization (JQA) PDD pre-validation
2Overview of Proposed JCM Project
(1) Description of Project Contents
This project will significantly reduce GHGs for melting furnaces at glass production plants
which consume an extremely large amount of energy by installing the energy-saving technology
described below such as the automatic atmospheric ratio control system and by reducing fuel and
power usage
The project originates from a glass-melting furnace energy-saving proposal implemented in 2005
at Ralaco a major Vietnamese glass products manufacturer in a NEDO study on energy-saving
potential In response to this proposal Ralaco executives highly commended the significant energy
cost reductions from energy saved and decided to install energy-saving furnaces
Afterward although we drafted a PDD for turning the project into a CDM project and it passed
validation it was withdrawn due to remarks added in the registration review by the CDM Executive
Board
Under this situation in order to overcome the aforementioned CDM issues the purpose of this
study is to formulate a proposal for a new MRV methodology for JCM that is based on the basic
unit method and model verification shall be performed at plants involved in this study
(2) Situations of Host Country
(i) Trend of related industry
In addition to light fixtures such as light bulbs and fluorescent lights glass is used for products
such as architectural glass panes automobile glass glass bottles and eating utensils liquid crystal
products and solar cell panels The glass production method is basically the same for each of these
for which high-temperature glass-melting furnaces are used
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass production volume in Viet Nammdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas been expected even in
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt2gt
recent years to continue trending upward With the greater production of liquid crystal products and
other goods coupled with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and
renewed demand for glass-melting furnaces is forecast for the future as well
(ii) Energy-related policy and its actual condition
Electricity consumption in Vietnam represents about a 14 increase every year and the high rate
of increase will continue for the foreseeable future In particular consumption will grow with
regard to cement manufacturing essential to blast furnace ironworks and infrastructure development
in the future in the industrial and construction fields that account for about 50 of electricity
consumption So the response to expanding electricity consumption is an urgent need and a new
electric power development plan was incorporated in the power development master plan However
the power plant that actually operated as planned represents a low number of 63 and 73 in 2009
and 2010 respectively
(iii) Energy saving-related policy and actual condition
Vietnam has worked to promote the saving of energy for instance as a policy to promote energy
saving a government ordinance concerning efficient use of energy and energy savings was
established in 2003 and a national objectives program for energy saving (2006 to 2015) was
prepared in 2006 However government ordinances are guidelines without legal force and so
effectiveness was poor So the Vietnamese government promulgated the ldquoLaw concerning energy
saving and efficient use of energyrdquo that is equivalent to the Energy Saving Act of Japan in July
2010 and executed it in January 2011 Then implementation and operation of the system will be
promoted in Vietnam for instance the government issued detailed rules of implementation and a
penalty decree and restrictions on designated business operators and guidelines for an
energy-saving labeling system were presented to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry
(iv) Climate change-related policy and its actual condition
A National Climate Change Strategy was executed in December 2011 as a policy superior to the
climate change policy and development of renewable energy energy saving in the industrial
construction and traffic sectors and the rest are included in it Also as a practical response the
National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as NTP-RCC) was
executed in 2008 and its materialization is currently being promoted NTP-RCC aims to reduce
GHG by 8 (absolute value) in comparison with 2005 by 2020 and MONRE currently takes the
lead in promoting an allocation of target values by sector along with the instruction of concrete
policies together with other ministries Objectives by industrial sector and by company have not yet
been established and such establishment is not compulsory for business operators at the present
time
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt3gt
3 Study Contents
(1) JCM methodology development
(i) Eligibility criteria
Below listed is the eligibility criterion for the methodology proposal Ver30
Table The eligibility criterion for the methodology proposal Ver30
Criterion Content Purpose
Criterion 1 All of core technologies and two or more
of the following other technologies are
introduced in implementing the project
- Core technologies Automatic fuel-air
ratio control system Furnace pressure
control system Glass level control
system
- Other technologies Tertiary air inflow
prevention burner Cullet preheating
system Electric boosting system Rapid
heating system Plant engineering (design
supervise of construction maintenance)
by companies with high technologies
After field study it turned out that the
diffusion of automatic fuel-air ratio
control system in Vietnam is above a
certain ratio that reference scenario is
set as it is introduced
Furnace pressure control system is
essential for automatic fuel-air ratio
control system being adequately
functional and glass level control
system is highly influential for yield
of product that it is essential for glass
manufacturing as a core technology
After field study other technologies
turned out to be hardly introduced in
Vietnam so far that meeting this
requirement automatically proves
technical additionality
Criterion 2 The applicable furnace include
manufacturing of glass products
To set target industry
Criterion 3 No drastic changes are made in
manufacturing process and products
before the project implementation and
after the project period
To exclude the possibility of
energy-efficiency-activity-unrelated
fluctuation of energy consumption
original unit in case there is a change
for manufacturing method and
product
Criterion 4 Fossil fuel and grid electricity
consumptions including production of
products are measureable one (1) year
before and after the project
implementation
The data of energy consumption and
production volume in the past and of
production volume during project are
required in order to calculate energy
consumption original unit for
reference
The data of fossil fuel and electricity
consumption is required in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt4gt
Criterion Content Purpose
calculate project emission
(ii) Data and parameters fixed ex ante
For reference emissions energy consumption per unit of production volume (A) is fixed
according to ex ante parameters while the GHG emissions coefficient of fossil fuels (B) the GHG
emissions coefficient of grid power (C) and the rate of emissions reduction (D) are set to default
values
(A) is a calculation of basic units of energy consumption (basic units) from energy consumption
data and production volume data of the relevant Ralaco furnaces prior to project implementation
The result of a calculation utilizing data from January 2005 to August 2007 (prior to energy-saving
furnace installation) is a basic unit of 3326 kg of fuel oil per ton of glass
For (B) the IPCCs default values which are thought to be reliable were applied
For (C) the latest combined margin figure (05408 t-CO2MWh) the Vietnamese Ministry of
Natural Resources (MONRE) put together in 2011 was applied
For (D) details are given below in the calculation of emissions reductions but the GHG
reduction results differ due to a disparity between the technical products and services to fulfill
Eligibility Criteria 1 and the atmospheric ratio control systems whose popularization is currently
permitted in Viet Nam beyond a certain ratio and we are considering assessing the capacity
utilization of the automatic atmospheric ratio control system that will be the core technology
(iii) Result of actual monitoring
Below are the Monitoring Plan and Monitoring Implementation Results at the demonstration
plant These were compiled into the PDD and pre-validated by the Japan Quality Assurance
Organization
Monitoring Plan
The monitoring points monitoring parameters and monitoring system were configured and
constructed as follows and verified
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt5gt
Figure Monitoring points
Table Monitoring parameter
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
1 Heavy Oil
Inflow amount
Record values of flow
meter (L) of each furnace
on a ledger every day and
compare them with
receipts at the end of
month
Adjust the inflow amount by
dividing the disparity between
tank and the integrated value of
flow meter with activity ratio of
each furnace
2 Electricity Usage Record integrating
wattmeter of each furnace
every day and compare
them with bills at the end
of month
Integrating wattmeter of each
furnace would be checked by
EVN at the end of month and
bills would be issued
Electricity usage in forming step
not included
3 Production
Volume (Melting
amount base)
Fluorescent Light
Production speed (length
per minute) working
hours standard weight
Electric Light Bulb
Production speed (numbers
per minute) working
hours standard weight
Refer monitoring parameter 4
regarding the standard weight
Warehouse
Furnace
Tank
1
Beer
Product3rsquo
Heavy oil
Forming
bill
Flow meter
X g-GlassY g-Glass
44
Factory
Electricity
3
Monitoring point
Monitoring point
for cross check
1rsquo
Electricity meter2
1 Heavy oil inflow amount
2 Electricity usage
3 Product number
4 Standard weight
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt6gt
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
Record above stated on a
ledger every day and
conclude them at the end
of month
4 Weight per
article
Grasping by sampling No quality standard
regarding weight On the other
hand the standard on profound
of tube does exist measure
weight as first screening
Figure Monitoring structure
Monitoring Implementation Results
These are the results of the monitoring implemented in this project
Table Monitoring Implementation Results
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Production
volume
(t-Glassyr)
Option C company control
records
6834 9931
Fuel usage
(kLyr)
Option C company control
records
2362 1797
Head Quarter
Accounting Dept
Heavy oil
Manager
Electricity
Manager
Production
Manager
Shipping
Manager
Factory
Manager
Daily and monthly report
Monthly report
bull Data collection
bull Compile data for reporting
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile melting
volume of each
furnace
bull Compile shipping
data
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt7gt
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Power usage
(MWhyr)
Option C company control
records
0 8708
(iv) Calculation of GHG emissions (including reference and project emissions)
Calculation of Reference Emissions
EMRR = SEMBP POPJ
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
SEMBP Specific CO2 emission from the energy source before the project
[t-CO2 t-Glass]
POPJ Production volume of project activity in year y [t-Glassyear]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2 t-Glass Refer below calculation formula
POPJ 9931 t-Glassyear Production from September 2012 until August 2013
SEMBP = (EMBP_fuel EMBP_electricity) POBP
=
i
ifuelifuelBPifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELBP CFelectricity POBP
EMBP_fuel CO2 emission from the fossil fuel before the project [t-CO2y]
EMBP_electricity CO2 emission from the grid electricity before the project [t-CO2y]
POBP Production volume before the project [t-Glassyear]
FfueliBP Fossil fuel consumption before the project [1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel i [t-CGJ]
ELBP Grid electricity consumption before the project [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2t-Glass -
EMBP_fuel 18864 t-CO2y -
EMBP_electricity 0 t-CO2y -
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt8gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
POBP 6834 t-Glassy
Multiply average value for production volume from
January 2005 until August 2007 (5695
t-Glassmonth) and 12 month
FfueliBP 2220 kLy
Multiply average value for heavy oil consumption
from January 2005 until August 2007 (1850
t-FOmonth) and 12 month then divide by conversion
factor (094 Ralacorsquos operating value)
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
ELBP 0 MWhy No consumption before the project
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Project Emissions
EMPJ = EMPJ_fuel EMPJ_electricity
=
i
ifuelifuelPJifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELPJ CFelectricity
EMPJ Project CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_fuel Project CO2 emission from the fossil fuel in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_electricity Project CO2 emission from the grid electricity in year y [t-CO2y]
FfueliPJ Project consumption of fossil fuel source i in year y
[1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel source i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel source i [t-CGJ]
ELPJ Project consumption of the grid electricity in year y [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_fuel 5383 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_electricity 4709 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
FfueliPJ 1797 kLy Heavy oil consumption from September 2012
until August 2013
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt9gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
ELPJ 8708 MWhy Grid electricity consumption from September
2012 until August 2013
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Emission Reduction
ER = ( EMRR - EMPJ ) α
ER CO2 emission reduction in year y [t-CO2y]
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ Project CO2 emissions in year y [t-CO2y]
α Discount rate of emission reductions []
Provisional value 8
Below listed values are used in this project The emission reduction is computed as 354 t-CO2year
Parameter Value Unit Notes
ER 354 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y -
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y -
α 8 Default value (Provisional value)
(2) Development of JCM Project Design Document (PDD)
(i) Environmental Impact Assessment
The MONRE is in charge of Environmental Impact Assessments (hereinafter EIAs) in Viet
Nam Under the Law on Environmental Protection which was completely rewritten in 2005 the
authority to approve EIAs was relegated tomdashdepending on the projects characteristicsmdashthe
Vietnam Environment Association (VEA an organization under the MONRE) central government
ministries and agencies or local agencies
The list of projects requiring the drafting of an EIA report appears in Appendix 1 of the decree on
Detailing and Guiding the Implementation of a Number of Articles of the Law on Environmental
Protection (Decree 802006ND-CP) of August 9 2006 According to this an EIA does not have to
be performed when building a glass furnace
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt10gt
(ii) Consultation with Local Stakeholders
In Viet Nam matters such as environmental impacts accompanying project implementation are
generally left to the judgment of the Peoples Committee and public comments are rarely solicited
from employees or local residents For this project as well we told Ralaco several times to question
stakeholders about their opinions as in the past when we aspired to carry out CDM projects
Finally in addition to explaining the automatic fuel-air ratio control system to furnace operators
Ralaco gathered local residents for an information session No particularly negative comments were
raised at that time
In this study Furnace B had been equipped with an IFC automatic fuel-air ratio control system
that had already demonstrated results so the plant employees generally had a positive attitude about
saving furnace energy Employees commented that they also want to improve energy efficiency for
Furnace C which is slated for an upgrade in 2014 due to its currently extremely high basic units of
energy
(iii) Monitoring Plan
In cooperation with Ralaco we formed a Monitoring Plan for this project which we organized
into the Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring System Sheet
(iv) Calibration of Measuring Instruments
We confirmed that the fuel oil flow meters and electricity meters used in the furnaces as well as
the speed sensors used to calculate production volume are not calibrated This corresponds to all
Option C monitoring Since a margin of error of no more than plus or minus 5 is demanded by
JCM we need to stipulate recalibration for the monitoring system
(3) Project development and implementation
(i) Japanrsquos contribution
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass glass production volumemdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas continued to trend upward in
recent years as well With the greater production of liquid crystal products and other goods coupled
with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and renewed demand for
glass furnaces is forecast for the future as well
Japans glass furnaces have extremely high energy consumption efficiency due to technical
expertise accumulated over many years Therefore we can contribute to long-term reductions in
energy consumption as well as the popularization of and advancements in energy-saving technology
for the host country by transferring this sort of technology
Comparing performance and price with other countries technology it is thought that Japan will
compete with Chinese companies who have an advantage in price We confirmed that Ralaco too
has installed glass furnaces equipped with a Chinese-made automatic fuel-air ratio control system
When we inquired with them about initial costs they said Chinese products cost half as much as
Japanese ones and indicated that price or some other incentive would be needed in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt11gt
encourage them to install Japanese-made technology
Because of this it is thought that providing a certain percentage of funding such as equipment
subsidies or issuing credit under the JCM system will promote the project and make it valid
In addition Ralaco is proactive in its CSR as exemplified by its release of products with a small
environmental impact It is thought that expectations of a publication effect could also help promote
this project to such companies as a project that applied the JCM framework
(ii) Environmental integrity
This project attempts to raise combustion efficiency and lower fuel consumption by optimizing
the atmospheric ratio of existing melting furnaces Thus by implementing this project there is
thought to be little negative effect in environmental terms and there will be no more than limited
noise and such due to construction accompanying the installation of energy-saving systems As a
positive effect the project will attempt to lessen atmospheric pollution by reducing the usage of
fossil fuels
(iii) Sustainable development in host country
It is believed that demand for glass will continue to grow in the host country Therefore pushing
ahead with the installation of energy-saving glass furnaces can while leading to better efficiency in
energy consumption also help improve the level of energy-saving technology in the long-term thus
enabling a large contribution to the sustainable development of the host country
technologies from abroad Chinese is competitive being superior in price
Initial cost for Chinese facility is as half as Japanese that we need
some sort of incentives in price and so on in order to promote
Japanese technology
Sustainable development
in host country
Glass production volume focusing on plate glass has been
increasing currently in Vietnam Further demand for extension
and renovation of glass furnace is expected with current rise of
architectural demand and production volume expansion of items
with display Japanese glass furnace has exceedingly high
energy efficiency for technical accumulation of many years
Thus transferring these technologies contributes to the host
country in decreasing energy consumption for long term and
promoting and upgrading of energy efficiency technology
Development and
deployment of similar
projects
More diffusion of energy efficiency for glass furnace is expected
with the sudden rise of energy price regulation by energy
efficiency policy and extension of glass product market
Especially Thailand where there is regulation by energy
efficiency policy and energy price is rising is a promising market
and there are in fact many energy efficiency furnace inquiries
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt1gt
JCM Methodology Demonstration Study (PS) 2013
ldquoEnergy efficiency improvement of glass furnacerdquo
(Host country Viet Nam)
Study Entity Ihara Furnace Co Ltd
1Study Implementation Scheme
Rang Dong Light Source and Vacuum Flask Joint Stock Company (Ralaco) demonstration
site
Vietnam Architectural Glass Association provide information concerning trends in the
Vietnamese glass industry
Renova Co Ltd (Renova) assist creation of methodology proposal assist PDD drafting
Proact International Inc (Proact) assist with local market research arrange local research
Japan Quality Assurance Organization (JQA) PDD pre-validation
2Overview of Proposed JCM Project
(1) Description of Project Contents
This project will significantly reduce GHGs for melting furnaces at glass production plants
which consume an extremely large amount of energy by installing the energy-saving technology
described below such as the automatic atmospheric ratio control system and by reducing fuel and
power usage
The project originates from a glass-melting furnace energy-saving proposal implemented in 2005
at Ralaco a major Vietnamese glass products manufacturer in a NEDO study on energy-saving
potential In response to this proposal Ralaco executives highly commended the significant energy
cost reductions from energy saved and decided to install energy-saving furnaces
Afterward although we drafted a PDD for turning the project into a CDM project and it passed
validation it was withdrawn due to remarks added in the registration review by the CDM Executive
Board
Under this situation in order to overcome the aforementioned CDM issues the purpose of this
study is to formulate a proposal for a new MRV methodology for JCM that is based on the basic
unit method and model verification shall be performed at plants involved in this study
(2) Situations of Host Country
(i) Trend of related industry
In addition to light fixtures such as light bulbs and fluorescent lights glass is used for products
such as architectural glass panes automobile glass glass bottles and eating utensils liquid crystal
products and solar cell panels The glass production method is basically the same for each of these
for which high-temperature glass-melting furnaces are used
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass production volume in Viet Nammdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas been expected even in
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt2gt
recent years to continue trending upward With the greater production of liquid crystal products and
other goods coupled with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and
renewed demand for glass-melting furnaces is forecast for the future as well
(ii) Energy-related policy and its actual condition
Electricity consumption in Vietnam represents about a 14 increase every year and the high rate
of increase will continue for the foreseeable future In particular consumption will grow with
regard to cement manufacturing essential to blast furnace ironworks and infrastructure development
in the future in the industrial and construction fields that account for about 50 of electricity
consumption So the response to expanding electricity consumption is an urgent need and a new
electric power development plan was incorporated in the power development master plan However
the power plant that actually operated as planned represents a low number of 63 and 73 in 2009
and 2010 respectively
(iii) Energy saving-related policy and actual condition
Vietnam has worked to promote the saving of energy for instance as a policy to promote energy
saving a government ordinance concerning efficient use of energy and energy savings was
established in 2003 and a national objectives program for energy saving (2006 to 2015) was
prepared in 2006 However government ordinances are guidelines without legal force and so
effectiveness was poor So the Vietnamese government promulgated the ldquoLaw concerning energy
saving and efficient use of energyrdquo that is equivalent to the Energy Saving Act of Japan in July
2010 and executed it in January 2011 Then implementation and operation of the system will be
promoted in Vietnam for instance the government issued detailed rules of implementation and a
penalty decree and restrictions on designated business operators and guidelines for an
energy-saving labeling system were presented to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry
(iv) Climate change-related policy and its actual condition
A National Climate Change Strategy was executed in December 2011 as a policy superior to the
climate change policy and development of renewable energy energy saving in the industrial
construction and traffic sectors and the rest are included in it Also as a practical response the
National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as NTP-RCC) was
executed in 2008 and its materialization is currently being promoted NTP-RCC aims to reduce
GHG by 8 (absolute value) in comparison with 2005 by 2020 and MONRE currently takes the
lead in promoting an allocation of target values by sector along with the instruction of concrete
policies together with other ministries Objectives by industrial sector and by company have not yet
been established and such establishment is not compulsory for business operators at the present
time
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt3gt
3 Study Contents
(1) JCM methodology development
(i) Eligibility criteria
Below listed is the eligibility criterion for the methodology proposal Ver30
Table The eligibility criterion for the methodology proposal Ver30
Criterion Content Purpose
Criterion 1 All of core technologies and two or more
of the following other technologies are
introduced in implementing the project
- Core technologies Automatic fuel-air
ratio control system Furnace pressure
control system Glass level control
system
- Other technologies Tertiary air inflow
prevention burner Cullet preheating
system Electric boosting system Rapid
heating system Plant engineering (design
supervise of construction maintenance)
by companies with high technologies
After field study it turned out that the
diffusion of automatic fuel-air ratio
control system in Vietnam is above a
certain ratio that reference scenario is
set as it is introduced
Furnace pressure control system is
essential for automatic fuel-air ratio
control system being adequately
functional and glass level control
system is highly influential for yield
of product that it is essential for glass
manufacturing as a core technology
After field study other technologies
turned out to be hardly introduced in
Vietnam so far that meeting this
requirement automatically proves
technical additionality
Criterion 2 The applicable furnace include
manufacturing of glass products
To set target industry
Criterion 3 No drastic changes are made in
manufacturing process and products
before the project implementation and
after the project period
To exclude the possibility of
energy-efficiency-activity-unrelated
fluctuation of energy consumption
original unit in case there is a change
for manufacturing method and
product
Criterion 4 Fossil fuel and grid electricity
consumptions including production of
products are measureable one (1) year
before and after the project
implementation
The data of energy consumption and
production volume in the past and of
production volume during project are
required in order to calculate energy
consumption original unit for
reference
The data of fossil fuel and electricity
consumption is required in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt4gt
Criterion Content Purpose
calculate project emission
(ii) Data and parameters fixed ex ante
For reference emissions energy consumption per unit of production volume (A) is fixed
according to ex ante parameters while the GHG emissions coefficient of fossil fuels (B) the GHG
emissions coefficient of grid power (C) and the rate of emissions reduction (D) are set to default
values
(A) is a calculation of basic units of energy consumption (basic units) from energy consumption
data and production volume data of the relevant Ralaco furnaces prior to project implementation
The result of a calculation utilizing data from January 2005 to August 2007 (prior to energy-saving
furnace installation) is a basic unit of 3326 kg of fuel oil per ton of glass
For (B) the IPCCs default values which are thought to be reliable were applied
For (C) the latest combined margin figure (05408 t-CO2MWh) the Vietnamese Ministry of
Natural Resources (MONRE) put together in 2011 was applied
For (D) details are given below in the calculation of emissions reductions but the GHG
reduction results differ due to a disparity between the technical products and services to fulfill
Eligibility Criteria 1 and the atmospheric ratio control systems whose popularization is currently
permitted in Viet Nam beyond a certain ratio and we are considering assessing the capacity
utilization of the automatic atmospheric ratio control system that will be the core technology
(iii) Result of actual monitoring
Below are the Monitoring Plan and Monitoring Implementation Results at the demonstration
plant These were compiled into the PDD and pre-validated by the Japan Quality Assurance
Organization
Monitoring Plan
The monitoring points monitoring parameters and monitoring system were configured and
constructed as follows and verified
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt5gt
Figure Monitoring points
Table Monitoring parameter
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
1 Heavy Oil
Inflow amount
Record values of flow
meter (L) of each furnace
on a ledger every day and
compare them with
receipts at the end of
month
Adjust the inflow amount by
dividing the disparity between
tank and the integrated value of
flow meter with activity ratio of
each furnace
2 Electricity Usage Record integrating
wattmeter of each furnace
every day and compare
them with bills at the end
of month
Integrating wattmeter of each
furnace would be checked by
EVN at the end of month and
bills would be issued
Electricity usage in forming step
not included
3 Production
Volume (Melting
amount base)
Fluorescent Light
Production speed (length
per minute) working
hours standard weight
Electric Light Bulb
Production speed (numbers
per minute) working
hours standard weight
Refer monitoring parameter 4
regarding the standard weight
Warehouse
Furnace
Tank
1
Beer
Product3rsquo
Heavy oil
Forming
bill
Flow meter
X g-GlassY g-Glass
44
Factory
Electricity
3
Monitoring point
Monitoring point
for cross check
1rsquo
Electricity meter2
1 Heavy oil inflow amount
2 Electricity usage
3 Product number
4 Standard weight
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt6gt
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
Record above stated on a
ledger every day and
conclude them at the end
of month
4 Weight per
article
Grasping by sampling No quality standard
regarding weight On the other
hand the standard on profound
of tube does exist measure
weight as first screening
Figure Monitoring structure
Monitoring Implementation Results
These are the results of the monitoring implemented in this project
Table Monitoring Implementation Results
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Production
volume
(t-Glassyr)
Option C company control
records
6834 9931
Fuel usage
(kLyr)
Option C company control
records
2362 1797
Head Quarter
Accounting Dept
Heavy oil
Manager
Electricity
Manager
Production
Manager
Shipping
Manager
Factory
Manager
Daily and monthly report
Monthly report
bull Data collection
bull Compile data for reporting
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile melting
volume of each
furnace
bull Compile shipping
data
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt7gt
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Power usage
(MWhyr)
Option C company control
records
0 8708
(iv) Calculation of GHG emissions (including reference and project emissions)
Calculation of Reference Emissions
EMRR = SEMBP POPJ
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
SEMBP Specific CO2 emission from the energy source before the project
[t-CO2 t-Glass]
POPJ Production volume of project activity in year y [t-Glassyear]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2 t-Glass Refer below calculation formula
POPJ 9931 t-Glassyear Production from September 2012 until August 2013
SEMBP = (EMBP_fuel EMBP_electricity) POBP
=
i
ifuelifuelBPifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELBP CFelectricity POBP
EMBP_fuel CO2 emission from the fossil fuel before the project [t-CO2y]
EMBP_electricity CO2 emission from the grid electricity before the project [t-CO2y]
POBP Production volume before the project [t-Glassyear]
FfueliBP Fossil fuel consumption before the project [1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel i [t-CGJ]
ELBP Grid electricity consumption before the project [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2t-Glass -
EMBP_fuel 18864 t-CO2y -
EMBP_electricity 0 t-CO2y -
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt8gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
POBP 6834 t-Glassy
Multiply average value for production volume from
January 2005 until August 2007 (5695
t-Glassmonth) and 12 month
FfueliBP 2220 kLy
Multiply average value for heavy oil consumption
from January 2005 until August 2007 (1850
t-FOmonth) and 12 month then divide by conversion
factor (094 Ralacorsquos operating value)
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
ELBP 0 MWhy No consumption before the project
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Project Emissions
EMPJ = EMPJ_fuel EMPJ_electricity
=
i
ifuelifuelPJifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELPJ CFelectricity
EMPJ Project CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_fuel Project CO2 emission from the fossil fuel in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_electricity Project CO2 emission from the grid electricity in year y [t-CO2y]
FfueliPJ Project consumption of fossil fuel source i in year y
[1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel source i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel source i [t-CGJ]
ELPJ Project consumption of the grid electricity in year y [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_fuel 5383 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_electricity 4709 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
FfueliPJ 1797 kLy Heavy oil consumption from September 2012
until August 2013
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt9gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
ELPJ 8708 MWhy Grid electricity consumption from September
2012 until August 2013
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Emission Reduction
ER = ( EMRR - EMPJ ) α
ER CO2 emission reduction in year y [t-CO2y]
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ Project CO2 emissions in year y [t-CO2y]
α Discount rate of emission reductions []
Provisional value 8
Below listed values are used in this project The emission reduction is computed as 354 t-CO2year
Parameter Value Unit Notes
ER 354 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y -
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y -
α 8 Default value (Provisional value)
(2) Development of JCM Project Design Document (PDD)
(i) Environmental Impact Assessment
The MONRE is in charge of Environmental Impact Assessments (hereinafter EIAs) in Viet
Nam Under the Law on Environmental Protection which was completely rewritten in 2005 the
authority to approve EIAs was relegated tomdashdepending on the projects characteristicsmdashthe
Vietnam Environment Association (VEA an organization under the MONRE) central government
ministries and agencies or local agencies
The list of projects requiring the drafting of an EIA report appears in Appendix 1 of the decree on
Detailing and Guiding the Implementation of a Number of Articles of the Law on Environmental
Protection (Decree 802006ND-CP) of August 9 2006 According to this an EIA does not have to
be performed when building a glass furnace
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt10gt
(ii) Consultation with Local Stakeholders
In Viet Nam matters such as environmental impacts accompanying project implementation are
generally left to the judgment of the Peoples Committee and public comments are rarely solicited
from employees or local residents For this project as well we told Ralaco several times to question
stakeholders about their opinions as in the past when we aspired to carry out CDM projects
Finally in addition to explaining the automatic fuel-air ratio control system to furnace operators
Ralaco gathered local residents for an information session No particularly negative comments were
raised at that time
In this study Furnace B had been equipped with an IFC automatic fuel-air ratio control system
that had already demonstrated results so the plant employees generally had a positive attitude about
saving furnace energy Employees commented that they also want to improve energy efficiency for
Furnace C which is slated for an upgrade in 2014 due to its currently extremely high basic units of
energy
(iii) Monitoring Plan
In cooperation with Ralaco we formed a Monitoring Plan for this project which we organized
into the Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring System Sheet
(iv) Calibration of Measuring Instruments
We confirmed that the fuel oil flow meters and electricity meters used in the furnaces as well as
the speed sensors used to calculate production volume are not calibrated This corresponds to all
Option C monitoring Since a margin of error of no more than plus or minus 5 is demanded by
JCM we need to stipulate recalibration for the monitoring system
(3) Project development and implementation
(i) Japanrsquos contribution
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass glass production volumemdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas continued to trend upward in
recent years as well With the greater production of liquid crystal products and other goods coupled
with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and renewed demand for
glass furnaces is forecast for the future as well
Japans glass furnaces have extremely high energy consumption efficiency due to technical
expertise accumulated over many years Therefore we can contribute to long-term reductions in
energy consumption as well as the popularization of and advancements in energy-saving technology
for the host country by transferring this sort of technology
Comparing performance and price with other countries technology it is thought that Japan will
compete with Chinese companies who have an advantage in price We confirmed that Ralaco too
has installed glass furnaces equipped with a Chinese-made automatic fuel-air ratio control system
When we inquired with them about initial costs they said Chinese products cost half as much as
Japanese ones and indicated that price or some other incentive would be needed in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt11gt
encourage them to install Japanese-made technology
Because of this it is thought that providing a certain percentage of funding such as equipment
subsidies or issuing credit under the JCM system will promote the project and make it valid
In addition Ralaco is proactive in its CSR as exemplified by its release of products with a small
environmental impact It is thought that expectations of a publication effect could also help promote
this project to such companies as a project that applied the JCM framework
(ii) Environmental integrity
This project attempts to raise combustion efficiency and lower fuel consumption by optimizing
the atmospheric ratio of existing melting furnaces Thus by implementing this project there is
thought to be little negative effect in environmental terms and there will be no more than limited
noise and such due to construction accompanying the installation of energy-saving systems As a
positive effect the project will attempt to lessen atmospheric pollution by reducing the usage of
fossil fuels
(iii) Sustainable development in host country
It is believed that demand for glass will continue to grow in the host country Therefore pushing
ahead with the installation of energy-saving glass furnaces can while leading to better efficiency in
energy consumption also help improve the level of energy-saving technology in the long-term thus
enabling a large contribution to the sustainable development of the host country
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt1gt
JCM Methodology Demonstration Study (PS) 2013
ldquoEnergy efficiency improvement of glass furnacerdquo
(Host country Viet Nam)
Study Entity Ihara Furnace Co Ltd
1Study Implementation Scheme
Rang Dong Light Source and Vacuum Flask Joint Stock Company (Ralaco) demonstration
site
Vietnam Architectural Glass Association provide information concerning trends in the
Vietnamese glass industry
Renova Co Ltd (Renova) assist creation of methodology proposal assist PDD drafting
Proact International Inc (Proact) assist with local market research arrange local research
Japan Quality Assurance Organization (JQA) PDD pre-validation
2Overview of Proposed JCM Project
(1) Description of Project Contents
This project will significantly reduce GHGs for melting furnaces at glass production plants
which consume an extremely large amount of energy by installing the energy-saving technology
described below such as the automatic atmospheric ratio control system and by reducing fuel and
power usage
The project originates from a glass-melting furnace energy-saving proposal implemented in 2005
at Ralaco a major Vietnamese glass products manufacturer in a NEDO study on energy-saving
potential In response to this proposal Ralaco executives highly commended the significant energy
cost reductions from energy saved and decided to install energy-saving furnaces
Afterward although we drafted a PDD for turning the project into a CDM project and it passed
validation it was withdrawn due to remarks added in the registration review by the CDM Executive
Board
Under this situation in order to overcome the aforementioned CDM issues the purpose of this
study is to formulate a proposal for a new MRV methodology for JCM that is based on the basic
unit method and model verification shall be performed at plants involved in this study
(2) Situations of Host Country
(i) Trend of related industry
In addition to light fixtures such as light bulbs and fluorescent lights glass is used for products
such as architectural glass panes automobile glass glass bottles and eating utensils liquid crystal
products and solar cell panels The glass production method is basically the same for each of these
for which high-temperature glass-melting furnaces are used
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass production volume in Viet Nammdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas been expected even in
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt2gt
recent years to continue trending upward With the greater production of liquid crystal products and
other goods coupled with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and
renewed demand for glass-melting furnaces is forecast for the future as well
(ii) Energy-related policy and its actual condition
Electricity consumption in Vietnam represents about a 14 increase every year and the high rate
of increase will continue for the foreseeable future In particular consumption will grow with
regard to cement manufacturing essential to blast furnace ironworks and infrastructure development
in the future in the industrial and construction fields that account for about 50 of electricity
consumption So the response to expanding electricity consumption is an urgent need and a new
electric power development plan was incorporated in the power development master plan However
the power plant that actually operated as planned represents a low number of 63 and 73 in 2009
and 2010 respectively
(iii) Energy saving-related policy and actual condition
Vietnam has worked to promote the saving of energy for instance as a policy to promote energy
saving a government ordinance concerning efficient use of energy and energy savings was
established in 2003 and a national objectives program for energy saving (2006 to 2015) was
prepared in 2006 However government ordinances are guidelines without legal force and so
effectiveness was poor So the Vietnamese government promulgated the ldquoLaw concerning energy
saving and efficient use of energyrdquo that is equivalent to the Energy Saving Act of Japan in July
2010 and executed it in January 2011 Then implementation and operation of the system will be
promoted in Vietnam for instance the government issued detailed rules of implementation and a
penalty decree and restrictions on designated business operators and guidelines for an
energy-saving labeling system were presented to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry
(iv) Climate change-related policy and its actual condition
A National Climate Change Strategy was executed in December 2011 as a policy superior to the
climate change policy and development of renewable energy energy saving in the industrial
construction and traffic sectors and the rest are included in it Also as a practical response the
National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as NTP-RCC) was
executed in 2008 and its materialization is currently being promoted NTP-RCC aims to reduce
GHG by 8 (absolute value) in comparison with 2005 by 2020 and MONRE currently takes the
lead in promoting an allocation of target values by sector along with the instruction of concrete
policies together with other ministries Objectives by industrial sector and by company have not yet
been established and such establishment is not compulsory for business operators at the present
time
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt3gt
3 Study Contents
(1) JCM methodology development
(i) Eligibility criteria
Below listed is the eligibility criterion for the methodology proposal Ver30
Table The eligibility criterion for the methodology proposal Ver30
Criterion Content Purpose
Criterion 1 All of core technologies and two or more
of the following other technologies are
introduced in implementing the project
- Core technologies Automatic fuel-air
ratio control system Furnace pressure
control system Glass level control
system
- Other technologies Tertiary air inflow
prevention burner Cullet preheating
system Electric boosting system Rapid
heating system Plant engineering (design
supervise of construction maintenance)
by companies with high technologies
After field study it turned out that the
diffusion of automatic fuel-air ratio
control system in Vietnam is above a
certain ratio that reference scenario is
set as it is introduced
Furnace pressure control system is
essential for automatic fuel-air ratio
control system being adequately
functional and glass level control
system is highly influential for yield
of product that it is essential for glass
manufacturing as a core technology
After field study other technologies
turned out to be hardly introduced in
Vietnam so far that meeting this
requirement automatically proves
technical additionality
Criterion 2 The applicable furnace include
manufacturing of glass products
To set target industry
Criterion 3 No drastic changes are made in
manufacturing process and products
before the project implementation and
after the project period
To exclude the possibility of
energy-efficiency-activity-unrelated
fluctuation of energy consumption
original unit in case there is a change
for manufacturing method and
product
Criterion 4 Fossil fuel and grid electricity
consumptions including production of
products are measureable one (1) year
before and after the project
implementation
The data of energy consumption and
production volume in the past and of
production volume during project are
required in order to calculate energy
consumption original unit for
reference
The data of fossil fuel and electricity
consumption is required in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt4gt
Criterion Content Purpose
calculate project emission
(ii) Data and parameters fixed ex ante
For reference emissions energy consumption per unit of production volume (A) is fixed
according to ex ante parameters while the GHG emissions coefficient of fossil fuels (B) the GHG
emissions coefficient of grid power (C) and the rate of emissions reduction (D) are set to default
values
(A) is a calculation of basic units of energy consumption (basic units) from energy consumption
data and production volume data of the relevant Ralaco furnaces prior to project implementation
The result of a calculation utilizing data from January 2005 to August 2007 (prior to energy-saving
furnace installation) is a basic unit of 3326 kg of fuel oil per ton of glass
For (B) the IPCCs default values which are thought to be reliable were applied
For (C) the latest combined margin figure (05408 t-CO2MWh) the Vietnamese Ministry of
Natural Resources (MONRE) put together in 2011 was applied
For (D) details are given below in the calculation of emissions reductions but the GHG
reduction results differ due to a disparity between the technical products and services to fulfill
Eligibility Criteria 1 and the atmospheric ratio control systems whose popularization is currently
permitted in Viet Nam beyond a certain ratio and we are considering assessing the capacity
utilization of the automatic atmospheric ratio control system that will be the core technology
(iii) Result of actual monitoring
Below are the Monitoring Plan and Monitoring Implementation Results at the demonstration
plant These were compiled into the PDD and pre-validated by the Japan Quality Assurance
Organization
Monitoring Plan
The monitoring points monitoring parameters and monitoring system were configured and
constructed as follows and verified
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt5gt
Figure Monitoring points
Table Monitoring parameter
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
1 Heavy Oil
Inflow amount
Record values of flow
meter (L) of each furnace
on a ledger every day and
compare them with
receipts at the end of
month
Adjust the inflow amount by
dividing the disparity between
tank and the integrated value of
flow meter with activity ratio of
each furnace
2 Electricity Usage Record integrating
wattmeter of each furnace
every day and compare
them with bills at the end
of month
Integrating wattmeter of each
furnace would be checked by
EVN at the end of month and
bills would be issued
Electricity usage in forming step
not included
3 Production
Volume (Melting
amount base)
Fluorescent Light
Production speed (length
per minute) working
hours standard weight
Electric Light Bulb
Production speed (numbers
per minute) working
hours standard weight
Refer monitoring parameter 4
regarding the standard weight
Warehouse
Furnace
Tank
1
Beer
Product3rsquo
Heavy oil
Forming
bill
Flow meter
X g-GlassY g-Glass
44
Factory
Electricity
3
Monitoring point
Monitoring point
for cross check
1rsquo
Electricity meter2
1 Heavy oil inflow amount
2 Electricity usage
3 Product number
4 Standard weight
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt6gt
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
Record above stated on a
ledger every day and
conclude them at the end
of month
4 Weight per
article
Grasping by sampling No quality standard
regarding weight On the other
hand the standard on profound
of tube does exist measure
weight as first screening
Figure Monitoring structure
Monitoring Implementation Results
These are the results of the monitoring implemented in this project
Table Monitoring Implementation Results
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Production
volume
(t-Glassyr)
Option C company control
records
6834 9931
Fuel usage
(kLyr)
Option C company control
records
2362 1797
Head Quarter
Accounting Dept
Heavy oil
Manager
Electricity
Manager
Production
Manager
Shipping
Manager
Factory
Manager
Daily and monthly report
Monthly report
bull Data collection
bull Compile data for reporting
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile melting
volume of each
furnace
bull Compile shipping
data
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt7gt
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Power usage
(MWhyr)
Option C company control
records
0 8708
(iv) Calculation of GHG emissions (including reference and project emissions)
Calculation of Reference Emissions
EMRR = SEMBP POPJ
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
SEMBP Specific CO2 emission from the energy source before the project
[t-CO2 t-Glass]
POPJ Production volume of project activity in year y [t-Glassyear]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2 t-Glass Refer below calculation formula
POPJ 9931 t-Glassyear Production from September 2012 until August 2013
SEMBP = (EMBP_fuel EMBP_electricity) POBP
=
i
ifuelifuelBPifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELBP CFelectricity POBP
EMBP_fuel CO2 emission from the fossil fuel before the project [t-CO2y]
EMBP_electricity CO2 emission from the grid electricity before the project [t-CO2y]
POBP Production volume before the project [t-Glassyear]
FfueliBP Fossil fuel consumption before the project [1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel i [t-CGJ]
ELBP Grid electricity consumption before the project [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2t-Glass -
EMBP_fuel 18864 t-CO2y -
EMBP_electricity 0 t-CO2y -
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt8gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
POBP 6834 t-Glassy
Multiply average value for production volume from
January 2005 until August 2007 (5695
t-Glassmonth) and 12 month
FfueliBP 2220 kLy
Multiply average value for heavy oil consumption
from January 2005 until August 2007 (1850
t-FOmonth) and 12 month then divide by conversion
factor (094 Ralacorsquos operating value)
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
ELBP 0 MWhy No consumption before the project
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Project Emissions
EMPJ = EMPJ_fuel EMPJ_electricity
=
i
ifuelifuelPJifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELPJ CFelectricity
EMPJ Project CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_fuel Project CO2 emission from the fossil fuel in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_electricity Project CO2 emission from the grid electricity in year y [t-CO2y]
FfueliPJ Project consumption of fossil fuel source i in year y
[1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel source i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel source i [t-CGJ]
ELPJ Project consumption of the grid electricity in year y [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_fuel 5383 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_electricity 4709 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
FfueliPJ 1797 kLy Heavy oil consumption from September 2012
until August 2013
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt9gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
ELPJ 8708 MWhy Grid electricity consumption from September
2012 until August 2013
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Emission Reduction
ER = ( EMRR - EMPJ ) α
ER CO2 emission reduction in year y [t-CO2y]
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ Project CO2 emissions in year y [t-CO2y]
α Discount rate of emission reductions []
Provisional value 8
Below listed values are used in this project The emission reduction is computed as 354 t-CO2year
Parameter Value Unit Notes
ER 354 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y -
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y -
α 8 Default value (Provisional value)
(2) Development of JCM Project Design Document (PDD)
(i) Environmental Impact Assessment
The MONRE is in charge of Environmental Impact Assessments (hereinafter EIAs) in Viet
Nam Under the Law on Environmental Protection which was completely rewritten in 2005 the
authority to approve EIAs was relegated tomdashdepending on the projects characteristicsmdashthe
Vietnam Environment Association (VEA an organization under the MONRE) central government
ministries and agencies or local agencies
The list of projects requiring the drafting of an EIA report appears in Appendix 1 of the decree on
Detailing and Guiding the Implementation of a Number of Articles of the Law on Environmental
Protection (Decree 802006ND-CP) of August 9 2006 According to this an EIA does not have to
be performed when building a glass furnace
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt10gt
(ii) Consultation with Local Stakeholders
In Viet Nam matters such as environmental impacts accompanying project implementation are
generally left to the judgment of the Peoples Committee and public comments are rarely solicited
from employees or local residents For this project as well we told Ralaco several times to question
stakeholders about their opinions as in the past when we aspired to carry out CDM projects
Finally in addition to explaining the automatic fuel-air ratio control system to furnace operators
Ralaco gathered local residents for an information session No particularly negative comments were
raised at that time
In this study Furnace B had been equipped with an IFC automatic fuel-air ratio control system
that had already demonstrated results so the plant employees generally had a positive attitude about
saving furnace energy Employees commented that they also want to improve energy efficiency for
Furnace C which is slated for an upgrade in 2014 due to its currently extremely high basic units of
energy
(iii) Monitoring Plan
In cooperation with Ralaco we formed a Monitoring Plan for this project which we organized
into the Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring System Sheet
(iv) Calibration of Measuring Instruments
We confirmed that the fuel oil flow meters and electricity meters used in the furnaces as well as
the speed sensors used to calculate production volume are not calibrated This corresponds to all
Option C monitoring Since a margin of error of no more than plus or minus 5 is demanded by
JCM we need to stipulate recalibration for the monitoring system
(3) Project development and implementation
(i) Japanrsquos contribution
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass glass production volumemdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas continued to trend upward in
recent years as well With the greater production of liquid crystal products and other goods coupled
with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and renewed demand for
glass furnaces is forecast for the future as well
Japans glass furnaces have extremely high energy consumption efficiency due to technical
expertise accumulated over many years Therefore we can contribute to long-term reductions in
energy consumption as well as the popularization of and advancements in energy-saving technology
for the host country by transferring this sort of technology
Comparing performance and price with other countries technology it is thought that Japan will
compete with Chinese companies who have an advantage in price We confirmed that Ralaco too
has installed glass furnaces equipped with a Chinese-made automatic fuel-air ratio control system
When we inquired with them about initial costs they said Chinese products cost half as much as
Japanese ones and indicated that price or some other incentive would be needed in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt11gt
encourage them to install Japanese-made technology
Because of this it is thought that providing a certain percentage of funding such as equipment
subsidies or issuing credit under the JCM system will promote the project and make it valid
In addition Ralaco is proactive in its CSR as exemplified by its release of products with a small
environmental impact It is thought that expectations of a publication effect could also help promote
this project to such companies as a project that applied the JCM framework
(ii) Environmental integrity
This project attempts to raise combustion efficiency and lower fuel consumption by optimizing
the atmospheric ratio of existing melting furnaces Thus by implementing this project there is
thought to be little negative effect in environmental terms and there will be no more than limited
noise and such due to construction accompanying the installation of energy-saving systems As a
positive effect the project will attempt to lessen atmospheric pollution by reducing the usage of
fossil fuels
(iii) Sustainable development in host country
It is believed that demand for glass will continue to grow in the host country Therefore pushing
ahead with the installation of energy-saving glass furnaces can while leading to better efficiency in
energy consumption also help improve the level of energy-saving technology in the long-term thus
enabling a large contribution to the sustainable development of the host country
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt2gt
recent years to continue trending upward With the greater production of liquid crystal products and
other goods coupled with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and
renewed demand for glass-melting furnaces is forecast for the future as well
(ii) Energy-related policy and its actual condition
Electricity consumption in Vietnam represents about a 14 increase every year and the high rate
of increase will continue for the foreseeable future In particular consumption will grow with
regard to cement manufacturing essential to blast furnace ironworks and infrastructure development
in the future in the industrial and construction fields that account for about 50 of electricity
consumption So the response to expanding electricity consumption is an urgent need and a new
electric power development plan was incorporated in the power development master plan However
the power plant that actually operated as planned represents a low number of 63 and 73 in 2009
and 2010 respectively
(iii) Energy saving-related policy and actual condition
Vietnam has worked to promote the saving of energy for instance as a policy to promote energy
saving a government ordinance concerning efficient use of energy and energy savings was
established in 2003 and a national objectives program for energy saving (2006 to 2015) was
prepared in 2006 However government ordinances are guidelines without legal force and so
effectiveness was poor So the Vietnamese government promulgated the ldquoLaw concerning energy
saving and efficient use of energyrdquo that is equivalent to the Energy Saving Act of Japan in July
2010 and executed it in January 2011 Then implementation and operation of the system will be
promoted in Vietnam for instance the government issued detailed rules of implementation and a
penalty decree and restrictions on designated business operators and guidelines for an
energy-saving labeling system were presented to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry
(iv) Climate change-related policy and its actual condition
A National Climate Change Strategy was executed in December 2011 as a policy superior to the
climate change policy and development of renewable energy energy saving in the industrial
construction and traffic sectors and the rest are included in it Also as a practical response the
National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as NTP-RCC) was
executed in 2008 and its materialization is currently being promoted NTP-RCC aims to reduce
GHG by 8 (absolute value) in comparison with 2005 by 2020 and MONRE currently takes the
lead in promoting an allocation of target values by sector along with the instruction of concrete
policies together with other ministries Objectives by industrial sector and by company have not yet
been established and such establishment is not compulsory for business operators at the present
time
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt3gt
3 Study Contents
(1) JCM methodology development
(i) Eligibility criteria
Below listed is the eligibility criterion for the methodology proposal Ver30
Table The eligibility criterion for the methodology proposal Ver30
Criterion Content Purpose
Criterion 1 All of core technologies and two or more
of the following other technologies are
introduced in implementing the project
- Core technologies Automatic fuel-air
ratio control system Furnace pressure
control system Glass level control
system
- Other technologies Tertiary air inflow
prevention burner Cullet preheating
system Electric boosting system Rapid
heating system Plant engineering (design
supervise of construction maintenance)
by companies with high technologies
After field study it turned out that the
diffusion of automatic fuel-air ratio
control system in Vietnam is above a
certain ratio that reference scenario is
set as it is introduced
Furnace pressure control system is
essential for automatic fuel-air ratio
control system being adequately
functional and glass level control
system is highly influential for yield
of product that it is essential for glass
manufacturing as a core technology
After field study other technologies
turned out to be hardly introduced in
Vietnam so far that meeting this
requirement automatically proves
technical additionality
Criterion 2 The applicable furnace include
manufacturing of glass products
To set target industry
Criterion 3 No drastic changes are made in
manufacturing process and products
before the project implementation and
after the project period
To exclude the possibility of
energy-efficiency-activity-unrelated
fluctuation of energy consumption
original unit in case there is a change
for manufacturing method and
product
Criterion 4 Fossil fuel and grid electricity
consumptions including production of
products are measureable one (1) year
before and after the project
implementation
The data of energy consumption and
production volume in the past and of
production volume during project are
required in order to calculate energy
consumption original unit for
reference
The data of fossil fuel and electricity
consumption is required in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt4gt
Criterion Content Purpose
calculate project emission
(ii) Data and parameters fixed ex ante
For reference emissions energy consumption per unit of production volume (A) is fixed
according to ex ante parameters while the GHG emissions coefficient of fossil fuels (B) the GHG
emissions coefficient of grid power (C) and the rate of emissions reduction (D) are set to default
values
(A) is a calculation of basic units of energy consumption (basic units) from energy consumption
data and production volume data of the relevant Ralaco furnaces prior to project implementation
The result of a calculation utilizing data from January 2005 to August 2007 (prior to energy-saving
furnace installation) is a basic unit of 3326 kg of fuel oil per ton of glass
For (B) the IPCCs default values which are thought to be reliable were applied
For (C) the latest combined margin figure (05408 t-CO2MWh) the Vietnamese Ministry of
Natural Resources (MONRE) put together in 2011 was applied
For (D) details are given below in the calculation of emissions reductions but the GHG
reduction results differ due to a disparity between the technical products and services to fulfill
Eligibility Criteria 1 and the atmospheric ratio control systems whose popularization is currently
permitted in Viet Nam beyond a certain ratio and we are considering assessing the capacity
utilization of the automatic atmospheric ratio control system that will be the core technology
(iii) Result of actual monitoring
Below are the Monitoring Plan and Monitoring Implementation Results at the demonstration
plant These were compiled into the PDD and pre-validated by the Japan Quality Assurance
Organization
Monitoring Plan
The monitoring points monitoring parameters and monitoring system were configured and
constructed as follows and verified
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt5gt
Figure Monitoring points
Table Monitoring parameter
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
1 Heavy Oil
Inflow amount
Record values of flow
meter (L) of each furnace
on a ledger every day and
compare them with
receipts at the end of
month
Adjust the inflow amount by
dividing the disparity between
tank and the integrated value of
flow meter with activity ratio of
each furnace
2 Electricity Usage Record integrating
wattmeter of each furnace
every day and compare
them with bills at the end
of month
Integrating wattmeter of each
furnace would be checked by
EVN at the end of month and
bills would be issued
Electricity usage in forming step
not included
3 Production
Volume (Melting
amount base)
Fluorescent Light
Production speed (length
per minute) working
hours standard weight
Electric Light Bulb
Production speed (numbers
per minute) working
hours standard weight
Refer monitoring parameter 4
regarding the standard weight
Warehouse
Furnace
Tank
1
Beer
Product3rsquo
Heavy oil
Forming
bill
Flow meter
X g-GlassY g-Glass
44
Factory
Electricity
3
Monitoring point
Monitoring point
for cross check
1rsquo
Electricity meter2
1 Heavy oil inflow amount
2 Electricity usage
3 Product number
4 Standard weight
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt6gt
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
Record above stated on a
ledger every day and
conclude them at the end
of month
4 Weight per
article
Grasping by sampling No quality standard
regarding weight On the other
hand the standard on profound
of tube does exist measure
weight as first screening
Figure Monitoring structure
Monitoring Implementation Results
These are the results of the monitoring implemented in this project
Table Monitoring Implementation Results
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Production
volume
(t-Glassyr)
Option C company control
records
6834 9931
Fuel usage
(kLyr)
Option C company control
records
2362 1797
Head Quarter
Accounting Dept
Heavy oil
Manager
Electricity
Manager
Production
Manager
Shipping
Manager
Factory
Manager
Daily and monthly report
Monthly report
bull Data collection
bull Compile data for reporting
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile melting
volume of each
furnace
bull Compile shipping
data
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt7gt
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Power usage
(MWhyr)
Option C company control
records
0 8708
(iv) Calculation of GHG emissions (including reference and project emissions)
Calculation of Reference Emissions
EMRR = SEMBP POPJ
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
SEMBP Specific CO2 emission from the energy source before the project
[t-CO2 t-Glass]
POPJ Production volume of project activity in year y [t-Glassyear]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2 t-Glass Refer below calculation formula
POPJ 9931 t-Glassyear Production from September 2012 until August 2013
SEMBP = (EMBP_fuel EMBP_electricity) POBP
=
i
ifuelifuelBPifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELBP CFelectricity POBP
EMBP_fuel CO2 emission from the fossil fuel before the project [t-CO2y]
EMBP_electricity CO2 emission from the grid electricity before the project [t-CO2y]
POBP Production volume before the project [t-Glassyear]
FfueliBP Fossil fuel consumption before the project [1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel i [t-CGJ]
ELBP Grid electricity consumption before the project [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2t-Glass -
EMBP_fuel 18864 t-CO2y -
EMBP_electricity 0 t-CO2y -
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt8gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
POBP 6834 t-Glassy
Multiply average value for production volume from
January 2005 until August 2007 (5695
t-Glassmonth) and 12 month
FfueliBP 2220 kLy
Multiply average value for heavy oil consumption
from January 2005 until August 2007 (1850
t-FOmonth) and 12 month then divide by conversion
factor (094 Ralacorsquos operating value)
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
ELBP 0 MWhy No consumption before the project
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Project Emissions
EMPJ = EMPJ_fuel EMPJ_electricity
=
i
ifuelifuelPJifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELPJ CFelectricity
EMPJ Project CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_fuel Project CO2 emission from the fossil fuel in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_electricity Project CO2 emission from the grid electricity in year y [t-CO2y]
FfueliPJ Project consumption of fossil fuel source i in year y
[1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel source i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel source i [t-CGJ]
ELPJ Project consumption of the grid electricity in year y [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_fuel 5383 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_electricity 4709 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
FfueliPJ 1797 kLy Heavy oil consumption from September 2012
until August 2013
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt9gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
ELPJ 8708 MWhy Grid electricity consumption from September
2012 until August 2013
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Emission Reduction
ER = ( EMRR - EMPJ ) α
ER CO2 emission reduction in year y [t-CO2y]
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ Project CO2 emissions in year y [t-CO2y]
α Discount rate of emission reductions []
Provisional value 8
Below listed values are used in this project The emission reduction is computed as 354 t-CO2year
Parameter Value Unit Notes
ER 354 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y -
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y -
α 8 Default value (Provisional value)
(2) Development of JCM Project Design Document (PDD)
(i) Environmental Impact Assessment
The MONRE is in charge of Environmental Impact Assessments (hereinafter EIAs) in Viet
Nam Under the Law on Environmental Protection which was completely rewritten in 2005 the
authority to approve EIAs was relegated tomdashdepending on the projects characteristicsmdashthe
Vietnam Environment Association (VEA an organization under the MONRE) central government
ministries and agencies or local agencies
The list of projects requiring the drafting of an EIA report appears in Appendix 1 of the decree on
Detailing and Guiding the Implementation of a Number of Articles of the Law on Environmental
Protection (Decree 802006ND-CP) of August 9 2006 According to this an EIA does not have to
be performed when building a glass furnace
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt10gt
(ii) Consultation with Local Stakeholders
In Viet Nam matters such as environmental impacts accompanying project implementation are
generally left to the judgment of the Peoples Committee and public comments are rarely solicited
from employees or local residents For this project as well we told Ralaco several times to question
stakeholders about their opinions as in the past when we aspired to carry out CDM projects
Finally in addition to explaining the automatic fuel-air ratio control system to furnace operators
Ralaco gathered local residents for an information session No particularly negative comments were
raised at that time
In this study Furnace B had been equipped with an IFC automatic fuel-air ratio control system
that had already demonstrated results so the plant employees generally had a positive attitude about
saving furnace energy Employees commented that they also want to improve energy efficiency for
Furnace C which is slated for an upgrade in 2014 due to its currently extremely high basic units of
energy
(iii) Monitoring Plan
In cooperation with Ralaco we formed a Monitoring Plan for this project which we organized
into the Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring System Sheet
(iv) Calibration of Measuring Instruments
We confirmed that the fuel oil flow meters and electricity meters used in the furnaces as well as
the speed sensors used to calculate production volume are not calibrated This corresponds to all
Option C monitoring Since a margin of error of no more than plus or minus 5 is demanded by
JCM we need to stipulate recalibration for the monitoring system
(3) Project development and implementation
(i) Japanrsquos contribution
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass glass production volumemdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas continued to trend upward in
recent years as well With the greater production of liquid crystal products and other goods coupled
with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and renewed demand for
glass furnaces is forecast for the future as well
Japans glass furnaces have extremely high energy consumption efficiency due to technical
expertise accumulated over many years Therefore we can contribute to long-term reductions in
energy consumption as well as the popularization of and advancements in energy-saving technology
for the host country by transferring this sort of technology
Comparing performance and price with other countries technology it is thought that Japan will
compete with Chinese companies who have an advantage in price We confirmed that Ralaco too
has installed glass furnaces equipped with a Chinese-made automatic fuel-air ratio control system
When we inquired with them about initial costs they said Chinese products cost half as much as
Japanese ones and indicated that price or some other incentive would be needed in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt11gt
encourage them to install Japanese-made technology
Because of this it is thought that providing a certain percentage of funding such as equipment
subsidies or issuing credit under the JCM system will promote the project and make it valid
In addition Ralaco is proactive in its CSR as exemplified by its release of products with a small
environmental impact It is thought that expectations of a publication effect could also help promote
this project to such companies as a project that applied the JCM framework
(ii) Environmental integrity
This project attempts to raise combustion efficiency and lower fuel consumption by optimizing
the atmospheric ratio of existing melting furnaces Thus by implementing this project there is
thought to be little negative effect in environmental terms and there will be no more than limited
noise and such due to construction accompanying the installation of energy-saving systems As a
positive effect the project will attempt to lessen atmospheric pollution by reducing the usage of
fossil fuels
(iii) Sustainable development in host country
It is believed that demand for glass will continue to grow in the host country Therefore pushing
ahead with the installation of energy-saving glass furnaces can while leading to better efficiency in
energy consumption also help improve the level of energy-saving technology in the long-term thus
enabling a large contribution to the sustainable development of the host country
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt3gt
3 Study Contents
(1) JCM methodology development
(i) Eligibility criteria
Below listed is the eligibility criterion for the methodology proposal Ver30
Table The eligibility criterion for the methodology proposal Ver30
Criterion Content Purpose
Criterion 1 All of core technologies and two or more
of the following other technologies are
introduced in implementing the project
- Core technologies Automatic fuel-air
ratio control system Furnace pressure
control system Glass level control
system
- Other technologies Tertiary air inflow
prevention burner Cullet preheating
system Electric boosting system Rapid
heating system Plant engineering (design
supervise of construction maintenance)
by companies with high technologies
After field study it turned out that the
diffusion of automatic fuel-air ratio
control system in Vietnam is above a
certain ratio that reference scenario is
set as it is introduced
Furnace pressure control system is
essential for automatic fuel-air ratio
control system being adequately
functional and glass level control
system is highly influential for yield
of product that it is essential for glass
manufacturing as a core technology
After field study other technologies
turned out to be hardly introduced in
Vietnam so far that meeting this
requirement automatically proves
technical additionality
Criterion 2 The applicable furnace include
manufacturing of glass products
To set target industry
Criterion 3 No drastic changes are made in
manufacturing process and products
before the project implementation and
after the project period
To exclude the possibility of
energy-efficiency-activity-unrelated
fluctuation of energy consumption
original unit in case there is a change
for manufacturing method and
product
Criterion 4 Fossil fuel and grid electricity
consumptions including production of
products are measureable one (1) year
before and after the project
implementation
The data of energy consumption and
production volume in the past and of
production volume during project are
required in order to calculate energy
consumption original unit for
reference
The data of fossil fuel and electricity
consumption is required in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt4gt
Criterion Content Purpose
calculate project emission
(ii) Data and parameters fixed ex ante
For reference emissions energy consumption per unit of production volume (A) is fixed
according to ex ante parameters while the GHG emissions coefficient of fossil fuels (B) the GHG
emissions coefficient of grid power (C) and the rate of emissions reduction (D) are set to default
values
(A) is a calculation of basic units of energy consumption (basic units) from energy consumption
data and production volume data of the relevant Ralaco furnaces prior to project implementation
The result of a calculation utilizing data from January 2005 to August 2007 (prior to energy-saving
furnace installation) is a basic unit of 3326 kg of fuel oil per ton of glass
For (B) the IPCCs default values which are thought to be reliable were applied
For (C) the latest combined margin figure (05408 t-CO2MWh) the Vietnamese Ministry of
Natural Resources (MONRE) put together in 2011 was applied
For (D) details are given below in the calculation of emissions reductions but the GHG
reduction results differ due to a disparity between the technical products and services to fulfill
Eligibility Criteria 1 and the atmospheric ratio control systems whose popularization is currently
permitted in Viet Nam beyond a certain ratio and we are considering assessing the capacity
utilization of the automatic atmospheric ratio control system that will be the core technology
(iii) Result of actual monitoring
Below are the Monitoring Plan and Monitoring Implementation Results at the demonstration
plant These were compiled into the PDD and pre-validated by the Japan Quality Assurance
Organization
Monitoring Plan
The monitoring points monitoring parameters and monitoring system were configured and
constructed as follows and verified
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt5gt
Figure Monitoring points
Table Monitoring parameter
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
1 Heavy Oil
Inflow amount
Record values of flow
meter (L) of each furnace
on a ledger every day and
compare them with
receipts at the end of
month
Adjust the inflow amount by
dividing the disparity between
tank and the integrated value of
flow meter with activity ratio of
each furnace
2 Electricity Usage Record integrating
wattmeter of each furnace
every day and compare
them with bills at the end
of month
Integrating wattmeter of each
furnace would be checked by
EVN at the end of month and
bills would be issued
Electricity usage in forming step
not included
3 Production
Volume (Melting
amount base)
Fluorescent Light
Production speed (length
per minute) working
hours standard weight
Electric Light Bulb
Production speed (numbers
per minute) working
hours standard weight
Refer monitoring parameter 4
regarding the standard weight
Warehouse
Furnace
Tank
1
Beer
Product3rsquo
Heavy oil
Forming
bill
Flow meter
X g-GlassY g-Glass
44
Factory
Electricity
3
Monitoring point
Monitoring point
for cross check
1rsquo
Electricity meter2
1 Heavy oil inflow amount
2 Electricity usage
3 Product number
4 Standard weight
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt6gt
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
Record above stated on a
ledger every day and
conclude them at the end
of month
4 Weight per
article
Grasping by sampling No quality standard
regarding weight On the other
hand the standard on profound
of tube does exist measure
weight as first screening
Figure Monitoring structure
Monitoring Implementation Results
These are the results of the monitoring implemented in this project
Table Monitoring Implementation Results
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Production
volume
(t-Glassyr)
Option C company control
records
6834 9931
Fuel usage
(kLyr)
Option C company control
records
2362 1797
Head Quarter
Accounting Dept
Heavy oil
Manager
Electricity
Manager
Production
Manager
Shipping
Manager
Factory
Manager
Daily and monthly report
Monthly report
bull Data collection
bull Compile data for reporting
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile melting
volume of each
furnace
bull Compile shipping
data
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt7gt
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Power usage
(MWhyr)
Option C company control
records
0 8708
(iv) Calculation of GHG emissions (including reference and project emissions)
Calculation of Reference Emissions
EMRR = SEMBP POPJ
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
SEMBP Specific CO2 emission from the energy source before the project
[t-CO2 t-Glass]
POPJ Production volume of project activity in year y [t-Glassyear]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2 t-Glass Refer below calculation formula
POPJ 9931 t-Glassyear Production from September 2012 until August 2013
SEMBP = (EMBP_fuel EMBP_electricity) POBP
=
i
ifuelifuelBPifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELBP CFelectricity POBP
EMBP_fuel CO2 emission from the fossil fuel before the project [t-CO2y]
EMBP_electricity CO2 emission from the grid electricity before the project [t-CO2y]
POBP Production volume before the project [t-Glassyear]
FfueliBP Fossil fuel consumption before the project [1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel i [t-CGJ]
ELBP Grid electricity consumption before the project [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2t-Glass -
EMBP_fuel 18864 t-CO2y -
EMBP_electricity 0 t-CO2y -
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt8gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
POBP 6834 t-Glassy
Multiply average value for production volume from
January 2005 until August 2007 (5695
t-Glassmonth) and 12 month
FfueliBP 2220 kLy
Multiply average value for heavy oil consumption
from January 2005 until August 2007 (1850
t-FOmonth) and 12 month then divide by conversion
factor (094 Ralacorsquos operating value)
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
ELBP 0 MWhy No consumption before the project
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Project Emissions
EMPJ = EMPJ_fuel EMPJ_electricity
=
i
ifuelifuelPJifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELPJ CFelectricity
EMPJ Project CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_fuel Project CO2 emission from the fossil fuel in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_electricity Project CO2 emission from the grid electricity in year y [t-CO2y]
FfueliPJ Project consumption of fossil fuel source i in year y
[1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel source i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel source i [t-CGJ]
ELPJ Project consumption of the grid electricity in year y [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_fuel 5383 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_electricity 4709 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
FfueliPJ 1797 kLy Heavy oil consumption from September 2012
until August 2013
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt9gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
ELPJ 8708 MWhy Grid electricity consumption from September
2012 until August 2013
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Emission Reduction
ER = ( EMRR - EMPJ ) α
ER CO2 emission reduction in year y [t-CO2y]
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ Project CO2 emissions in year y [t-CO2y]
α Discount rate of emission reductions []
Provisional value 8
Below listed values are used in this project The emission reduction is computed as 354 t-CO2year
Parameter Value Unit Notes
ER 354 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y -
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y -
α 8 Default value (Provisional value)
(2) Development of JCM Project Design Document (PDD)
(i) Environmental Impact Assessment
The MONRE is in charge of Environmental Impact Assessments (hereinafter EIAs) in Viet
Nam Under the Law on Environmental Protection which was completely rewritten in 2005 the
authority to approve EIAs was relegated tomdashdepending on the projects characteristicsmdashthe
Vietnam Environment Association (VEA an organization under the MONRE) central government
ministries and agencies or local agencies
The list of projects requiring the drafting of an EIA report appears in Appendix 1 of the decree on
Detailing and Guiding the Implementation of a Number of Articles of the Law on Environmental
Protection (Decree 802006ND-CP) of August 9 2006 According to this an EIA does not have to
be performed when building a glass furnace
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt10gt
(ii) Consultation with Local Stakeholders
In Viet Nam matters such as environmental impacts accompanying project implementation are
generally left to the judgment of the Peoples Committee and public comments are rarely solicited
from employees or local residents For this project as well we told Ralaco several times to question
stakeholders about their opinions as in the past when we aspired to carry out CDM projects
Finally in addition to explaining the automatic fuel-air ratio control system to furnace operators
Ralaco gathered local residents for an information session No particularly negative comments were
raised at that time
In this study Furnace B had been equipped with an IFC automatic fuel-air ratio control system
that had already demonstrated results so the plant employees generally had a positive attitude about
saving furnace energy Employees commented that they also want to improve energy efficiency for
Furnace C which is slated for an upgrade in 2014 due to its currently extremely high basic units of
energy
(iii) Monitoring Plan
In cooperation with Ralaco we formed a Monitoring Plan for this project which we organized
into the Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring System Sheet
(iv) Calibration of Measuring Instruments
We confirmed that the fuel oil flow meters and electricity meters used in the furnaces as well as
the speed sensors used to calculate production volume are not calibrated This corresponds to all
Option C monitoring Since a margin of error of no more than plus or minus 5 is demanded by
JCM we need to stipulate recalibration for the monitoring system
(3) Project development and implementation
(i) Japanrsquos contribution
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass glass production volumemdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas continued to trend upward in
recent years as well With the greater production of liquid crystal products and other goods coupled
with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and renewed demand for
glass furnaces is forecast for the future as well
Japans glass furnaces have extremely high energy consumption efficiency due to technical
expertise accumulated over many years Therefore we can contribute to long-term reductions in
energy consumption as well as the popularization of and advancements in energy-saving technology
for the host country by transferring this sort of technology
Comparing performance and price with other countries technology it is thought that Japan will
compete with Chinese companies who have an advantage in price We confirmed that Ralaco too
has installed glass furnaces equipped with a Chinese-made automatic fuel-air ratio control system
When we inquired with them about initial costs they said Chinese products cost half as much as
Japanese ones and indicated that price or some other incentive would be needed in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt11gt
encourage them to install Japanese-made technology
Because of this it is thought that providing a certain percentage of funding such as equipment
subsidies or issuing credit under the JCM system will promote the project and make it valid
In addition Ralaco is proactive in its CSR as exemplified by its release of products with a small
environmental impact It is thought that expectations of a publication effect could also help promote
this project to such companies as a project that applied the JCM framework
(ii) Environmental integrity
This project attempts to raise combustion efficiency and lower fuel consumption by optimizing
the atmospheric ratio of existing melting furnaces Thus by implementing this project there is
thought to be little negative effect in environmental terms and there will be no more than limited
noise and such due to construction accompanying the installation of energy-saving systems As a
positive effect the project will attempt to lessen atmospheric pollution by reducing the usage of
fossil fuels
(iii) Sustainable development in host country
It is believed that demand for glass will continue to grow in the host country Therefore pushing
ahead with the installation of energy-saving glass furnaces can while leading to better efficiency in
energy consumption also help improve the level of energy-saving technology in the long-term thus
enabling a large contribution to the sustainable development of the host country
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt4gt
Criterion Content Purpose
calculate project emission
(ii) Data and parameters fixed ex ante
For reference emissions energy consumption per unit of production volume (A) is fixed
according to ex ante parameters while the GHG emissions coefficient of fossil fuels (B) the GHG
emissions coefficient of grid power (C) and the rate of emissions reduction (D) are set to default
values
(A) is a calculation of basic units of energy consumption (basic units) from energy consumption
data and production volume data of the relevant Ralaco furnaces prior to project implementation
The result of a calculation utilizing data from January 2005 to August 2007 (prior to energy-saving
furnace installation) is a basic unit of 3326 kg of fuel oil per ton of glass
For (B) the IPCCs default values which are thought to be reliable were applied
For (C) the latest combined margin figure (05408 t-CO2MWh) the Vietnamese Ministry of
Natural Resources (MONRE) put together in 2011 was applied
For (D) details are given below in the calculation of emissions reductions but the GHG
reduction results differ due to a disparity between the technical products and services to fulfill
Eligibility Criteria 1 and the atmospheric ratio control systems whose popularization is currently
permitted in Viet Nam beyond a certain ratio and we are considering assessing the capacity
utilization of the automatic atmospheric ratio control system that will be the core technology
(iii) Result of actual monitoring
Below are the Monitoring Plan and Monitoring Implementation Results at the demonstration
plant These were compiled into the PDD and pre-validated by the Japan Quality Assurance
Organization
Monitoring Plan
The monitoring points monitoring parameters and monitoring system were configured and
constructed as follows and verified
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt5gt
Figure Monitoring points
Table Monitoring parameter
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
1 Heavy Oil
Inflow amount
Record values of flow
meter (L) of each furnace
on a ledger every day and
compare them with
receipts at the end of
month
Adjust the inflow amount by
dividing the disparity between
tank and the integrated value of
flow meter with activity ratio of
each furnace
2 Electricity Usage Record integrating
wattmeter of each furnace
every day and compare
them with bills at the end
of month
Integrating wattmeter of each
furnace would be checked by
EVN at the end of month and
bills would be issued
Electricity usage in forming step
not included
3 Production
Volume (Melting
amount base)
Fluorescent Light
Production speed (length
per minute) working
hours standard weight
Electric Light Bulb
Production speed (numbers
per minute) working
hours standard weight
Refer monitoring parameter 4
regarding the standard weight
Warehouse
Furnace
Tank
1
Beer
Product3rsquo
Heavy oil
Forming
bill
Flow meter
X g-GlassY g-Glass
44
Factory
Electricity
3
Monitoring point
Monitoring point
for cross check
1rsquo
Electricity meter2
1 Heavy oil inflow amount
2 Electricity usage
3 Product number
4 Standard weight
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt6gt
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
Record above stated on a
ledger every day and
conclude them at the end
of month
4 Weight per
article
Grasping by sampling No quality standard
regarding weight On the other
hand the standard on profound
of tube does exist measure
weight as first screening
Figure Monitoring structure
Monitoring Implementation Results
These are the results of the monitoring implemented in this project
Table Monitoring Implementation Results
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Production
volume
(t-Glassyr)
Option C company control
records
6834 9931
Fuel usage
(kLyr)
Option C company control
records
2362 1797
Head Quarter
Accounting Dept
Heavy oil
Manager
Electricity
Manager
Production
Manager
Shipping
Manager
Factory
Manager
Daily and monthly report
Monthly report
bull Data collection
bull Compile data for reporting
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile melting
volume of each
furnace
bull Compile shipping
data
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt7gt
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Power usage
(MWhyr)
Option C company control
records
0 8708
(iv) Calculation of GHG emissions (including reference and project emissions)
Calculation of Reference Emissions
EMRR = SEMBP POPJ
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
SEMBP Specific CO2 emission from the energy source before the project
[t-CO2 t-Glass]
POPJ Production volume of project activity in year y [t-Glassyear]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2 t-Glass Refer below calculation formula
POPJ 9931 t-Glassyear Production from September 2012 until August 2013
SEMBP = (EMBP_fuel EMBP_electricity) POBP
=
i
ifuelifuelBPifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELBP CFelectricity POBP
EMBP_fuel CO2 emission from the fossil fuel before the project [t-CO2y]
EMBP_electricity CO2 emission from the grid electricity before the project [t-CO2y]
POBP Production volume before the project [t-Glassyear]
FfueliBP Fossil fuel consumption before the project [1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel i [t-CGJ]
ELBP Grid electricity consumption before the project [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2t-Glass -
EMBP_fuel 18864 t-CO2y -
EMBP_electricity 0 t-CO2y -
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt8gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
POBP 6834 t-Glassy
Multiply average value for production volume from
January 2005 until August 2007 (5695
t-Glassmonth) and 12 month
FfueliBP 2220 kLy
Multiply average value for heavy oil consumption
from January 2005 until August 2007 (1850
t-FOmonth) and 12 month then divide by conversion
factor (094 Ralacorsquos operating value)
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
ELBP 0 MWhy No consumption before the project
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Project Emissions
EMPJ = EMPJ_fuel EMPJ_electricity
=
i
ifuelifuelPJifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELPJ CFelectricity
EMPJ Project CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_fuel Project CO2 emission from the fossil fuel in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_electricity Project CO2 emission from the grid electricity in year y [t-CO2y]
FfueliPJ Project consumption of fossil fuel source i in year y
[1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel source i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel source i [t-CGJ]
ELPJ Project consumption of the grid electricity in year y [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_fuel 5383 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_electricity 4709 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
FfueliPJ 1797 kLy Heavy oil consumption from September 2012
until August 2013
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt9gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
ELPJ 8708 MWhy Grid electricity consumption from September
2012 until August 2013
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Emission Reduction
ER = ( EMRR - EMPJ ) α
ER CO2 emission reduction in year y [t-CO2y]
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ Project CO2 emissions in year y [t-CO2y]
α Discount rate of emission reductions []
Provisional value 8
Below listed values are used in this project The emission reduction is computed as 354 t-CO2year
Parameter Value Unit Notes
ER 354 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y -
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y -
α 8 Default value (Provisional value)
(2) Development of JCM Project Design Document (PDD)
(i) Environmental Impact Assessment
The MONRE is in charge of Environmental Impact Assessments (hereinafter EIAs) in Viet
Nam Under the Law on Environmental Protection which was completely rewritten in 2005 the
authority to approve EIAs was relegated tomdashdepending on the projects characteristicsmdashthe
Vietnam Environment Association (VEA an organization under the MONRE) central government
ministries and agencies or local agencies
The list of projects requiring the drafting of an EIA report appears in Appendix 1 of the decree on
Detailing and Guiding the Implementation of a Number of Articles of the Law on Environmental
Protection (Decree 802006ND-CP) of August 9 2006 According to this an EIA does not have to
be performed when building a glass furnace
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt10gt
(ii) Consultation with Local Stakeholders
In Viet Nam matters such as environmental impacts accompanying project implementation are
generally left to the judgment of the Peoples Committee and public comments are rarely solicited
from employees or local residents For this project as well we told Ralaco several times to question
stakeholders about their opinions as in the past when we aspired to carry out CDM projects
Finally in addition to explaining the automatic fuel-air ratio control system to furnace operators
Ralaco gathered local residents for an information session No particularly negative comments were
raised at that time
In this study Furnace B had been equipped with an IFC automatic fuel-air ratio control system
that had already demonstrated results so the plant employees generally had a positive attitude about
saving furnace energy Employees commented that they also want to improve energy efficiency for
Furnace C which is slated for an upgrade in 2014 due to its currently extremely high basic units of
energy
(iii) Monitoring Plan
In cooperation with Ralaco we formed a Monitoring Plan for this project which we organized
into the Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring System Sheet
(iv) Calibration of Measuring Instruments
We confirmed that the fuel oil flow meters and electricity meters used in the furnaces as well as
the speed sensors used to calculate production volume are not calibrated This corresponds to all
Option C monitoring Since a margin of error of no more than plus or minus 5 is demanded by
JCM we need to stipulate recalibration for the monitoring system
(3) Project development and implementation
(i) Japanrsquos contribution
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass glass production volumemdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas continued to trend upward in
recent years as well With the greater production of liquid crystal products and other goods coupled
with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and renewed demand for
glass furnaces is forecast for the future as well
Japans glass furnaces have extremely high energy consumption efficiency due to technical
expertise accumulated over many years Therefore we can contribute to long-term reductions in
energy consumption as well as the popularization of and advancements in energy-saving technology
for the host country by transferring this sort of technology
Comparing performance and price with other countries technology it is thought that Japan will
compete with Chinese companies who have an advantage in price We confirmed that Ralaco too
has installed glass furnaces equipped with a Chinese-made automatic fuel-air ratio control system
When we inquired with them about initial costs they said Chinese products cost half as much as
Japanese ones and indicated that price or some other incentive would be needed in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt11gt
encourage them to install Japanese-made technology
Because of this it is thought that providing a certain percentage of funding such as equipment
subsidies or issuing credit under the JCM system will promote the project and make it valid
In addition Ralaco is proactive in its CSR as exemplified by its release of products with a small
environmental impact It is thought that expectations of a publication effect could also help promote
this project to such companies as a project that applied the JCM framework
(ii) Environmental integrity
This project attempts to raise combustion efficiency and lower fuel consumption by optimizing
the atmospheric ratio of existing melting furnaces Thus by implementing this project there is
thought to be little negative effect in environmental terms and there will be no more than limited
noise and such due to construction accompanying the installation of energy-saving systems As a
positive effect the project will attempt to lessen atmospheric pollution by reducing the usage of
fossil fuels
(iii) Sustainable development in host country
It is believed that demand for glass will continue to grow in the host country Therefore pushing
ahead with the installation of energy-saving glass furnaces can while leading to better efficiency in
energy consumption also help improve the level of energy-saving technology in the long-term thus
enabling a large contribution to the sustainable development of the host country
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt5gt
Figure Monitoring points
Table Monitoring parameter
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
1 Heavy Oil
Inflow amount
Record values of flow
meter (L) of each furnace
on a ledger every day and
compare them with
receipts at the end of
month
Adjust the inflow amount by
dividing the disparity between
tank and the integrated value of
flow meter with activity ratio of
each furnace
2 Electricity Usage Record integrating
wattmeter of each furnace
every day and compare
them with bills at the end
of month
Integrating wattmeter of each
furnace would be checked by
EVN at the end of month and
bills would be issued
Electricity usage in forming step
not included
3 Production
Volume (Melting
amount base)
Fluorescent Light
Production speed (length
per minute) working
hours standard weight
Electric Light Bulb
Production speed (numbers
per minute) working
hours standard weight
Refer monitoring parameter 4
regarding the standard weight
Warehouse
Furnace
Tank
1
Beer
Product3rsquo
Heavy oil
Forming
bill
Flow meter
X g-GlassY g-Glass
44
Factory
Electricity
3
Monitoring point
Monitoring point
for cross check
1rsquo
Electricity meter2
1 Heavy oil inflow amount
2 Electricity usage
3 Product number
4 Standard weight
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt6gt
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
Record above stated on a
ledger every day and
conclude them at the end
of month
4 Weight per
article
Grasping by sampling No quality standard
regarding weight On the other
hand the standard on profound
of tube does exist measure
weight as first screening
Figure Monitoring structure
Monitoring Implementation Results
These are the results of the monitoring implemented in this project
Table Monitoring Implementation Results
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Production
volume
(t-Glassyr)
Option C company control
records
6834 9931
Fuel usage
(kLyr)
Option C company control
records
2362 1797
Head Quarter
Accounting Dept
Heavy oil
Manager
Electricity
Manager
Production
Manager
Shipping
Manager
Factory
Manager
Daily and monthly report
Monthly report
bull Data collection
bull Compile data for reporting
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile melting
volume of each
furnace
bull Compile shipping
data
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt7gt
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Power usage
(MWhyr)
Option C company control
records
0 8708
(iv) Calculation of GHG emissions (including reference and project emissions)
Calculation of Reference Emissions
EMRR = SEMBP POPJ
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
SEMBP Specific CO2 emission from the energy source before the project
[t-CO2 t-Glass]
POPJ Production volume of project activity in year y [t-Glassyear]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2 t-Glass Refer below calculation formula
POPJ 9931 t-Glassyear Production from September 2012 until August 2013
SEMBP = (EMBP_fuel EMBP_electricity) POBP
=
i
ifuelifuelBPifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELBP CFelectricity POBP
EMBP_fuel CO2 emission from the fossil fuel before the project [t-CO2y]
EMBP_electricity CO2 emission from the grid electricity before the project [t-CO2y]
POBP Production volume before the project [t-Glassyear]
FfueliBP Fossil fuel consumption before the project [1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel i [t-CGJ]
ELBP Grid electricity consumption before the project [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2t-Glass -
EMBP_fuel 18864 t-CO2y -
EMBP_electricity 0 t-CO2y -
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt8gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
POBP 6834 t-Glassy
Multiply average value for production volume from
January 2005 until August 2007 (5695
t-Glassmonth) and 12 month
FfueliBP 2220 kLy
Multiply average value for heavy oil consumption
from January 2005 until August 2007 (1850
t-FOmonth) and 12 month then divide by conversion
factor (094 Ralacorsquos operating value)
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
ELBP 0 MWhy No consumption before the project
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Project Emissions
EMPJ = EMPJ_fuel EMPJ_electricity
=
i
ifuelifuelPJifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELPJ CFelectricity
EMPJ Project CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_fuel Project CO2 emission from the fossil fuel in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_electricity Project CO2 emission from the grid electricity in year y [t-CO2y]
FfueliPJ Project consumption of fossil fuel source i in year y
[1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel source i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel source i [t-CGJ]
ELPJ Project consumption of the grid electricity in year y [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_fuel 5383 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_electricity 4709 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
FfueliPJ 1797 kLy Heavy oil consumption from September 2012
until August 2013
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt9gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
ELPJ 8708 MWhy Grid electricity consumption from September
2012 until August 2013
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Emission Reduction
ER = ( EMRR - EMPJ ) α
ER CO2 emission reduction in year y [t-CO2y]
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ Project CO2 emissions in year y [t-CO2y]
α Discount rate of emission reductions []
Provisional value 8
Below listed values are used in this project The emission reduction is computed as 354 t-CO2year
Parameter Value Unit Notes
ER 354 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y -
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y -
α 8 Default value (Provisional value)
(2) Development of JCM Project Design Document (PDD)
(i) Environmental Impact Assessment
The MONRE is in charge of Environmental Impact Assessments (hereinafter EIAs) in Viet
Nam Under the Law on Environmental Protection which was completely rewritten in 2005 the
authority to approve EIAs was relegated tomdashdepending on the projects characteristicsmdashthe
Vietnam Environment Association (VEA an organization under the MONRE) central government
ministries and agencies or local agencies
The list of projects requiring the drafting of an EIA report appears in Appendix 1 of the decree on
Detailing and Guiding the Implementation of a Number of Articles of the Law on Environmental
Protection (Decree 802006ND-CP) of August 9 2006 According to this an EIA does not have to
be performed when building a glass furnace
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt10gt
(ii) Consultation with Local Stakeholders
In Viet Nam matters such as environmental impacts accompanying project implementation are
generally left to the judgment of the Peoples Committee and public comments are rarely solicited
from employees or local residents For this project as well we told Ralaco several times to question
stakeholders about their opinions as in the past when we aspired to carry out CDM projects
Finally in addition to explaining the automatic fuel-air ratio control system to furnace operators
Ralaco gathered local residents for an information session No particularly negative comments were
raised at that time
In this study Furnace B had been equipped with an IFC automatic fuel-air ratio control system
that had already demonstrated results so the plant employees generally had a positive attitude about
saving furnace energy Employees commented that they also want to improve energy efficiency for
Furnace C which is slated for an upgrade in 2014 due to its currently extremely high basic units of
energy
(iii) Monitoring Plan
In cooperation with Ralaco we formed a Monitoring Plan for this project which we organized
into the Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring System Sheet
(iv) Calibration of Measuring Instruments
We confirmed that the fuel oil flow meters and electricity meters used in the furnaces as well as
the speed sensors used to calculate production volume are not calibrated This corresponds to all
Option C monitoring Since a margin of error of no more than plus or minus 5 is demanded by
JCM we need to stipulate recalibration for the monitoring system
(3) Project development and implementation
(i) Japanrsquos contribution
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass glass production volumemdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas continued to trend upward in
recent years as well With the greater production of liquid crystal products and other goods coupled
with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and renewed demand for
glass furnaces is forecast for the future as well
Japans glass furnaces have extremely high energy consumption efficiency due to technical
expertise accumulated over many years Therefore we can contribute to long-term reductions in
energy consumption as well as the popularization of and advancements in energy-saving technology
for the host country by transferring this sort of technology
Comparing performance and price with other countries technology it is thought that Japan will
compete with Chinese companies who have an advantage in price We confirmed that Ralaco too
has installed glass furnaces equipped with a Chinese-made automatic fuel-air ratio control system
When we inquired with them about initial costs they said Chinese products cost half as much as
Japanese ones and indicated that price or some other incentive would be needed in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt11gt
encourage them to install Japanese-made technology
Because of this it is thought that providing a certain percentage of funding such as equipment
subsidies or issuing credit under the JCM system will promote the project and make it valid
In addition Ralaco is proactive in its CSR as exemplified by its release of products with a small
environmental impact It is thought that expectations of a publication effect could also help promote
this project to such companies as a project that applied the JCM framework
(ii) Environmental integrity
This project attempts to raise combustion efficiency and lower fuel consumption by optimizing
the atmospheric ratio of existing melting furnaces Thus by implementing this project there is
thought to be little negative effect in environmental terms and there will be no more than limited
noise and such due to construction accompanying the installation of energy-saving systems As a
positive effect the project will attempt to lessen atmospheric pollution by reducing the usage of
fossil fuels
(iii) Sustainable development in host country
It is believed that demand for glass will continue to grow in the host country Therefore pushing
ahead with the installation of energy-saving glass furnaces can while leading to better efficiency in
energy consumption also help improve the level of energy-saving technology in the long-term thus
enabling a large contribution to the sustainable development of the host country
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt6gt
Parameter Description Frequency and media for
monitoring Notes
Record above stated on a
ledger every day and
conclude them at the end
of month
4 Weight per
article
Grasping by sampling No quality standard
regarding weight On the other
hand the standard on profound
of tube does exist measure
weight as first screening
Figure Monitoring structure
Monitoring Implementation Results
These are the results of the monitoring implemented in this project
Table Monitoring Implementation Results
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Production
volume
(t-Glassyr)
Option C company control
records
6834 9931
Fuel usage
(kLyr)
Option C company control
records
2362 1797
Head Quarter
Accounting Dept
Heavy oil
Manager
Electricity
Manager
Production
Manager
Shipping
Manager
Factory
Manager
Daily and monthly report
Monthly report
bull Data collection
bull Compile data for reporting
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile
consumption data
of each furnace
bull Compile melting
volume of each
furnace
bull Compile shipping
data
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt7gt
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Power usage
(MWhyr)
Option C company control
records
0 8708
(iv) Calculation of GHG emissions (including reference and project emissions)
Calculation of Reference Emissions
EMRR = SEMBP POPJ
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
SEMBP Specific CO2 emission from the energy source before the project
[t-CO2 t-Glass]
POPJ Production volume of project activity in year y [t-Glassyear]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2 t-Glass Refer below calculation formula
POPJ 9931 t-Glassyear Production from September 2012 until August 2013
SEMBP = (EMBP_fuel EMBP_electricity) POBP
=
i
ifuelifuelBPifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELBP CFelectricity POBP
EMBP_fuel CO2 emission from the fossil fuel before the project [t-CO2y]
EMBP_electricity CO2 emission from the grid electricity before the project [t-CO2y]
POBP Production volume before the project [t-Glassyear]
FfueliBP Fossil fuel consumption before the project [1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel i [t-CGJ]
ELBP Grid electricity consumption before the project [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2t-Glass -
EMBP_fuel 18864 t-CO2y -
EMBP_electricity 0 t-CO2y -
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt8gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
POBP 6834 t-Glassy
Multiply average value for production volume from
January 2005 until August 2007 (5695
t-Glassmonth) and 12 month
FfueliBP 2220 kLy
Multiply average value for heavy oil consumption
from January 2005 until August 2007 (1850
t-FOmonth) and 12 month then divide by conversion
factor (094 Ralacorsquos operating value)
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
ELBP 0 MWhy No consumption before the project
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Project Emissions
EMPJ = EMPJ_fuel EMPJ_electricity
=
i
ifuelifuelPJifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELPJ CFelectricity
EMPJ Project CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_fuel Project CO2 emission from the fossil fuel in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_electricity Project CO2 emission from the grid electricity in year y [t-CO2y]
FfueliPJ Project consumption of fossil fuel source i in year y
[1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel source i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel source i [t-CGJ]
ELPJ Project consumption of the grid electricity in year y [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_fuel 5383 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_electricity 4709 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
FfueliPJ 1797 kLy Heavy oil consumption from September 2012
until August 2013
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt9gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
ELPJ 8708 MWhy Grid electricity consumption from September
2012 until August 2013
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Emission Reduction
ER = ( EMRR - EMPJ ) α
ER CO2 emission reduction in year y [t-CO2y]
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ Project CO2 emissions in year y [t-CO2y]
α Discount rate of emission reductions []
Provisional value 8
Below listed values are used in this project The emission reduction is computed as 354 t-CO2year
Parameter Value Unit Notes
ER 354 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y -
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y -
α 8 Default value (Provisional value)
(2) Development of JCM Project Design Document (PDD)
(i) Environmental Impact Assessment
The MONRE is in charge of Environmental Impact Assessments (hereinafter EIAs) in Viet
Nam Under the Law on Environmental Protection which was completely rewritten in 2005 the
authority to approve EIAs was relegated tomdashdepending on the projects characteristicsmdashthe
Vietnam Environment Association (VEA an organization under the MONRE) central government
ministries and agencies or local agencies
The list of projects requiring the drafting of an EIA report appears in Appendix 1 of the decree on
Detailing and Guiding the Implementation of a Number of Articles of the Law on Environmental
Protection (Decree 802006ND-CP) of August 9 2006 According to this an EIA does not have to
be performed when building a glass furnace
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt10gt
(ii) Consultation with Local Stakeholders
In Viet Nam matters such as environmental impacts accompanying project implementation are
generally left to the judgment of the Peoples Committee and public comments are rarely solicited
from employees or local residents For this project as well we told Ralaco several times to question
stakeholders about their opinions as in the past when we aspired to carry out CDM projects
Finally in addition to explaining the automatic fuel-air ratio control system to furnace operators
Ralaco gathered local residents for an information session No particularly negative comments were
raised at that time
In this study Furnace B had been equipped with an IFC automatic fuel-air ratio control system
that had already demonstrated results so the plant employees generally had a positive attitude about
saving furnace energy Employees commented that they also want to improve energy efficiency for
Furnace C which is slated for an upgrade in 2014 due to its currently extremely high basic units of
energy
(iii) Monitoring Plan
In cooperation with Ralaco we formed a Monitoring Plan for this project which we organized
into the Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring System Sheet
(iv) Calibration of Measuring Instruments
We confirmed that the fuel oil flow meters and electricity meters used in the furnaces as well as
the speed sensors used to calculate production volume are not calibrated This corresponds to all
Option C monitoring Since a margin of error of no more than plus or minus 5 is demanded by
JCM we need to stipulate recalibration for the monitoring system
(3) Project development and implementation
(i) Japanrsquos contribution
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass glass production volumemdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas continued to trend upward in
recent years as well With the greater production of liquid crystal products and other goods coupled
with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and renewed demand for
glass furnaces is forecast for the future as well
Japans glass furnaces have extremely high energy consumption efficiency due to technical
expertise accumulated over many years Therefore we can contribute to long-term reductions in
energy consumption as well as the popularization of and advancements in energy-saving technology
for the host country by transferring this sort of technology
Comparing performance and price with other countries technology it is thought that Japan will
compete with Chinese companies who have an advantage in price We confirmed that Ralaco too
has installed glass furnaces equipped with a Chinese-made automatic fuel-air ratio control system
When we inquired with them about initial costs they said Chinese products cost half as much as
Japanese ones and indicated that price or some other incentive would be needed in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt11gt
encourage them to install Japanese-made technology
Because of this it is thought that providing a certain percentage of funding such as equipment
subsidies or issuing credit under the JCM system will promote the project and make it valid
In addition Ralaco is proactive in its CSR as exemplified by its release of products with a small
environmental impact It is thought that expectations of a publication effect could also help promote
this project to such companies as a project that applied the JCM framework
(ii) Environmental integrity
This project attempts to raise combustion efficiency and lower fuel consumption by optimizing
the atmospheric ratio of existing melting furnaces Thus by implementing this project there is
thought to be little negative effect in environmental terms and there will be no more than limited
noise and such due to construction accompanying the installation of energy-saving systems As a
positive effect the project will attempt to lessen atmospheric pollution by reducing the usage of
fossil fuels
(iii) Sustainable development in host country
It is believed that demand for glass will continue to grow in the host country Therefore pushing
ahead with the installation of energy-saving glass furnaces can while leading to better efficiency in
energy consumption also help improve the level of energy-saving technology in the long-term thus
enabling a large contribution to the sustainable development of the host country
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt7gt
Parameter (Unit) Monitoring
Option Original Data
Values
Reference Project
Power usage
(MWhyr)
Option C company control
records
0 8708
(iv) Calculation of GHG emissions (including reference and project emissions)
Calculation of Reference Emissions
EMRR = SEMBP POPJ
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
SEMBP Specific CO2 emission from the energy source before the project
[t-CO2 t-Glass]
POPJ Production volume of project activity in year y [t-Glassyear]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2 t-Glass Refer below calculation formula
POPJ 9931 t-Glassyear Production from September 2012 until August 2013
SEMBP = (EMBP_fuel EMBP_electricity) POBP
=
i
ifuelifuelBPifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELBP CFelectricity POBP
EMBP_fuel CO2 emission from the fossil fuel before the project [t-CO2y]
EMBP_electricity CO2 emission from the grid electricity before the project [t-CO2y]
POBP Production volume before the project [t-Glassyear]
FfueliBP Fossil fuel consumption before the project [1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel i [t-CGJ]
ELBP Grid electricity consumption before the project [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
SEMBP 1035 t-CO2t-Glass -
EMBP_fuel 18864 t-CO2y -
EMBP_electricity 0 t-CO2y -
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt8gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
POBP 6834 t-Glassy
Multiply average value for production volume from
January 2005 until August 2007 (5695
t-Glassmonth) and 12 month
FfueliBP 2220 kLy
Multiply average value for heavy oil consumption
from January 2005 until August 2007 (1850
t-FOmonth) and 12 month then divide by conversion
factor (094 Ralacorsquos operating value)
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
ELBP 0 MWhy No consumption before the project
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Project Emissions
EMPJ = EMPJ_fuel EMPJ_electricity
=
i
ifuelifuelPJifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELPJ CFelectricity
EMPJ Project CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_fuel Project CO2 emission from the fossil fuel in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_electricity Project CO2 emission from the grid electricity in year y [t-CO2y]
FfueliPJ Project consumption of fossil fuel source i in year y
[1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel source i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel source i [t-CGJ]
ELPJ Project consumption of the grid electricity in year y [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_fuel 5383 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_electricity 4709 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
FfueliPJ 1797 kLy Heavy oil consumption from September 2012
until August 2013
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt9gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
ELPJ 8708 MWhy Grid electricity consumption from September
2012 until August 2013
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Emission Reduction
ER = ( EMRR - EMPJ ) α
ER CO2 emission reduction in year y [t-CO2y]
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ Project CO2 emissions in year y [t-CO2y]
α Discount rate of emission reductions []
Provisional value 8
Below listed values are used in this project The emission reduction is computed as 354 t-CO2year
Parameter Value Unit Notes
ER 354 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y -
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y -
α 8 Default value (Provisional value)
(2) Development of JCM Project Design Document (PDD)
(i) Environmental Impact Assessment
The MONRE is in charge of Environmental Impact Assessments (hereinafter EIAs) in Viet
Nam Under the Law on Environmental Protection which was completely rewritten in 2005 the
authority to approve EIAs was relegated tomdashdepending on the projects characteristicsmdashthe
Vietnam Environment Association (VEA an organization under the MONRE) central government
ministries and agencies or local agencies
The list of projects requiring the drafting of an EIA report appears in Appendix 1 of the decree on
Detailing and Guiding the Implementation of a Number of Articles of the Law on Environmental
Protection (Decree 802006ND-CP) of August 9 2006 According to this an EIA does not have to
be performed when building a glass furnace
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt10gt
(ii) Consultation with Local Stakeholders
In Viet Nam matters such as environmental impacts accompanying project implementation are
generally left to the judgment of the Peoples Committee and public comments are rarely solicited
from employees or local residents For this project as well we told Ralaco several times to question
stakeholders about their opinions as in the past when we aspired to carry out CDM projects
Finally in addition to explaining the automatic fuel-air ratio control system to furnace operators
Ralaco gathered local residents for an information session No particularly negative comments were
raised at that time
In this study Furnace B had been equipped with an IFC automatic fuel-air ratio control system
that had already demonstrated results so the plant employees generally had a positive attitude about
saving furnace energy Employees commented that they also want to improve energy efficiency for
Furnace C which is slated for an upgrade in 2014 due to its currently extremely high basic units of
energy
(iii) Monitoring Plan
In cooperation with Ralaco we formed a Monitoring Plan for this project which we organized
into the Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring System Sheet
(iv) Calibration of Measuring Instruments
We confirmed that the fuel oil flow meters and electricity meters used in the furnaces as well as
the speed sensors used to calculate production volume are not calibrated This corresponds to all
Option C monitoring Since a margin of error of no more than plus or minus 5 is demanded by
JCM we need to stipulate recalibration for the monitoring system
(3) Project development and implementation
(i) Japanrsquos contribution
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass glass production volumemdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas continued to trend upward in
recent years as well With the greater production of liquid crystal products and other goods coupled
with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and renewed demand for
glass furnaces is forecast for the future as well
Japans glass furnaces have extremely high energy consumption efficiency due to technical
expertise accumulated over many years Therefore we can contribute to long-term reductions in
energy consumption as well as the popularization of and advancements in energy-saving technology
for the host country by transferring this sort of technology
Comparing performance and price with other countries technology it is thought that Japan will
compete with Chinese companies who have an advantage in price We confirmed that Ralaco too
has installed glass furnaces equipped with a Chinese-made automatic fuel-air ratio control system
When we inquired with them about initial costs they said Chinese products cost half as much as
Japanese ones and indicated that price or some other incentive would be needed in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt11gt
encourage them to install Japanese-made technology
Because of this it is thought that providing a certain percentage of funding such as equipment
subsidies or issuing credit under the JCM system will promote the project and make it valid
In addition Ralaco is proactive in its CSR as exemplified by its release of products with a small
environmental impact It is thought that expectations of a publication effect could also help promote
this project to such companies as a project that applied the JCM framework
(ii) Environmental integrity
This project attempts to raise combustion efficiency and lower fuel consumption by optimizing
the atmospheric ratio of existing melting furnaces Thus by implementing this project there is
thought to be little negative effect in environmental terms and there will be no more than limited
noise and such due to construction accompanying the installation of energy-saving systems As a
positive effect the project will attempt to lessen atmospheric pollution by reducing the usage of
fossil fuels
(iii) Sustainable development in host country
It is believed that demand for glass will continue to grow in the host country Therefore pushing
ahead with the installation of energy-saving glass furnaces can while leading to better efficiency in
energy consumption also help improve the level of energy-saving technology in the long-term thus
enabling a large contribution to the sustainable development of the host country
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt8gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
POBP 6834 t-Glassy
Multiply average value for production volume from
January 2005 until August 2007 (5695
t-Glassmonth) and 12 month
FfueliBP 2220 kLy
Multiply average value for heavy oil consumption
from January 2005 until August 2007 (1850
t-FOmonth) and 12 month then divide by conversion
factor (094 Ralacorsquos operating value)
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
ELBP 0 MWhy No consumption before the project
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Project Emissions
EMPJ = EMPJ_fuel EMPJ_electricity
=
i
ifuelifuelPJifuel CFHVF12
44 + ELPJ CFelectricity
EMPJ Project CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_fuel Project CO2 emission from the fossil fuel in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ_electricity Project CO2 emission from the grid electricity in year y [t-CO2y]
FfueliPJ Project consumption of fossil fuel source i in year y
[1000Nm3y or ty or kLy]
HVfueli Net calorific value of fossil fuel source i [GJ1000Nm3 or t or kL]
CFfueli Carbon emission factor of fossil fuel source i [t-CGJ]
ELPJ Project consumption of the grid electricity in year y [MWhy]
CFelectricity CO2 emission factor of the grid electricity [t-CO2MWh]
Below listed values are used in this project
Parameter Value Unit Notes
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_fuel 5383 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMPJ_electricity 4709 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
FfueliPJ 1797 kLy Heavy oil consumption from September 2012
until August 2013
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt9gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
ELPJ 8708 MWhy Grid electricity consumption from September
2012 until August 2013
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Emission Reduction
ER = ( EMRR - EMPJ ) α
ER CO2 emission reduction in year y [t-CO2y]
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ Project CO2 emissions in year y [t-CO2y]
α Discount rate of emission reductions []
Provisional value 8
Below listed values are used in this project The emission reduction is computed as 354 t-CO2year
Parameter Value Unit Notes
ER 354 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y -
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y -
α 8 Default value (Provisional value)
(2) Development of JCM Project Design Document (PDD)
(i) Environmental Impact Assessment
The MONRE is in charge of Environmental Impact Assessments (hereinafter EIAs) in Viet
Nam Under the Law on Environmental Protection which was completely rewritten in 2005 the
authority to approve EIAs was relegated tomdashdepending on the projects characteristicsmdashthe
Vietnam Environment Association (VEA an organization under the MONRE) central government
ministries and agencies or local agencies
The list of projects requiring the drafting of an EIA report appears in Appendix 1 of the decree on
Detailing and Guiding the Implementation of a Number of Articles of the Law on Environmental
Protection (Decree 802006ND-CP) of August 9 2006 According to this an EIA does not have to
be performed when building a glass furnace
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt10gt
(ii) Consultation with Local Stakeholders
In Viet Nam matters such as environmental impacts accompanying project implementation are
generally left to the judgment of the Peoples Committee and public comments are rarely solicited
from employees or local residents For this project as well we told Ralaco several times to question
stakeholders about their opinions as in the past when we aspired to carry out CDM projects
Finally in addition to explaining the automatic fuel-air ratio control system to furnace operators
Ralaco gathered local residents for an information session No particularly negative comments were
raised at that time
In this study Furnace B had been equipped with an IFC automatic fuel-air ratio control system
that had already demonstrated results so the plant employees generally had a positive attitude about
saving furnace energy Employees commented that they also want to improve energy efficiency for
Furnace C which is slated for an upgrade in 2014 due to its currently extremely high basic units of
energy
(iii) Monitoring Plan
In cooperation with Ralaco we formed a Monitoring Plan for this project which we organized
into the Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring System Sheet
(iv) Calibration of Measuring Instruments
We confirmed that the fuel oil flow meters and electricity meters used in the furnaces as well as
the speed sensors used to calculate production volume are not calibrated This corresponds to all
Option C monitoring Since a margin of error of no more than plus or minus 5 is demanded by
JCM we need to stipulate recalibration for the monitoring system
(3) Project development and implementation
(i) Japanrsquos contribution
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass glass production volumemdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas continued to trend upward in
recent years as well With the greater production of liquid crystal products and other goods coupled
with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and renewed demand for
glass furnaces is forecast for the future as well
Japans glass furnaces have extremely high energy consumption efficiency due to technical
expertise accumulated over many years Therefore we can contribute to long-term reductions in
energy consumption as well as the popularization of and advancements in energy-saving technology
for the host country by transferring this sort of technology
Comparing performance and price with other countries technology it is thought that Japan will
compete with Chinese companies who have an advantage in price We confirmed that Ralaco too
has installed glass furnaces equipped with a Chinese-made automatic fuel-air ratio control system
When we inquired with them about initial costs they said Chinese products cost half as much as
Japanese ones and indicated that price or some other incentive would be needed in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt11gt
encourage them to install Japanese-made technology
Because of this it is thought that providing a certain percentage of funding such as equipment
subsidies or issuing credit under the JCM system will promote the project and make it valid
In addition Ralaco is proactive in its CSR as exemplified by its release of products with a small
environmental impact It is thought that expectations of a publication effect could also help promote
this project to such companies as a project that applied the JCM framework
(ii) Environmental integrity
This project attempts to raise combustion efficiency and lower fuel consumption by optimizing
the atmospheric ratio of existing melting furnaces Thus by implementing this project there is
thought to be little negative effect in environmental terms and there will be no more than limited
noise and such due to construction accompanying the installation of energy-saving systems As a
positive effect the project will attempt to lessen atmospheric pollution by reducing the usage of
fossil fuels
(iii) Sustainable development in host country
It is believed that demand for glass will continue to grow in the host country Therefore pushing
ahead with the installation of energy-saving glass furnaces can while leading to better efficiency in
energy consumption also help improve the level of energy-saving technology in the long-term thus
enabling a large contribution to the sustainable development of the host country
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt9gt
Parameter Value Unit Notes
HVfueli 419 GJkL 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
CFfueli 00195 t-CGJ 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories
ELPJ 8708 MWhy Grid electricity consumption from September
2012 until August 2013
CFelectricity 05408 t-CO2MWh Official announcement value of Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment 2011
Calculation of Emission Reduction
ER = ( EMRR - EMPJ ) α
ER CO2 emission reduction in year y [t-CO2y]
EMRR Reference CO2 emission in year y [t-CO2y]
EMPJ Project CO2 emissions in year y [t-CO2y]
α Discount rate of emission reductions []
Provisional value 8
Below listed values are used in this project The emission reduction is computed as 354 t-CO2year
Parameter Value Unit Notes
ER 354 t-CO2y Refer above calculation formula
EMRR 10279 t-CO2y -
EMPJ 5854 t-CO2y -
α 8 Default value (Provisional value)
(2) Development of JCM Project Design Document (PDD)
(i) Environmental Impact Assessment
The MONRE is in charge of Environmental Impact Assessments (hereinafter EIAs) in Viet
Nam Under the Law on Environmental Protection which was completely rewritten in 2005 the
authority to approve EIAs was relegated tomdashdepending on the projects characteristicsmdashthe
Vietnam Environment Association (VEA an organization under the MONRE) central government
ministries and agencies or local agencies
The list of projects requiring the drafting of an EIA report appears in Appendix 1 of the decree on
Detailing and Guiding the Implementation of a Number of Articles of the Law on Environmental
Protection (Decree 802006ND-CP) of August 9 2006 According to this an EIA does not have to
be performed when building a glass furnace
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt10gt
(ii) Consultation with Local Stakeholders
In Viet Nam matters such as environmental impacts accompanying project implementation are
generally left to the judgment of the Peoples Committee and public comments are rarely solicited
from employees or local residents For this project as well we told Ralaco several times to question
stakeholders about their opinions as in the past when we aspired to carry out CDM projects
Finally in addition to explaining the automatic fuel-air ratio control system to furnace operators
Ralaco gathered local residents for an information session No particularly negative comments were
raised at that time
In this study Furnace B had been equipped with an IFC automatic fuel-air ratio control system
that had already demonstrated results so the plant employees generally had a positive attitude about
saving furnace energy Employees commented that they also want to improve energy efficiency for
Furnace C which is slated for an upgrade in 2014 due to its currently extremely high basic units of
energy
(iii) Monitoring Plan
In cooperation with Ralaco we formed a Monitoring Plan for this project which we organized
into the Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring System Sheet
(iv) Calibration of Measuring Instruments
We confirmed that the fuel oil flow meters and electricity meters used in the furnaces as well as
the speed sensors used to calculate production volume are not calibrated This corresponds to all
Option C monitoring Since a margin of error of no more than plus or minus 5 is demanded by
JCM we need to stipulate recalibration for the monitoring system
(3) Project development and implementation
(i) Japanrsquos contribution
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass glass production volumemdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas continued to trend upward in
recent years as well With the greater production of liquid crystal products and other goods coupled
with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and renewed demand for
glass furnaces is forecast for the future as well
Japans glass furnaces have extremely high energy consumption efficiency due to technical
expertise accumulated over many years Therefore we can contribute to long-term reductions in
energy consumption as well as the popularization of and advancements in energy-saving technology
for the host country by transferring this sort of technology
Comparing performance and price with other countries technology it is thought that Japan will
compete with Chinese companies who have an advantage in price We confirmed that Ralaco too
has installed glass furnaces equipped with a Chinese-made automatic fuel-air ratio control system
When we inquired with them about initial costs they said Chinese products cost half as much as
Japanese ones and indicated that price or some other incentive would be needed in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt11gt
encourage them to install Japanese-made technology
Because of this it is thought that providing a certain percentage of funding such as equipment
subsidies or issuing credit under the JCM system will promote the project and make it valid
In addition Ralaco is proactive in its CSR as exemplified by its release of products with a small
environmental impact It is thought that expectations of a publication effect could also help promote
this project to such companies as a project that applied the JCM framework
(ii) Environmental integrity
This project attempts to raise combustion efficiency and lower fuel consumption by optimizing
the atmospheric ratio of existing melting furnaces Thus by implementing this project there is
thought to be little negative effect in environmental terms and there will be no more than limited
noise and such due to construction accompanying the installation of energy-saving systems As a
positive effect the project will attempt to lessen atmospheric pollution by reducing the usage of
fossil fuels
(iii) Sustainable development in host country
It is believed that demand for glass will continue to grow in the host country Therefore pushing
ahead with the installation of energy-saving glass furnaces can while leading to better efficiency in
energy consumption also help improve the level of energy-saving technology in the long-term thus
enabling a large contribution to the sustainable development of the host country
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt10gt
(ii) Consultation with Local Stakeholders
In Viet Nam matters such as environmental impacts accompanying project implementation are
generally left to the judgment of the Peoples Committee and public comments are rarely solicited
from employees or local residents For this project as well we told Ralaco several times to question
stakeholders about their opinions as in the past when we aspired to carry out CDM projects
Finally in addition to explaining the automatic fuel-air ratio control system to furnace operators
Ralaco gathered local residents for an information session No particularly negative comments were
raised at that time
In this study Furnace B had been equipped with an IFC automatic fuel-air ratio control system
that had already demonstrated results so the plant employees generally had a positive attitude about
saving furnace energy Employees commented that they also want to improve energy efficiency for
Furnace C which is slated for an upgrade in 2014 due to its currently extremely high basic units of
energy
(iii) Monitoring Plan
In cooperation with Ralaco we formed a Monitoring Plan for this project which we organized
into the Monitoring Plan Sheet and Monitoring System Sheet
(iv) Calibration of Measuring Instruments
We confirmed that the fuel oil flow meters and electricity meters used in the furnaces as well as
the speed sensors used to calculate production volume are not calibrated This corresponds to all
Option C monitoring Since a margin of error of no more than plus or minus 5 is demanded by
JCM we need to stipulate recalibration for the monitoring system
(3) Project development and implementation
(i) Japanrsquos contribution
According to interviews with the Vietnam Glass Association and suppliers of raw materials for
glass glass production volumemdashprincipally of glass panesmdashhas continued to trend upward in
recent years as well With the greater production of liquid crystal products and other goods coupled
with rising construction demand in recent years additional installations of and renewed demand for
glass furnaces is forecast for the future as well
Japans glass furnaces have extremely high energy consumption efficiency due to technical
expertise accumulated over many years Therefore we can contribute to long-term reductions in
energy consumption as well as the popularization of and advancements in energy-saving technology
for the host country by transferring this sort of technology
Comparing performance and price with other countries technology it is thought that Japan will
compete with Chinese companies who have an advantage in price We confirmed that Ralaco too
has installed glass furnaces equipped with a Chinese-made automatic fuel-air ratio control system
When we inquired with them about initial costs they said Chinese products cost half as much as
Japanese ones and indicated that price or some other incentive would be needed in order to
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt11gt
encourage them to install Japanese-made technology
Because of this it is thought that providing a certain percentage of funding such as equipment
subsidies or issuing credit under the JCM system will promote the project and make it valid
In addition Ralaco is proactive in its CSR as exemplified by its release of products with a small
environmental impact It is thought that expectations of a publication effect could also help promote
this project to such companies as a project that applied the JCM framework
(ii) Environmental integrity
This project attempts to raise combustion efficiency and lower fuel consumption by optimizing
the atmospheric ratio of existing melting furnaces Thus by implementing this project there is
thought to be little negative effect in environmental terms and there will be no more than limited
noise and such due to construction accompanying the installation of energy-saving systems As a
positive effect the project will attempt to lessen atmospheric pollution by reducing the usage of
fossil fuels
(iii) Sustainable development in host country
It is believed that demand for glass will continue to grow in the host country Therefore pushing
ahead with the installation of energy-saving glass furnaces can while leading to better efficiency in
energy consumption also help improve the level of energy-saving technology in the long-term thus
enabling a large contribution to the sustainable development of the host country
JCM Demonstration Study (DS) 2013 ndash Final Report
lt11gt
encourage them to install Japanese-made technology
Because of this it is thought that providing a certain percentage of funding such as equipment
subsidies or issuing credit under the JCM system will promote the project and make it valid
In addition Ralaco is proactive in its CSR as exemplified by its release of products with a small
environmental impact It is thought that expectations of a publication effect could also help promote
this project to such companies as a project that applied the JCM framework
(ii) Environmental integrity
This project attempts to raise combustion efficiency and lower fuel consumption by optimizing
the atmospheric ratio of existing melting furnaces Thus by implementing this project there is
thought to be little negative effect in environmental terms and there will be no more than limited
noise and such due to construction accompanying the installation of energy-saving systems As a
positive effect the project will attempt to lessen atmospheric pollution by reducing the usage of
fossil fuels
(iii) Sustainable development in host country
It is believed that demand for glass will continue to grow in the host country Therefore pushing
ahead with the installation of energy-saving glass furnaces can while leading to better efficiency in
energy consumption also help improve the level of energy-saving technology in the long-term thus
enabling a large contribution to the sustainable development of the host country