Emnambithi - Ladysmith Local Municipalityladysmith.co.za/docs/reps/2010/rural_plan.pdf · 2.7.1 The Muyexe Village Programme as Key Pilot Programme ... The Rural Development Strategy

Emnambithi-Ladysmith Local Municipality: Rural Development Strategy – Final Report (June 2010)

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Emnambithi - Ladysmith Local Municipality

Rural Development Strategy Draft 1 – May 2010


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4

1.1. Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................................ 4

1.2 Location of Emnambithi Local Municipality ................................................................................. 4

1.3 Research Methodology ................................................................................................................. 6

1.4. Data Collection Techniques ......................................................................................................... 6

1.5 Structure of the Report ................................................................................................................ 7

Section 2 Rural Development ................................................................................................................. 8

2.1 Rural Development in South Africa .............................................................................................. 8

2.2 General characteristics of rural areas ............................................................................................... 8

General characteristics of rural areas ................................................................................................. 8

2.3 Key Factors for Promoting Rural Development ............................................................................ 9

2.4 The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP) and its Implementations ........... 12

2.4.1 Agrarian Transformation ....................................................................................................... 12

2.4.2 Rural Development .................................................................................................................. 13

2.4.3 Land Reform ............................................................................................................................ 13

2.5 The Aim and Scope of CRDP ....................................................................................................... 14

2.6 The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme’s Mandate.............................................. 15

2.7 The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme Pilot Project in Limpopo Province as a

Case Study ........................................................................................................................................ 15

2.7.1 The Muyexe Village Programme as Key Pilot Programme ........................................................... 15

2.7.2 Community Mobilisation ......................................................................................................... 16

2.7.3. Community Food Security Initiatives ...................................................................................... 16

2.7.4 Community Facilities: Ward Committee Offices & Community Hall ....................................... 17

2.7.5 Education ................................................................................................................................. 17

2.7.6 Health Facilities........................................................................................................................ 18

2.7.7 Sanitation Projects ........................................................................................................... 18

2.7.8 Water ....................................................................................................................................... 18


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2.8 CRDP Progress since April 2009 .................................................................................................. 18

2.9 The Comprehensive Rural Development Strategy in KwaZulu Natal ......................................... 18

Emergent Communal Farmer Programme ....................................................................................... 21

2.10. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 23

Section 3 The status quo of Rural Emnambithi ..................................................................................... 24

3.1 Overview of Rural Wards ............................................................................................................ 24

3.2 Profiling the rural Wards ............................................................................................................ 30

3.3 SWOT Analysis of Rural Emnambithi/Ladysmith. ....................................................................... 58

3.4. Summary SWOT for Rural Emnambithi ..................................................................................... 69

3.5 Conclusion and recommendations ............................................................................................. 70

Section 4 Strategy Formulation ............................................................................................................ 72

4.1 The National Medium Term Strategic Framework ..................................................................... 72

4.2 Critical Stakeholders (Strategy Refinement, Policy and Budgetary Alignment, Programme and

Product Development Implementation Planning). .......................................................................... 73

4.2.1 CRDP Council of Stakeholders ................................................................................................. 74

4.2.2 CRDP Technical Committee ..................................................................................................... 74

4.2.3 Strategic Partnerships .............................................................................................................. 75

4.3 Vision, goals and objectives of the Rural Development Strategy ............................................... 75

4.4 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 76

Section 5 Implementation framework .................................................................................................. 78

5.1. Rural Development Strategy Project identification ................................................................... 78

5.2Anchor Projects ........................................................................................................................... 86

5.3 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 95

Section 6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 96


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SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

This report deals with the development of a Rural Development Strategy for the Emnambithi

/Ladysmith Local Municipality. It starts with an overview of the location of Emnambithi Municipality

and the conditions experienced by the people who live in the rural areas of Emnambithi. The

purpose of the study is to formulate a strategy that will suit the needs of the people residing in the

rural areas of Emnambithi.

1.1. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The Rural Development Strategy hopes to address and propose solutions to the economic and

development challenges that are currently being experienced by people living in the rural areas of

Emnambithi. Rural Development has been earmarked as government’s Priority Number 3 in the

Medium Term Strategic Framework (MTSF), hence the need for the formation of a Rural

Development Strategy that will encompass the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme

(CRDP) in Emnambithi.

1.2 LOCATION OF EMNAMBITHI LOCAL MUNICIPALITY

Emnambithi/Ladysmith Local Municipality is located on the northern corner of the uThukela District

Municipality in the KwaZulu Natal Province. It is one of the five Category B municipalities in the

uThukela District Municipality area. The municipality borders the Free State Province to the west,

Dannhauser Local Municipality to the north, uKhahlamba Local Municipality to the south-west,

Umtshezi Local Municipality to the south, and Indaka and eNdumeni Local Municipalities to the east.

The uThukela District Municipality map below (Figure1) shows the Emnambithi Local Municipality

and other neighbouring municipalities.


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Figure 1: UThukela District Municipality Map

Source: Emnambithi/Ladysmith Phase One: Perspective Report

Located along the N11 route, and just 20km off the N3 route between Durban and Johannesburg,

the Emnambithi/Ladysmith Local Municipality is serviced by regional transportation linkages which

provide easy access to the municipality. It is further linked by the rail line that links the port town of

Durban and the country’s economic hub of Gauteng. Emnambithi is at a geographical advantage as it

is located centrally between Gauteng and the coast. It is 370 km from Johannesburg and 250 km

from Durban while Van Reenen serves as a gateway to KZN from Gauteng Province.


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1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Five workshops in total were held were held in rural wards of Emnambithi. The aim of these

workshops was to inform the community in these rural areas about the Rural Development Strategy

Study that Urban Econ had been appointed to conduct. During the workshop, data was collected

from the participants. This information was then analysed and used to aid in the formulation of the

strategy.

1.4. DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES

Three different data collection techniques were used to gather information from stakeholders. The

information centred on what they felt they needed to achieve economic development in their rural

areas. These techniques allowed people in the rural areas to be familiarised with the government’s

intervention programme called the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme which is aimed

at enhancing rural development.

1.4.1 PERSONAL INTERVIEWS

Personal interviews were conducted with relevant stakeholders from Emnambithi Municipality and

from Agriculture Cooperatives. The aim was to find out what kind of agricultural programmes are

currently in existence and what type of projects are needed in the rural areas of Emnambithi. A

personal interview with the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform representative was

also conducted to gain official on the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme and the pilot

programme that is currently taking place in Msinga Area in KZN.

1.4.2 WORKSHOPS

A total of five workshops were held in the rural wards. Two of these workshops on the Rural

Development Strategy were held at Bluebank Community Hall and Buhlebezwe High School on the

17th of February. At these workshops the communities were able to voice their needs regarding rural

development and the issues they felt were hindering them from developing successfully. Three

workshops were conducted in the Municipality Chambers, as well as in Lusitania and Driefontein

wards to introduce the idea of the Rural Development Strategy and its aim to the people in those

areas.

1.4.3. DESKTOP INFORMATION

Information was accessed from reports that are relevant to the Rural Development Strategy. These

reports included:

Emnambithi/Ladysmith Municipality Integrated Development Plan 2007/2008.

The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme July 2009.

Emnambithi/Ladysmith Agricultural Strategy and Tourism Strategy.


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1.5 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

The remainder of the report is structured as follows:

Section 2 describes rural development, the characteristics of a rural area and the key factors of

promoting rural development. It further discusses the new Comprehensive Rural Development

Programme, its mandates and critical stakeholders. The CRDP programme, a pilot project in Limpopo

Province is then discussed as a case study of how the CRDP is being implemented on other

provinces.

Section 3 provides a description of how the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme can be

implemented in Emnambithi/Ladysmith Local Municipality’s rural areas. The section also identifies

agricultural, tourism and other projects that are currently in operation in the rural areas.

Section 4 presents a SWOT Analysis upon which the strategy formulation is based. The strategy

formulation is then derived from looking at all the challenges that the people in the rural areas are

currently facing and proposes creating ways in which those challenges can be turned into projects.

Section 5 provides a list of projects that were identified by people in the rural areas. These projects

are listed and their implementation plans are discussed in this section.

Section 6: provides the conclusion and gives recommendations on the Emnambithi Rural

Development Strategy.


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SECTION 2 RURAL DEVELOPMENT

This section begins with an overview of rural development and the Comprehensive Rural

Development Programme, its implementation procedures and the stakeholders involved. It also

discusses the implication of this programme for Emnambithi/Ladysmith Municipality Local

Municipality. The purpose of this section is to gain a thorough understanding of what the

Comprehensive Rural Development Programme is.

2.1 RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA

Rural development is about enabling rural people to take control of their destiny, thereby dealing

effectively with rural poverty through the optimal use and management of natural resources. It is a

participatory process through which rural people learn over time, through their own experiences

and initiatives, how to adapt their indigenous knowledge to their changing world.

Rural development and poverty alleviation are largely synonymous. Rural development is a large and

inclusive umbrella term for all kinds of departmental programmes and orientations. It includes, for

example, agricultural development, poverty alleviation via tourism, small-scale mining, and

infrastructure provision. Different government departments have adopted widely different

definitions and approaches when dealing with poverty alleviation.

There are two schools of thoughts about whether rural development and poverty alleviation are

primarily ‘welfarist’ functions (and therefore is categorised as ‘Social Development’) or whether they

should be categorised as the ‘promotion of economic opportunities’ (in which case they should be

located under ‘Economic Development’. Our approach is based on the economic development

model because this study falls under Local Economic Development where the focus is on economic

development of rural areas. The confusion about these two approaches is the fundamental reason

for the ambiguity and divergence of many government poverty alleviation programmes.

2.2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL AREAS

In this study the definition of the term ‘rural area’ is an area which is sparsely populated and in

which people depend largely on agriculture or natural resources for their income and survival. A

rural area may include villages and small towns which serve as rural centres. It also is understood to

refer to large or ‘closer’ settlements created by the historical dumping of populations in the former

homelands during apartheid ( e.g.???). The population in most rural areas depends on the migratory

labour system and remittances for their survival.

Rural areas are generally characterised by:

High levels of poverty, especially among women-headed households.

Spatial chaos and stark contrasts between the former homelands and the areas around them, in

terms of settlement patterns, land ownership and use, transport and other infrastructure

Historical restrictions on entrepreneurial development and poor support.

Increased cost of living: goods and services are more expensive in rural areas than in urban areas

because of higher transport costs


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Agriculture is often dominant, and sometimes the exclusive economic sector and opportunities

for resource mobilisation are limited.

2.3 KEY FACTORS FOR PROMOTING RURAL DEVELOPMENT

The key factors that promote rural development are named and discussed as key or important

factors when tackling rural development.

2.3.1 LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Local economic development refers to any and all efforts to increase growth and employment, and

to develop markets. The concept usually applied in urban areas but there are two respects in which

it is useful in rural areas:

The importance of local solutions to the development of small rural towns and

The emphasis on obtaining the advantages of agglomeration, which is usefully captured in rural

areas through a deliberate attempt to promote markets

How can the local economic development concept be applied to small rural towns? With few

exceptions there are two types of rural towns:

Those in large scale farming areas, which have often lost their connections with the surrounding

rural areas as more and more farm production is moved directly to the national market and,

Those in the former homelands which grew in response to the pressure of displaced people.

In both cases, great efforts will be required to build a local economy based on the exploitation of

local resources in the rural areas around, such as the development of the small farm sector, of agri-

industries and other resource-based production, and of tourism and eco-tourism possibilities.

All these possibilities will be enhanced by if there are active steps to increase access to information,

capacity building, encourage community organisations, and develop a social compact around

coherent, widely agreed development plans.

2.3.2 PROMOTING LOCAL MARKETS

Promoting local markets is crucial in eradicating poverty in the rural areas. It helps in creating job

opportunities and improving rural livelihoods. Some of the advantages of promoting local markets in

the rural areas include:

Levels of rural production must be increased to improve local income circulation (some suggest

that this is a pre-requisite for the establishment of rural markets).

Rural markets will improve local income circulation.

The successful establishment of rural markets and specifically periodic markets will to a large

extent depend on the ability of local government to coordinate the delivery of “mobile services”

at identified locations, in support of market activity.


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The six basic steps to ensure that markets contribute to improving local income circulation have

been identified as:

Adjust local government strategic planning to reflect the importance of improving local income

circulation;

Coordinate government service delivery with a strong focus on mobile services that will attract

people and support the establishment of markets;

Identify appropriate market places and/or service delivery points based on a thorough

understanding of local development dynamics;

Develop a periodic market system (including service delivery) that will provide local markets with

appropriate support and implement this using a phased approach;

Identify and develop appropriate market spaces in consultation with local communities; and

Manage the markets based on the clear assignment of roles and responsibilities in this regard.

2.3.3 PROMOTING SMALL, MEDIUM AND MICRO ENTERPRISES

Small businesses have an important role to play in the South African economy in terms of

employment creation, income generation and output growth. They are also often the vehicle by

which the lowest-income people in our society gain access to economic opportunities. It is therefore

important for small medium and micro enterprises to be part of each municipality’s Local Economic

Development (LED) Plan.

There is a crucial need to promote the SMME’s in the rural areas hence is the current strategy to

create a national network of local services centre (LSCs) where a variety of services can be accessed.

The LSC in rural areas will receive government subsidisation, and will assist entrepreneurs in

obtaining access to hard skills training and provide on-site hand-holding to developing larger, more

sustainable businesses. The LSC should ensure that local by-laws and higher level legislative and

regulatory mechanisms promote, rather than hinder, local entrepreneurs.

Three factors are crucial to enable rural people to progress beyond a ‘survivalist’ enterprise (whose

turnover falls well below the levels required for VAT registration in South Africa), namely:

Information on source and costs of inputs

Information and assistance in marketing for their products and

Help with financial services- this is very difficult for rural people to access due to the lack of a

comprehensive institutional structure which will bring these services to them.

2.3.4 PROMOTING SMALL SCALE AGRICULTURE

Small businesses are an important ingredient for income generation in the rural economy. However,

the ability of small businesses to grow and reach new markets is hampered by ageing

infrastructures, low- and unskilled labour, lack of business knowledge and insufficient capital.

Furthermore, transportation of goods in rural areas is a complex and costly business.

Investment in agriculture requires investment in suitable agricultural technologies and infrastructure

to increase farm production and employment, as well as non-farm production.


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There is a need to develop the potential of small scale farmers through:

emphasizing market orientation and easy access to funding ,

developing the capacity for participatory research and technology development, and

improving the efficiency and effectiveness of government and the Agricultural Research Council

to the benefit of all farmers

Small scale farmers create job opportunities and provide products for the immediate local markets

and for local agro-industries and are therefore a coherent part of an integrated strategy for LED.

2.3.5 PROMOTING TOURISM AND ECOTOURISM

South Africa has a rich historical heritage and a wide variety of cultures, in addition to the wildlife,

scenery and coasts for which it is better known amongst domestic and foreign tourists. In times of

peace, these provide an immense potential for the development of a diverse tourism industry and

South Africa's superiority in infrastructure development provides an advantage over other parts of

Africa in the eyes of international tourists.

However, tourist development has generally followed a narrow path, keeping within the apartheid-

established geographic parameters and providing incomes largely to the major hotel chains and

transport companies. The best known example of the problems that arise is in attitudes towards the

country’s national parks. The majority of rural people lack the income and access which would

enable them to visit the national parks. This causes a feeling of alienation and in some cases there is

friction between the park and the surrounding community over land use. The community than has

little reason to appreciate or protect wildlife or tourists.

2.3.6 PROMOTING LABOUR INTENSITY

Rural communities in Emnambithi can lobby to ensure that all structures built with government

funds use labour-intensive techniques, as these will then provide local employment. They can also

apply to the Community Based Public Works Programme (CBPWP) at provincial level for funding for

special employment projects for the poor. The CBPWP and the reorientation of building methods

through public sector transformation fall under the National Public Works Programme. This

programme aims to provide jobs and create infrastructure, to develop human resources through

training programmes, and to empower communities.

Other programmes such as ZIBAMBELE which is routine road maintenance programme using labour

intensive methods. It encourages flexible hours on road maintenance activities to allow ZIBAMBELE-

contracted households adequate time to deploy their labour on other activities. The households

therefore earn extra income from the road maintenance programme whilst maintaining their

agricultural interests.

A ZIBAMBELE Contractor is the term used for a person contracted under the ZIBAMBELE programme

to maintain a length of road. The length of road allocated to each household depends on the

difficulty on the terrain, thus the more difficult the terrain the shorter the allocated road. The


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contract requires a maximum of 60 hours of work per month to maintain the length of allocated

road.

A ZIBAMBELE household will:

Maintain the road drainage system

Ensure good roadside visibility

Maintain the road surface in good condition

Clear the road verges of litter and noxious weeds

Another way of promoting labour-intensive projects is by empowering young people and women

with skills. The skills base in rural areas is very low, consequently growth and development is

constrained by the limited availability of scarce and critical skills.

2.4 THE COMPREHENSIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (CRDP) AND ITS

IMPLEMENTATIONS

In July 2009 the Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform was identified as the national

champion of the CRDP, as mandated by the President. At provincial level the Premier is the CRDP

champion. The Premier may appoint a Member of Executive Council (MEC) with a rural development

function to be the driver of the CRDP in the province. District and Local Mayors will also form part of

this political delegation during the scaling up of the CRDP.

The importance of programme delivery structure that clarifies roles and responsibilities for all

stakeholders cannot be over-emphasised. CRDP encompasses all aspects of rural life from rural

housing to rural transport, local economic development, education, health, agriculture, social

development, water and so on. It is clear that the new department of Rural Development and Land

Reform (DRDLR) cannot operate alone in achieving the goals of the programme.

To enable the Department to achieve all its objectives, a strategy based on the following three

pillars has to be adapted:

Agrarian transformation including increasing all types of agricultural production; optimal and

sustainable use of natural resources; the use of appropriate technologies; food security; and

improving the of life for each rural household.

Rural development which includes improving economic and social infrastructure.

Land reform including restitution, redistribution, land tenure reform.

2.4.1 AGRARIAN TRANSFORMATION

Agrarian transformation means rapid and fundamental change in the power relations between land

(as well as other natural resources, livestock and cropping) and the community.

Transformation in the agrarian sector needs to take place in the following ways:


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Livestock farming & related value chain development (exploring all possible species for food &

economic activity)

Cropping & related value chain development (exploring all possible species, especially

indigenous plants, for food & economic activity)

2.4.2 RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Rural development is about enabling rural people to take control of their destiny, thereby dealing

effectively with rural poverty through the optimal use and management of natural resources. It is a

participatory process through which rural people learn over time, through their own experiences

and initiatives, how to adapt their indigenous knowledge to their changing world. Rural

development can be achieved through self-help initiatives as well as through co-ordinated and

integrated broad-based agrarian transformation, rural development and land reform.

The establishment of business initiatives, agro-industries, cooperatives, cultural initiatives and

vibrant local markets in rural settings;

The empowerment of rural communities, especially women and the youth, which can be

achieved by facilitating and mediating strong organisational and institutional capabilities and

abilities to take full charge of their collective destiny;

Capacity building initiatives, where rural communities are trained in technical skills which are

combined with indigenous knowledge. This will mitigate a community’s vulnerability to,

especially climate change, soil erosion, adverse weather conditions and natural disasters, hunger

and food insecurity; and

Revitalisation and revamping of the old, and the creation of new economic, social and

information communication infrastructure and public amenities and facilities in villages and

small rural towns.

2.4.3 LAND REFORM

Projects will be linked to the acquisition of and access to land through the three land reform

programmes (redistribution, tenure and restitution). All projects within these three programmes will

be implemented efficiently and in a sustainable manner and will be linked to the strategic objective

of the CRDP. Some of the priorities include:

Reviewing the land reform products and approaches

Reviewing land acquisition models (including the Willing buyer-Willing seller approach)

Fast-tracking the settlement of labour tenancy claims

Facilitating secure access to land by farm dwellers

Protecting the land rights of farm workers


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Increasing the pace of settling outstanding Land Restitution Claims by providing an analysis of

outstanding claims and adopting a developmental approach to the settlement of restitution

claims

2.5 THE AIM AND SCOPE OF CRDP

The aim of a Comprehensive Rural Development Programme is to bring about a measurable increase

in agricultural production by promoting the Ilima/Letseme campaign to enhance household food

security. The government will work hard to protect the valuable agricultural land from

encroachment by other developments. While the focus is on encouraging rural communities to grow

their own food, measures will also be put in place to ensure access by poor households to basic food

at affordable prices and generally to improve the logistics of food distribution. This can be done by

government’s 1intensification in the implementation of the Rural Transport Development

Programme whose objective is to promote rural transport infrastructure and services.

The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme suggests that rural development includes, but is

not limited to the following:

Roads, railways , ports;

Shearing sheds,

Dipping tanks;

Milk parlous;

Community gardens;

Production and marketing stalls;

Fencing for agricultural purposes;

Storage warehouses;

Distribution and transport networks

Electricity networks;

Communication networks (land lines, cell phones, radio, television, etc)

Irrigation schemes for small scale farmers;

Water harvesting, water basin and water shed management systems (dams etc);

Post office services and internet cafes

Rural shopping malls;

Establish savings clubs and cooperatives for economic activities ,wealth creation and the

productive use of assets

1 Department of Rural Development and Land Reform


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2.6 THE COMPREHENSIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME’S MANDATE

The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme must emphasise sustainable development, and

its release would not have come at a better time than now. It must:

Create mechanisms that ensure real participation by rural women in all project components and

subcomponents.

Ensure that the services of its projects reach a significant number of poor rural women and

improve the living conditions of women who are heads of households and rural women in

general.

Ensure equitable participation by rural men and women in technical assistance and technological

transfer activities under agricultural and micro-enterprise projects.

Guarantee equitable access to productive resources for both men and women

Create an enabling climate for women to play an effective and broad role in all project-

generated actions.

Foster and ensure equitable access to credit for men and women in all projects.

Introduce market information systems on the production and marketing of agricultural

products, guaranteeing equal access for men and women.

The Department of Rural Development and Land Reform must take the lead in the coordination and

facilitation of an integrated implementation of the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme.

In the medium to long term there is a need for a Rural Development Agency. The Rural Development

Agency shall have, amongst its other responsibilities:

Coordination to ensure the participation of relevant departments, municipalities, SOEs, NGOs,

donors, financial institutions, etc.

Planning and resource mobilisation: including land use planning, development of national rural

development plans.

Monitoring and evaluation: to ensure projects are developed in accordance to with plans2

Reporting systems and accountability: feedback to communities and stakeholders; timely

problem solving.

2.7 THE COMPREHENSIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME PILOT PROJECT IN

LIMPOPO PROVINCE AS A CASE STUDY

This case study explores how the Comprehensive Rural Development Strategy has been

implemented in Limpopo Province. It focuses on the pilot project that is located in Muyexe Village.

The Emnambithi Local Municipality can adopt a more or less similar pilot project depending on the

needs of the people living in the rural areas.

2.7.1 THE MUYEXE VILLAGE PROGRAMME AS KEY PILOT PROGRAMME

2 Department of Rural Development and Land Reform


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The Muyexe community has been mobilised both socially and organisationally over the past 100

days. Household profiling formed the basis of the community mobilisation, and resulted in 21

projects being identified by the Muyexe community. The community mobilisation methodology is

briefly described below under the following headings, social mobilisation; household mobilisation;

community profiling; social organisation; institutional development and youth skills training.

2.7.2 COMMUNITY MOBILISATION

a) Social Mobilisation

The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme concept was introduced and its principles and

processes were publicly discussed with the Muyexe community.

b) Household Profiling

Household level information was gathered for the 900 households. 70% of the households were

identified as struggling with unemployment and various other poverty related challenges.

c) Community Profiling

Participatory research methods were applied to capture the community profile. The profile revealed

a number of areas where the community could be supported for social development. Emanating

from the community profiling twenty-one (21) community projects were identified.

d) Social Organisation

Households were grouped into Street Level Organisations (SLOs). These SLOs will form the core of

the multi‐cooperatives that are being organised through the Office of the Premier in Limpopo.

e) Institutional Development

New democratically elected institutions were formed in the community, with the youth being

identified as central to the development of Muyexe. The youth have been organised into sub ‐

committees that liaise with the relevant provincial sector departments in the province. The

Community sub‐committees will be working under the guardianship of the Greater Giyani Ward

Committee (Ward 18).

f) Youth Skills Training

Skills development training among the youth has commenced in various fields The South African

National Defence Force has interviewed about 10 young people for training. The South African Police

Service is also in the process of identifying youth suitable for entry into the police service. The

DRD&LR will be training the sub-committee members in project management as they will be

handling specific projects in the sector departments they have been attached to.

2.7.3. COMMUNITY FOOD SECURITY INITIATIVES


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The objective of the initiatives is to improve food security, job creation and retention, skills

development, household income generation and agricultural development. The initial projects

revolve around the MACENA women’s garden and household food security projects. The MACENA

Women’s group is an organised food producing group of 36 women that cultivate a variety of

vegetables for the local community needs and also for sale to the Giyani Spar. The following projects

designed to increase productivity and incomes have commenced through support of the IDT and the

Department of Agriculture:

Nursery construction

Office and food storage facility

Shade netting for crop production3

Irrigation infrastructure improvement

Through a public private partnership agreement the Independent Development Cooperation (IDC),

Rotary Southern Africa and the DRD&LR will be supporting the women’s group and 200 household

gardens, for a period of 3 years. The agreement means that the women and household gardens will

receive training, mentoring and support on traditional organic farming methods that are water

efficient. The agreement will see a trainer on site daily for the next 36 months. The implementing

agent will be the Organic Farms Group.

b) Household Food Security Initiatives

Vegetable garden and orchard layout design projects have commenced. Central to this project was

the fencing of household gardens. The project incorporates the fencing of 300 households (average

size 1000 square meters) for fruit trees orchard and the supply of JoJo water collection tanks.

The first ten (10) households were identified to be completed within hundred days. A total number

of 20 local people benefited from fencing projects including 11 females and 9 males. Seventeen (17)

households and one (1) crèche were supplied with JoJo tanks as a system of water harvesting. In the

process of installation of the system, 36 temporary jobs were created. Ten (10) households have

received Food‐tower gardens supplied by the Department of Agriculture.

2.7.4 COMMUNITY FACILITIES: WARD COMMITTEE OFFICES & COMMUNITY HALL

The objective of the project is to provide a service centre for the community to access government

information and ICT services for development purposes. A total number of 20 jobs have been

created during the construction phase. Of the 20 employees, 12 are from the local community. The

benefits include, employment and skills transfer during construction.

2.7.5 EDUCATION

a) Primary and High School Renovation

3 The Muyexe Village Pilot Project Progress Report


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The project focuses on the renovation of classroom blocks and it includes the following:

Painting

Tiling

Roofing

The total number of 21 people was employed including 6 community members.

b) Muyexe Early Childhood Development project

This is a community-based crèche. The Department of Education supplied the crèche with a jungle

gym. There are 131 children at the crèche.

The project created 8 jobs, including 4 teachers, 2 cooks, 1 gardener and one cleaner. The 4

employees are paid by the Department of Education. The Department of Health assists the crèche

with food for the children.

2.7.6 HEALTH FACILITIES

The mobile clinic that used to visit the community weekly at the community visiting point has now

been made permanent. The nurse is onsite 5 days a week and a vacant hall has been refurbished to

provide consultation rooms for the clinic.

2.7.7 SANITATION PROJECTS

Both the primary and high schools are being equipped with improved sanitation facilities by the

Department of Water Affairs. Twenty-one community members are being temporarily employed

during the construction of these facilities.

2.7.8 WATER

The DWA appointed four teams of water experts to look into the most urgent problem in Muyexe:

the availability of clean water. All 18 boreholes in the village are being tested and will be rectified if

there are any faults.

2.8 CRDP PROGRESS SINCE APRIL 2009

The CRDP has been rolled out in 8 of the 9 provinces. Some key deliverables to date include social

and economic infrastructure to support development. These include the establishment of

community structures, the establishment of co-operatives and the establishment of the Council of

Stakeholders (to promote integrated delivery with government and community). Spatial analyses

have been completed at all 8 sites. Coordinating structures have been set up in all 8 provinces with

MEC’s nominated by the Premier to act as champions with the Department of Rural Development

and Land Reform of the CRDP.

2.9 THE COMPREHENSIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN KWAZULU NATAL


19

The section focuses on how is the Comprehensive Rural Development Strategy is going to be

implemented in KwaZulu Natal. It also gives examples of industries or business opportunities that

people living in rural areas can embark on in order to participate in building their own economy. The

purpose is to get an idea on what KwaZulu Natal is doing as a province to implement the

Comprehensive Rural Development Strategy.

On September 13 2009, Mike Mabuyakhulu, MEC for Economic Development and Tourism spoke on

the policy platform of rural development in KZN. He stated that sustained rural development is a

pre-requisite for the growth and reconstruction of South Africa. The recent Economic Recovery and

Jobs Summit of August 2009 took a decision to develop strategies to resuscitate KwaZulu-Natal’s

ailing economy by selecting key economic sectors that have the potential to improve the economy in

the province.

Amongst other prioritised sectors were agribusiness and forestry, wood and wood pulp and paper

which are all significant catalysts to the sustainable rural economic development. Agriculture and

forestry related activity generates 77 percent of the primary sector output in KwaZulu-Natal.

Nationally, primary forestry and forest products contribute about 5.62 percent to the Gross

Domestic Product (GDP). GDP increased from 4.5 in 1980 to 9.1 in 2004. The contribution of the

forestry sector nationally and in KwaZulu-Natal has been driven by following indicators:

Since 2007 the forestry industry has contributed about 34 700 direct jobs in KwaZulu-Natal, 29

300 in Mpumalanga, 10 300 in Cape and 2 700 in Limpopo.

In 2007 the value of sales in primary processing plants totalled R18.5 billion. This was made up of

53.2 % pulp, 10.3% chips, 17.4% lumber, 12.9% panels, 1.2 % mining timber and 4.9% other

Exporting in forestry increased from R4.6 billion in 1996 to R12.2 billion in

2007. Land use in KwaZulu-Natal is distributed amongst the following activities: grazing has

taken most of the land to 58.3 percent, arable 12.8 percent, nature conversation 15.1 percent,

forestry 5.3 percent (486 967 ha) and others 8.5 percent. The total KwaZulu-Natal land area is

9.1 million ha.

The economic performance of rural areas is lagging behind that of urban areas in many parts of the

world. While there have been many efforts to foster economic development in rural areas involving

substantial public and private investments, most have failed. There is a pressing and widely

recognised need for new approaches to rural economic development, drawing on broader learning

about the sources of competitiveness in the global economy. Merely attempting to mitigate the

generic deficiencies of regions will not be sufficient.

Instead, each rural region needs a distinctive strategy that reflects its unique strengths and its

particular mix of clusters. The strategy must also integrate its economy with the closest urban

centres. The recently released National Strategic Planning Green Paper prioritises the rural

development objective for KZN‘s countryside and for the people who live and work there. Rural

areas are a vital part of the country’s composition and its identity.

Many of rural areas face significant challenges. Some of the farming and forestry businesses still

need to build their competitiveness. More generally, the average income per head is lower in rural

regions than in towns and cities, while the skills base is narrower and the service sector is less

developed.


20

Caring for the rural environment often carries a financial cost. On the other hand, the KZN

countryside has a great deal to offer. It has many of the essential raw materials readily available and

its value as a place of beauty, rest and recreation when it is looked after, is self-evident. The wide

open spaces act as the lungs of the region, and are therefore the battleground for the fight against

climate change. Many people are attracted by the idea of living and/or working in the rural areas,

provided that they have access to adequate services and infrastructure.

This province is already in the process of extending support to rural communities beyond agricultural

interventions. This support has extended to broader development planning support. The best way to

achieve rural development is through the community itself, not through market forces, but through

accountability mechanisms which keep all service providers, including government, accountable to

the community according to the principle of Batho Pele. Wider community participation is crucial for

development to take place.

Rural development initiatives should work in tandem and complement other development

initiatives. Its central tenet is that, "problems facing rural communities-unemployment, poverty, job

loss, environmental degradation and loss of community control-need to be addressed in a holistic

and participatory way”.

KZN can achieve much by building social enterprises. Sometimes called ‘cooperatives’, these are

community based social enterprises that can be ambassadors for rural development partnerships

between government agencies, small to medium enterprises, large national or transitional

corporations and the not-for-profit sector and aims for social, economic and/or environmental

outcomes that none of these agencies could achieve for and by themselves.

There is the need for an active rural development programme because this will help to achieve

valuable goals for people who work and live in rural areas. At its core the rural development policy

must be driven by the need to have all the partners, whether from government or the private sector,

synchronising their activities in order to derive maximum returns. Perhaps the single most often

missing factor in rural development endeavours has been lack of coordination and synchronisation

of initiatives. There is no doubt that, when finalised, among other things, the policy on rural

development, would have taken this need into account.

Land legal issues, topography, a lack of basic infrastructure and many other factors must be dealt

with. Many brilliant development ideas have stalled simply because of the bottlenecks they

encountered. The Comprehensive Rural Development Strategy must emphasise sustainable

development, and its release would not have come at any better time than now. As a matter of

extreme importance, it must:

Create mechanisms that ensure real participation by rural women in all project components and

subcomponents.

Ensure that project services reach a significant number of poor rural women to

improve the living conditions of women who are heads of households and rural women in

general.

Ensure equitable participation by rural men and women in technical assistance and technological

transfer activities under agricultural and micro-enterprise projects.


21

Guarantee equitable access to productive resources for both men and women to

create an enabling climate for women to play an effective and broad role in all project-

generated actions.

Foster and ensure equitable access to credit for men and women in all projects

Introduce market information systems on the production and marketing of agricultural products,

and guarantee equal access to them for men and women.

In KwaZulu-Natal, we are on the move. In setting the development agenda for the province for the

next five years, the province is driving a number of flagship programmes including agrarian

transformation, rural development and land reform. In implementing the above programmes the

province has identified three intervention strategies for agrarian transformation, namely:

Food security programme

Emergent farmer programme

Commercial enterprise/farmer support programme

2.9.1: EMERGENT COMMUNAL FARMER PROGRAMME

The emerging farmer programme is aimed at providing support to disadvantaged farmers to enable

persons in this category to increase their contribution to agricultural production in KwaZulu-Natal.

These farmers are landing a situation where the farming enterprise is not fully developed as a

commercial operation and the farmer is not an experienced and trained commercial farmer.

This category of farmers is primarily found on communal land and land reform projects where

settlement and subsistence agriculture are dominant. They require support at a primary production

level in the following areas:

General farming support in mentorship and training.

On-farm infrastructure support in the form of inputs, soil testing, fencing, mechanisation &

machinery, irrigation.

Off-farm infrastructure such as dip tanks and sale yards.

Support in ploughing and other direct interventions.

Crops are typically not specialised such as maize and dry beans.

The Department of Agriculture, Environmental Affairs and Rural Development has developed a

comprehensive support programme for this category of farmer.

These are emerging farmers and tourism operators who have acquired developed agricultural and

tourism enterprises. The access to these commercial enterprises has often been through the land

reform programmes, and through development finance institutions like the Land Bank and Ithala.

There are also an increasing number of Black persons who have managed to acquire commercial

farms outside of the Land Reform Programme. The State is investing substantially in these

enterprises and if the rural development benefits from these enterprises are to be realised, then

there must be dedicated resources to provide appropriate support.

These emerging farmers and tourism operators face a number of challenges, including the need for

comprehensive training and capacity building, access to finance, access to markets and technical

support. The Province and the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform have established


22

an institutional vehicle to provide these support services. The Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) will

essentially be a one stop shop that will provide an envelope of resources and services that can be

mobilised in the form of:

Capacity building, training and mentoring in enterprise management, land care and land

ownership, and technical training.

Technical support in areas such as production and business support, access to information,

empowerment in the broader value chain.

On-farm support such as infrastructure, timeous delivery of inputs, and early warning systems

for farmers.

Access to resources and partnerships with development finance institutions, commodity

organisations and other private players.

The SPV is an inter-departmental initiative bringing together resources and capacity from the

provincial Departments of Economic Development and Tourism, the Department of Agriculture,

Environment and Rural Development; and nationally the Department of Rural Development and

Land Reform and the Department of Trade and Industry. A key development and delivery modality

can be achieved through partnerships and relationships with the private sector and other civil

society institutions.

Challenges Facing Rural Areas

Lessons from the CRDP sites or pilot projects indicate that the challenges of rural areas include the

following:

Under utilisation and /or unsustainable use of natural resources.

Poor or lack of access to socio-economic infrastructure and services, public amenities and

government services (e.g. there are industrial parks lying idle especially in the former homeland

areas).

Lack of access to water or lack of water resources for both household and agricultural

development.

Low literacy, skills levels and migratory labour practises.

Decay of the social fabric (child/women headed households, crime, family disputes and lack of

Ubuntu).

Death of cultural progress.

Unresolved restitution and land tenure issues.

Townships not formally established thus hindering service provision and development.

Dependence on social grants and other forms of social security.

Unexploited opportunities in agriculture, tourism, mining and manufacturing.

Dispersed houses which make it more expensive to provide public amenities.

The Comprehensive Rural Development mandate was discussed and the critical stakeholders

involved in implementing the programme were identified. The CRDP pilot programme that is

currently being implemented in Limpopo, Muyexe Village, was discussed as a case study. The section

gives an in-depth illustration on what happened as the project was being implemented, namely:

A social mobilisation, household profiling and community profiling was conducted;


23

There is also Institutional Development and Youth Skills Training;

Community food security initiatives and household food security initiatives were identified,

developed and supported;

Community facilities like, Ward committee offices and a community hall were established as a

service centre where the community could access government information and ICT services for

development purposes.

There was also an intervention from the Department of Education, where a Primary School and

High School were renovated. All the equipment needed for renovations were supplied by the

Department. Furthermore, the Department supplied a jungle gym to a community based crèche

to support Early Childhood Development.

Health facilities were made available since the mobile clinic that used to visit the community

weekly was made permanent.

There were sanitation projects and water borehole projects developed with the help of the

Department of Water Affairs.

The case study above can be used as a model when implementing the CRDP programme in other

Provinces and Emnambithi/Ladysmith in particular since it has with the Rural Development Strategy.

There are also CRDP interventions in the uMsinga and Vryheid area that are currently being

implemented. About four local Wards were targeted and the unemployed youth of the uMsinga area

were chosen to conduct community profiling on the targeted wards. Currently, the spatial analysis

has been completed and specifications for bulk water supply have been completed. Fencing

infrastructure plans for uMsinga have been completed and the electrification roll out plan is being

finalised. Irrigation infrastructure plans are also being rolled out. The next section will focus on the

status quos of Emnambithi/Ladysmith Local Municipality

2.10. CONCLUSION

This section first defined what is understood by the term ‘rural development’ in a South African

context and outlined the general characteristics of a rural area. It gave an overview of key factors

needed in promoting rural development, these factors include:

Local economic development;

Promotion of local markets;

Promotion of Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises;

Promotion of small scale agriculture;

Promotion of tourism and eco-tourism; and

Promotion of labour intensity.

All of the above key factors were discussed and named as part of the interventions that can help in

developing and strengthening the economy of the people residing in the rural areas.

The section further discussed the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP) and its

implementation as a government’s new intervention in speeding up rural development. The three

components of the CRDP programme were discussed, namely:

Agrarian transformation;


24

Rural development ; and

Land reform.

SECTION 3 THE STATUS QUO OF RURAL EMNAMBITHI

This section focuses on the socio-economic status of the population and economy of rural

Emnambithi/Ladysmith Local Municipality. More specifically this section will entail the identification,

profiling and analysis of the population and the socio-economic conditions that fall within rural areas

of Emnambithi Local Municipality. The purpose of this section is to help in the Municipality identify

the needs and constraints that tend to hinder rural development and eventually come up with

solutions. It concludes by giving a summary of needs required in rural development in Emnambithi.

3.1 OVERVIEW OF RURAL WARDS


25

The Emnambithi / Ladysmith Local Municipality spans an area of 3020km and covers the following

settlement areas: the former Ladysmith TLC area, including Steadville and Ezakheni, two settlements

administered by Abantungwa-Kolwa Traditional Authority, other settlements and privately owned

farmlands, including Roosboom, St Chads, Rantjiesvlakte, Roodpoort, Klienfontein, Klipfontein,

Doornhoek, Emgazini, Mathondwane, Driefontein, Kirkitullock,Watersmeet, Mtateni, Burford,

Watershed, Compensation, Hobsland, Matiwaneskop, Jononoskop, Besters, Bluebank, Elandlaagte,

Van Reenen, St Joseph’s Mission, Steincoalspruit, Fort Mistake, and Lusitania. Below, are types of

settlements that are there in rural Emnambithi.

Map 1: Emnambithi Ingonyama Trust land


26

Source: Emnambithi GIS Department

Tribal areas

The municipality has one tribal area, Abantungwa-Kolwa. This tribal area of the ELM covers a small

geographic area within the municipality. However, it is characterised by the highest population

densities in the municipality, with densities up to more than 500 people per square kilometre. It is

also characterised by lack of social, economic and bulk infrastructure coupled with an extremely

weak economy.


27

The area is classified as a secondary node in the municipal Spatial Development Framework that is

Driefontein Complex. There are also other Secondary Nodes which includes Matiwaneskop Complex,

Colenso Complex and Van Reenen. In the IDP the Driefontein Complex has been identified as an area

of priority spending by the municipality. The high population density in this area provides an

opportunity of infrastructure, rural development and social services. This predisposition of wards

that have high population density provides good conditions of where the Comprehensive Rural

Development Strategy can be implemented.


28


Farmlands

The farmlands cover a large extent of the municipal geographic area. Population densities are low in

the farmlands within up to 20 people per square kilometre ward 24,23,8 .Parts of ward 7 and 13

have significantly low densities of less the 5 people per kilometre square. The Comprehensive Rural

Development Strategy can also be implemented on such areas to help with poverty eradication and

improve the economic situation in rural areas.

Map 3: All the farmlands in Emnambithi


29


Urban areas

The urban areas of Ladysmith geographically occupy a very small area of the municipality. These

include the urban areas of Ladysmith, Ezakheni, Colenso, including iNkanyezi. However, these areas

are characterized by a high concentration of people as they provide high economic opportunities

and social services.


30

3.2 PROFILING THE RURAL WARDS

This paragraph gives a brief overview of status quo of rural Emnambithi and it further discusses the

social amenities that are there or not there in the rural areas. This is done to give an illustration how

the lack of resources could be turned into projects or opportunities in the rural areas.

Below is Table 1 which shows the total population which reside in the rural wards of Emnambithi.

Table1: Total number of population residing in rural wards of Emnambithi

Ward Population

13 9,611

14 9,930

15 7,978

16 8,588

17 10,810

18 8,190

19 8,077

20 15,584

23 8,623

24 12,304

Total 99,695

Source: Statistics South Africa-2001 Census.

Table 2 below then gives a thorough view of the status quos of rural wards in Emnambithi. It gives an

indication of the availability of public amenities like water and sanitation, transport and electricity.

Table 2: Statistic information and needs of rural wards of Emnambithi.

Ward

number

Statistic information

13 Population size and gender distribution Ward 13

Population group Total %


31

Black African 9,425 98

Coloured 9 0.09

Indian or Asian 3 0.03

White 174 1.81

Male 4,759 50

Female 4,852 50

Total 9,611 100

Source: Statistics South Africa-2001 Census

Approximately 9,611 out of 225 452 population reside in ward 13 and there is a 50%

balance between number of males and females.

Age group population Distribution Ward 13

Age group Total %

0-4 1,235 13

5-14 2,339 24.34

15-34 3,528 36.71

35-64 2108 21.93

65 and over 399 4.15

Total 9,611 100


Most residents here are aged 15-34 at a percentage of 36.71%, followed by those aged

between 5-14.This is a youth dominated ward.


32

Household Income Ward 13

Household income (p.a.) Total %

No income 662 31.81163

R1-R4 800 257 12.34983

R4 801- R9 600 459 22.0567

R9 601-R19 200 359 17.25132

R19 201-R38 400 186 8.938011

R38 401-R76 800 97 4.661221

R76 801-R153 600 42 2.01826

R153 601- R307 200 11 0.528592

R307 201- R614 400 3 0.144161

R614 401- R1 228800 0 0

R 1 228 801- R 2457 600 6 0.288323

R2 457 601 and more 0 0

Total 2,081 100


The percentage of people with no source of income is the highest here, whilst a vast

majority earns between R4801 and R9600.This maybe an indication that most of the

people in this rural ward depend on grant money to sustain themselves and therefore

there is a major need for the job-creation initiatives.

Employment status Ward 13


33

Employment Status %

Employed 14%

Unemployed 15%

Scholar or student 71%


The high percentage of economically inactive people is very high as it is evident that

this ward is dominated by the youth.

Education Ward 13

There are enough schools in this ward but they need to be upgraded and extended.

Health facilities Ward 13

There is a shortage of health facilities in this ward as only one clinic exists near

Watersmeet. More mobile clinics need to be deployed. A permanent clinic is also

recommended in Roosboom.

Transport Ward 13

There is a Provincial N3 and District N11 which passes through this ward, so there is a

regular need for the road to be well maintained. Access roads to rural households need

to be upgraded as they are in a poor condition. Taxis are the main mode of transport in

this area since it is characterised by the high rate of unemployment.

14 Population size Ward 14

Population Total %

Black African 9,927 99,97

Coloured 3 0,03

Indian or Asian 0 0

White 0 0


34

Male 4,710 47

Female 5,220 53

Total 9,930 100

Source: Statistics South Africa 2001 census

Females are the most dominant people in this ward with 53%, the approximate figure

of the Emnambithi Local Municipality is 225 452 of which 9,930 resides in ward 14.

Age group population distribution Ward 14

Age group Total %

0-4 1,202 12

5-14 2,477 24,94

15-34 3,488 35,13

35-64 2297 23,13

65 and over 466 4,69

Total 9,930 100


The highest percentage of people in this ward is between ages 15 and 34, which makes

this ward to be dominated with young people.


Household income Households %

No income 606 32,39

R1-R4 800 144 7,70


35

R4 801- R9 600 450 24,05

R9 601-R19 200 341 18,23

R19 201-R38 400 225 12,03

R38 401-R76 800 65 3,47

R76 801-R153 600 13 0,69

R153 601- R307 200 0 0

R307 201- R614 400 0 0

R614 401- R1 228800 9 0,48

R 1 228 801- R 2457

600

12 0,64

R2 457 601 and more 6 0,32

Total 1,871 100


Most people here fall within the region of no income at all ,whilst the majority of

earners are in the R4 801 and R9 600 spectrum which is below the minimum household

income per annum and the highest earning are at R2 457 601 or more region are at 0,3

%. The no income group imply that most people are dependent on government’s

grants.

Employment status (15-65 years) Ward 14

Employed 11%

Unemployed 23%

Not economically active 66%



36

Education Ward 14

There are only seven schools present in this ward and they need to be upgraded.


A clinic nearby is located more than 15 km away, there is a need to upgrade services

provided at this clinic. There is also a need for a mobile clinic to try and make health

facilities more accessible to people in the area.

Transport Ward 14

There is a provincial road P189 and district road D789 which provide access to the

ward, however it is in a bad condition and require regular maintenance.




Coloured 0 0

Indian or Asian 0 0

White 0 0

Male 3,700 46

Female 4,278 54

Total 7,978 100

Ward 15 is a home to 3,54% of 225 452 population residing in Emnambithi Local

Municipality of which 100% of those are black Africans and females are the highest

group with 54%.


Age group Total %


37

0-4 909 11,39

5-14 1878 23,54

15-34 2940 36,85

35-64 1896 23,77

65 and over 356 4,46

Total 7,978 100


The highest age group here are those between the ages 15-34 with 36%, then those

between 35-64 with 23, 77%.

Household income Ward 15

Household income

(p.a.)

Households %

No income 301 19,67

R1-R4 800 158 10,33

R4 801- R9 600 391 25,56

R9 601-R19 200 357 23,33

R19 201-R38 400 226 14,77

R38 401-R76 800 64 4,18

R76 801-R153 600 24 1,56

R153 601- R307 200 9 0,59

R307 201- R614 400 0 0


38

R614 401- R1 228800 0 0

R 1 228 801- R 2457 600 0 0

R2 457 601 and more 0 0

Total 1,530 100


Approximately 19, 67% of people in the ward have no source of income, and the

majority of the people earn between R4 801-R9 600 p.a.

Employment status (15-65 years) Ward 15

Employed 16%

Unemployed 22%



Research has shown that 16% of the people in this rural ward are employed, 22% is

unemployed and 62% of the people are economically inactive.

Education Ward 15

There are only three schools in the ward to service a huge number of pupils, this shows

that there is a need for another school in the ward.


The closest hospital is more than 20 km from this community which indicates there is a

great need for a clinic in this ward.

Transportation Ward 15

The existing road network is in a bad condition and taxis are the main mode of

transportation in the area.

16 Population size ward 16


39



Coloured 6 0,07

Indian or Asian 0 0

White 3 0,03

Male 4,058 47

Female 4,529 53

Total 8,588 100

Source: Statistics South Africa 2001

Approximately 3, 81 percent of the Emnambithi Local Municipality population which is

225 452 in total reside in ward 16 and females has the highest percentage of 53%.This

can be due to the fact that males relocate to urban areas in search of employment

opportunities and women are left behind to look after the children.


Age group Total %

0-4 989 11,52

5-14 2,237 26,05

15-34 3,162 36,82

35-64 1870 21,77

65 and over 330 3,84


40

Total 8,588 100


The highest age group is people aged between 15-34 with 36, 82 percent.


Household income (p.a.) Households Total

No income 465 29,51

R1-R4 800 216 13,71

R4 801- R9 600 414 26,27

R9 601-R19 200 254 16,11

R19 201-R38 400 139 8,82

R38 401-R76 800 62 3,93

R76 801-R153 600 18 1,14

R153 601- R307 200 6 0,38

R307 201- R614 400 3 0,19

R614 401- R1 228800 0 0

R 1 228 801- R 2457 600 0 0

R2 457 601 and more 0 0

Total 1,576 100


This household income table shows that the ‘no income’ group is the majority in ward

16 and females are the highest group.


41


Employment status (15-65 years)

Employed 13%

Unemployed 23%



Only 13% of the people are employed in ward 16. 23% of the people are

unemployed.64 % of the people is economically inactive.

Education ward 16

There are two educational facilities in this ward to cater for a larger amount of pupil. It

is evident that there is a shortage of schools in the area.

Health facilities ward 16

The closest hospital is located more than 20km away from the people, there is a great

need for at least a clinic in this area.

Transportation ward 16

The rural access roads are in a bad condition and need maintenance.


Population group Population Group Total


Coloured 15 0,14

Indian or Asian 0 0

White 0 0


42

Male 4,967 46

Female 5,843 54

Total 10,810


Ward 17 has a population density of 10,810 out of 225 452 population of the

Emnambithi Municipality of which 99, 86 % of those people are black Africans. Females

are the highest group of 54%.


Age group Total %

0-4 1,227 11

5-14 2,945 27

15-34 3,708 34

35-64 2407 22,27

65 and over 525 4,86

Total 10,810


The highest age group here are those between the ages of 15-34 with 40% while the

lowest has 4, 86%.


Household income (p.a.) Households %

No income 507 24,48

R1-R4 800 250 12,07


43

R4 801- R9 600 530 25,59

R9 601-R19 200 371 17,91

R19 201-R38 400 261 12,60

R38 401-R76 800 123 5,94

R76 801-R153 600 18 0,87

R153 601- R307 200 9 0,43

R307 201- R614 400 0 0

R614 401- R1 228800 0 0

R 1 228 801- R 2457 600 0 0

R2 457 601 and more 3 0,14

Total 2,071


The highest number of earning people in 17 are getting between R4 801 –R 9600 with

25, 59% percent and the region with the highest earners are in the region of R2 457 601

or more with 0, 14%.

Employment Status Ward 17

Employed 11%

Unemployed 18%



Education Ward 17


44

There is a need to of adding and upgrading schools in this ward since it has a large

population.

Health Ward 17

The closest hospital is more than 20 km away from the community which raises a need

for the clinic to be built around in the ward. This shows a need for a mobile clinic in the

area.


People use mainly public transport as a mode of transport. The access roads in the area

are gravel roads.

18 Population size



Coloured 3 0,37

Indian or Asian 0 0

White 0 0

Male 3,842 47

Female 4,348 53

Total 8,190


In ward 18 there are approximately 8,190 residents of which females are the highest

population group.

Age group population distribution

Age group Total %


45

0-4 936 11,43

5-14 2,089 26

15-34 2,887 35

35-64 1890 23,08

65 and over 392 4,79

Total 8,190


The table above shows that ward 18 is a youth dominated area as 35% of people living

there are aged between 15-35.

Household income levels


No income 561 34,89

R1-R4 800 125 7,77

R4 801- R9 600 404 25,12

R9 601-R19 200 250 15,55

R19 201-R38 400 181 11,26

R38 401-R76 800 76 4,73

R76 801-R153 600 9 0,56

R153 601- R307 200 3 0,19

R307 201- R614 400 0 0


46

R614 401- R1 228800 0 0

R 1 228 801- R 2457 600 0 0

R2 457 601 and more 0 0

Total 1,608


A large number of ward 18 population fall within the ‘no income’ region, whilst the

majority of earners are in the region of R4 801- R 9600.

Employment status

Employed 10%

Unemployed 19%



Education

There are six existing schools in the area, they just need to be upgraded and renovated.

Health

There is a Provincial clinic in Driefontein but it is not easily accessible since it is located

to far from the other people in the ward.

Transportation

The main road is in a fair condition but the rural access roads are in a bad condition.



47



Coloured 0 0

Indian or Asian 0 0

White 0 0

Male 3,766 47

Female 4,311 53

Total 8,077 100


8.077 population of the Emnambithi municipality reside in ward 19, which is 3, 58% of

the total population.


Age group Total %

0-4 961 26,61

5-14 2,149 27

15-34 2,697 33

35-64 1743 21,58

65 and over 528 6,53

Total 8,077 100


The above table gives an illustration that ward is a rural ward that has mainly young

people.


48



No income 585 35,18

R1-R4 800 212 12,74

R4 801- R9 600 451 27,12

R9 601-R19 200 256 15,39

R19 201-R38 400 118 7,09

R38 401-R76 800 33 1,98

R76 801-R153 600 9 0,54

R153 601- R307 200 0 0

R307 201- R614 400 0 0

R614 401- R1 228800 0 0

R 1 228 801- R 2457 600 0 0

R2 457 601 and more 0 0

Total 1,663 100


Ward 19 is a deep rural ward. The majority of people have no source of income, whilst

those who have income earn in the region of R4 801 and R9 600 spectrum. The highest

earners earn between R76 801 and R153 600.



49

Employed 7%

Unemployed 15%



This is one of the wards that require immediate rural economic development

intervention.

Education Ward 19

There are seven schools in this ward and they require good maintenance.


There is a Kleinfontein Provincial Clinic but is located far from the community. A mobile

clinic can be of great help.

Transport Ward 19

Roads are in a bad state and buses are the main mode of transport in this area.




Coloured 172 1,10

Indian or Asian 3,642 23

White 27 0,17

Male 7,420 48

Female 8,164 52

Total 15,584 100


50


There are about 15,584 people residing in ward 20. This ward is semi-urban and semi –

rural. The female are the ones who are most dominating in this ward.

Age group population Distribution

Age group Total %

0-4 1,697 11

5-14 3,490 22

15-34 5,840 37

35-64 4,065 26

65 and over 494 3,17

Total 15,584 100


The above table shows that in ward 20 in a youthful ward since the youth make up 37%

while elderly people make up 3, 17%.

Household income


No income 937 25,49

R1-R4 800 323 8,77

R4 801- R9 600 599 16,29

R9 601-R19 200 527 14,34

R19 201-R38 400 512 13,93


51

R38 401-R76 800 424 11,53

R76 801-R153 600 280 7,62

R153 601- R307 200 53 1,44

R307 201- R614 400 12 0,33

R614 401- R1 228800 6 0,16

R 1 228 801- R 2457 600 3 0,08

R2 457 601 and more 0 0

Total 3,676 100

Most people in the ward fall within the region of having no income whilst the majority

of earners are in the region of R4 801 and R9 600.

Education Ward 20

There are five schools in the area, however not enough to serve the numbers of

population residing in ward 20.


There is one provincial clinic on the periphery of the Ward which is too far for the

whole community to utilise.


Most of the roads in this ward are gravel and taxis are the main mode of transportation




Coloured 3 0,34


52

Indian or Asian 0 0

White 0 0

Male 3,986 46

Female 4,637 54

Total 8,623 100


Approximately 8,623 out of 225 452 of the population reside in ward 23.There is 54% of

females residing in the area.

Age group population distribution ward 23

Age group Total %

0-4 1,180 15,07

5-14 1,188 15,17

15-34 2,860 37

35-64 2159 27,57

65 and over 444 5,67

Total 7,831 100


The highest age groups here are the youth which consists of 37%.



No income 669 41,97


53

R1-R4 800 97 6,08

R4 801- R9 600 495 31,05

R9 601-R19 200 227 14,24

R19 201-R38 400 76 4,77

R38 401-R76 800 18 1,13

R76 801-R153 600 12 0,75

R153 601- R307 200 0 0

R307 201- R614 400 0 0

R614 401- R1 228800 0 0

R 1 228 801- R 2457 600 0 0

R2 457 601 and more 0 0

Total 1,594 100


Most residents in ward 23 earn between R4 801 and R9 600 per annum as it appears on

the above household table. Approximately 41, 97% of the population do not have any

income.


Employment status %

Employed 6

Unemployed 19

Not economically active 74


54


Research has shown that 74% of the population group is unemployed which poses a

problem to rural development. The new Comprehensive Rural Development

Programme must create initiatives to address unemployment.

Education Ward 23

There are seven schools in the ward of which two of them are high schools. The high

schools are located far.


There is one Provincial clinic in ward 23 (Matiwaneskop) which caters for more than

eight thousand people.


There are only gravel roads in this ward.

Ward 24 Population size and gender distribution Ward 24



Coloured 57 46,33

Indian or Asian 0 0

White 224 1.8

Male 5,999 49

Female 6,306 51

Total 12,304 100


Ward 24 is the second large ward in terms of population distribution as it has

approximately 12,304 people residing in this ward.


55

Age group population distribution

Age group Total %

0-4 1,535 12

5-14 3,337 27

15-34 4,101 33.3

35-64 2687 21.8

65 and over 643 5.23

Total 12,304 100


The largest age group in ward 24 is 15 to 34, hence this is a youthful ward.

Household income

Household income (p.a.) households %

No income 726 28,58

R1-R4 800 365 14,37

R4 801- R9 600 783 30,83

R9 601-R19 200 383 15,08

R19 201-R38 400 170 6,69

R38 401-R76 800 74 2,91

R76 801-R153 600 25 0,98


56

R153 601- R307 200 9 0,35

R307 201- R614 400 6 0,24

R614 401- R1 228800 0 0

R 1 228 801- R 2457 600 0 0

R2 457 601 and more 0 0

Total 2,540 100


There are quite a number of people earning between R4 801 and R9 600 per annum

which is followed by people who have no income. This has been dominant in every

ward profiling; it indicates that there is a need for the government to support local

economic development in rural areas.

Employment status %

Employed 33

Unemployed 6

Not economically active 61


The above figures indicate that there are many people who are unemployed in ward 24.

Education Ward 24

There are a number of existing educational facilities in the ward which make a total of

nine schools, they only need to be renovated.


There is not even one health facility in this ward, the closest hospital is more than 60km

away hence a clinic is needed in ward 24.


57


The access roads in the ward are in a very poor condition. Vans and taxis are the two

main modes of transport.


58

3.3 SWOT ANALYSIS OF RURAL EMNAMBITHI/LADYSMITH.

The SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project. It involves

specifying the objective of the project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favourable and unfavourable to achieve that objective.

Identification of SWOTs is essential because subsequent steps in the process of planning for achievement of the selected objective may be derived from the

SWOTs. Below are the common and general Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats that were found in most rural areas of Emnambithi.

The table below provides the SWOT analysis of each rural ward in Emnambithi /Ladysmith Municipality. The SWOT analysis was informed by the five

workshops that were held in rural wards and the information from the tables on the previous section.

Ward

number

Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

Ward 13 There are many community

development cooperatives

There is enough water for

human consumption and

electricity in the area

There are tourism

opportunities in the ward

There is an Apollo light

mini-factory

Lack of commitment

from the community.

Lack of skills

development and

capacity.

Scattered community

households makes

communication

breakdown.

More agricultural farming can be done since

there is plenty of land available

There is a plot for a fresh produce market

already in place.

There is a market for sewing since there are

schools in the area they can buy school

uniforms from sewing coops.

There is an opportunity for soil mining since

there is good soil for mining purposes.

Tourism development projects

Piggery projects

There is not enough job creation

opportunities in the area

Lack of maintenance of infrastructure

Not enough water for irrigation

purposes

Rehabilitation of Dongas

Upgrading of Public Transport System

Upgrading Social facilities

Construction of clinic in Roosboom.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project


59

Ward

number


Sweet potatoes projects

There are no skills developments for the

youth in the area.

There is a need for rural transportation

program.

There is a scarcity of crèches in the area.

There are no shopping centres in the ward

Ward 14

There is a vast area for

agricultural development.

There are major

commercial agriculture

activities taking place.

There are also spazas in the

area.

There is a river in the area

which can help in irrigating

Rate of unemployment

is high.

There is a need for

provision of proper

sanitation and clean

water.

Upgrade and

maintenance of roads

in Hobsland-Manzini,

Shayingubu, Burdford-

Sand mining is practised in the area but

needs to be formalised in terms of training

people how to make bricks.

There are already existing coops which are

involved in sewing school uniforms for

Ntsungulu Lower Primary School and Ndalela

High School.

There is soup kitchen project for the orphans

and child headed.

There are two type of clay soil in the area,

The high rate of crime in the area is a

threat.

Access roads are in a bad state.

Health care facilities need to be

developed in Burdfod-Esidakeni and

Nomveku.

The seven schools in the area need to

be upgraded.


60

Ward

number


part of the community

gardening projects

Ezitendeni.

There is a need for skills

development for the

unemployed youth in

the ward.

There are no tarred

roads in the ward

There is a need for a

police station and a

library.

maybe tourists can be interested to see this.

There is a mountain where the beading

products are planted, and there is also a

fountain that can form part of tourist

attraction.

People need to be capacitated in order to

fruitfully utilise the land acquired through

the land reform programme.

Ward 15

The area has a good

potential for agricultural

farming.

There is a river in this ward

which can be useful when it

comes to irrigation.

There is no clinic in the

area of Peacetown and

Kirkintulloch.

There is no electricity in

the following areas,

Dark city and

Gudlintaba.

There sand in the area that opens an

opportunity to start brick-making

opportunities.

The whole area is under Abantungwa Kholwa

Traditional Authority and there is vacant

land that can assist in Housing Development

Projects.

The settlements in this ward are largely

dispersed which makes it hard to

provide all the social amenities.

The clinic is located very far from the

community, a mobile clinic that will visit

the area regularly is recommended.


61

Ward

number


There are no RDP

houses in the ward.

There is quite a number

of unemployed youth in

the area.

Ward 16

Ward 16 has many coops

which are self-sustainable.

There is enough land for

agricultural farming.

There is clay soil which is

good for building purposes.

There is a river which is

good for irrigation of plants.

Lack of skills

development

Poor accessibility to

government

programmes and

funding.

There is a crèche in

Egcizela but it is not in

a good condition.

There is a clinic in the

ward but located too

far from the

There is enough land for agricultural

purposes but because of lack of knowledge,

it cannot be used to its full potential.

The area is good for goat and cattle farming,

the vision for this ward is to supply their

product locally and even abroad.

There is a potential for sweet chillies farming

and aloe products.

Establishment of major coops which include

stock farming and ploughing.

High rates of crime

There are only two schools in this ward

which are not adequate in servicing the

whole ward.

There is a high rate of unemployment in

the ward which indicates a need for

forming coops and youth skills

development centre.


62

Ward

number


The access roads are in

a bad state and needs

to be maintained.

There are often power

outages in the area and

it is negatively affecting

the community.

The water from the

river, which people

drink is contaminated,

therefore there is a

need for proper

sanitation.


community hall in

Egcizeni


clinic in Peacetown,

Mashiselweni.


63

Ward

number


Ward 17 There is a lot of vacant land

which can be utilised for

both agricultural purposes

and development


clinic in the ward

Water and electricity

supply is very poor in

the ward.

There are no skills

development centres

for the unemployed

youth in the area.

Most of the land belong to Abantungwa

Kholwa Tribal Authority and can help in RDP

housing projects.

The land can also be used when building a

skills development centre for the

unemployed youth in the ward.

There is a high level of crime in the

ward.

Since the community is widely

dispersed it makes it more expensive to

provide social amenities.

Ward 18 There is provincial clinic

in Driefontein and most

of the people in the

ward cannot access it

because it is too far.

The police station is

located too far from

There are quite a number of community

based projects but they do not have skills on

how to acquire funding and other

equipments to grow and boost their projects

There is a high rate of crime.

Most of the coops are falling apart

because they lack support and

knowledge mostly on how to manage

their finances


64

Ward

number


the community and

there is a need for a

satellite police station

that will be located

closer to the people.

There is a high rate of

unemployment in the

ward.

There is a need for RDP

housing development

projects in Emaswazini,

Emathuneni and in

Ntuthwini.

Ward 19 There are adequate schools

in the ward

There is land for agriculture

The roads are in a bad

state they require

maintenance.

People lack skills and

Establishment of mini factories to generate

employment opportunities.

There are dongas in the area

Most of the cooperatives have

collapsed in the ward.


65

Ward

number


available.

There many cooperatives in

the area but you find

conflict arising in these

cooperatives

knowledge which

hinders them to take

part in building their

own economy.

The issue of land

reform is also an issue

in this ward.

Grazing lands are not

fenced which often

leads to animal theft.

.

There needs to be skills development centres

where the youth can acquire skills for them

to participate in developing their own

economy.

Upgrade Public transport System.

Formation of organised cooperatives.

There is a river running in this ward and

there are wetlands, which can be a tourism

attraction

Land reform is still an issue and it tends

to hinder community development.

There is a lack of water and electricity in

the area.

Many young people cannot afford

tertiary education, so there are few

professionals in this ward

Increasing rate of crime due to high rate

of unemployment.

Ward 20 There is good quality sand

for brick-making projects

There is lot of agricultural

farming practised in St

Chad’s.

Most of the population in

this ward has clean water

and sanitation, they also

There are five schools

in the ward and they

are not enough for the

community they serve

The ward has one

health facility and

requires a mobile clinic

There is a RDP Housing in Ndomba.

There is an opportunity for poultry farming

in the ward.

There is an opportunity to initiate more

coops in order to include people in the rural

Lack of access to funding for coops who

want to grow their businesses.

Some of the access roads are in a poor

condition and they become more

problematic when it is raining.


66

Ward

number


have electricity.

which can cater to

those who live too far

from the clinic.

areas in developing their own economy.

There is a river in the area and an open

space which can serve a park which can

attract visitors

Ward 23 The ward has plenty of

vacant land which can be

used for housing

development projects.

There is a river which adds

value as an irrigation

system.

There is not enough

water and electricity in

the area.

The roads are in a bad

state and most of them

are gravel, there is a

need for them to be

upgraded in order for

easy access for

ambulances and mobile

clinics to the ward.

Availability of grazing land

Since there is plenty of land available in the

ward, a housing project is recommended.

Youth skills training centre can create

employment opportunities for many

unemployed youth in the area.

There is a river in the ward, which can help

small scale farmers when irrigating.

Lack of public amenities.

High rate of crime in the area.

There is a lack of public amenities like

water and electricity in most areas in

Ward 23.


67

Ward

number



sport ground in

Jononoskop.


crèche in Jononoskop.


pedestrian bridge in

Matiwane, Emdutshini.

Ward 24 There is a lot of commercial

and subsistence farming

happening in the ward.

There is river in the ward

that helps with irrigation of

the farms.

The access roads are in

a very poor condition.

There is a need for foot

bridge in Matiwane and

Endingeni.

Development of a sports complex.

Community gardens at Endingeni require

support in terms of fencing, farming material

and seeds.

There is a need to upgrade roads in

Lack of skills and capacity building for

the unemployed youth in the area.

There is a high rate of crime.

The public transport system needs to be

upgraded.


68

Ward

number


Most of the people in the

ward have access to public

amenities.

There is a need for a Multi-

purpose centre in

Baldarskraal.

Lot of people do not

have access to land

since the land is owned

by farmers.

Endingeni, Baldarskraal, Fort Mistake and

Enkunzi.

There is an opportunity for land reform

system so that people can have access to

land.

There is an opportunity for the KZN

Transport Zibambele programme to be

implemented in this ward.


69

3.4. SUMMARY SWOT FOR RURAL EMNAMBITHI

This section gives a summary of the SWOT Analysis of all the rural wards in Emnambithi. It gives a

reflection on what the people of rural Emnambithi require to be also economically active in their

own areas.

Strengths

Emnambithi/ Ladysmith Municipality is strategically located between JHB &DBN.

Pro-active municipality

Lots of available land for development

Local Airport

Good road linkages (N3,N11)

Positive policing

Besters Land Reform Cluster: this project were initiated by the Department of Land affairs and

funded by both the Department of Land Affairs and Department of Agriculture. The new farmers

are cattle farmers and are mentored by 2 young commercial farmers. ESKOM Foundation

indicated that they are willing to fund a dairy. The Emnambithi Local Municipality is in the

process of registering the farmers in a Coop and compiling a business plan.

A nursery was established for deciduous fruit at Roosboom where inter-alia fruit trees will be

promulgated as well.

The municipality is proving infrastructure to most of rural farming areas especially to the

constructing and maintaining roads.

Weaknesses

Lack of rural development initiatives.

Weak cooperation & communication between local and District Municipalities.

Land owned by the Ingonyama Trust is a constraint on development.

Lack of basic services like water and proper sanitation, electricity, proper health care in the rural

areas of Emnambithi.

Lack of Youth Skills Training Centres for the unemployed youth in the rural areas.

Lack of agricultural infrastructure like irrigation systems, dipping tanks, tractors, seedlings,

fencing for agricultural crops and animals.

Implementation of policies, strategies and related to rural development.

Access to finance for businesses and skills training for rural SMME’s and Small Scale farmers.

Lack of a transport plan in rural areas.

Land ownership in the rural areas is mostly unknown.

Unemployment and grant /social security services dependency in people in rural areas.

Lack of art & cultural support which includes tourism and ecotourism.

Shortage of information for development strategies in the rural areas.

Ineffective communication between the Municipality and representatives of rural communities.

Opportunities

In most rural wards, there is land available for development and for agricultural purposes.


70

Promoting local markets for people in rural areas.

Development and implementation of a Rural Development Strategy.

Promoting small scale farmers ,small businesses are an important ingredient for income

generation in rural areas

Promoting Tourism and ecotourism in rural areas through training unemployed youth in the

rural areas to become tour guards.

Promoting SMME’s through funding and skills training and development.

Promoting agricultural community projects.

Threats

Capacity of rural development

Lack of funding for promoting local markets, SMME’s, Tourism and Ecotourism.

Community participation since the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme requires the

community to participate in building their own economy.

Lack of infrastructure /services and skills in rural areas.

Intergovernmental relations including a lack of cooperation and co-ordination.

There is no Agri desk. The coordination initiatives and interventions are done by the LED Section

of the Department of Economic Development and Planning.

With the entire SWOT analysis that has been conducted above, the information received will then be

translated into projects. The list below gives an illustration of the goals, sub-objectives and then the

projects identified.

3.5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This section focused on the socio-economic conditions that are currently experienced by people

living in the rural areas of Emnambithi/Ladysmith Local Municipality. It started by describing rural

Emnambithi in terms of population, age profile, household profile and education levels. The section

further explained the infrastructure that is available / not available to rural people. These

infrastructures include water and sanitation, road/transport services and electricity.

The following issues were identified in the local municipality that require attention:

31% of households still uses candles for lighting

46% of households use a pit latrine ablution system;

35% of households reside in traditional structure (hut/structure made from traditional

materials);and

27% of households have access water on a community stand while 21% still access water from

boreholes/rainwater tanks/wells and dams/rivers/streams/springs.

The above mentioned information then gives an indication where the Municipality needs to focus on

when implementing the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme in the rural areas. The

section then discusses the types of settlements in Emnambithi Local Municipality which are tribal

areas, farmlands and urban areas.


71

The SWOT analysis indicated that one of the ways to promote development is to develop and

implement a Rural Development Strategy and promoting rural SMME’s and small scale farmers. The

SWOT Analysis also indicated the following:

The need to integrate strategies that focuses of rural communities with those focused on

improving places.

The need to reduce local and regional disparities (poverty, social, public, and economic

infrastructure which includes unemployment).

The need to ensure meaningful community participation, leadership and ownership in change

efforts.

The section touched on the economic profile of Emnambithi, focusing more on the employment

status of the local municipality. The Quantec survey indicates that 32.7 % of the people in

Emnambithi/Ladysmith Local Municipality are unemployed. This shows that there is a crucial need

for municipality to implement programmes that will decrease the rate of unemployment through

the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme.

On the table of projects there are projects that will have a multiplier effect on improving the lives of

the people in each community ward and can be implemented in a short space of time. It is important

to identify these projects as key projects. It is recommended that the municipality facilitate the

development of feasibility studies and business plans for the key projects at least two per ward. The

municipality will therefore be of monitoring and evaluating these key projects is they have been

implemented.

The following section discusses the formulation of the Rural Development Strategy from the SWOT

Analysis and the projects that projects identified.


72

SECTION 4 STRATEGY FORMULATION

This section focuses on the formulation a Rural Development Strategy which is informed by the five

workshops that were conducted in Emnambithi /Ladysmith Local Municipality. The strategy is also

based from the government’s Medium Term Strategic Framework and is in line with the

Comprehensive Rural Development Programme.

The section further discusses the identification of critical stakeholders that are needed in

implementing the Rural Development Strategy and the Comprehensive Rural Development

Programme successfully. It concludes by giving recommendations on implementing the Rural

Development Strategy.

4.1 THE NATIONAL MEDIUM TERM STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK

The basic thrust of MTSF 2009 – 2014 is to improve the conditions of life of all South Africans and

contribute to building a better Africa and a better world. The MTSF outlines 10 strategic priorities.

The CRDP arises from the strategic objective number 3: comprehensive rural development strategy

linked to land and agrarian reform and food security. The MTSF has further stated that the CRDP will

include the following elements:

Aggressive implementation of land reform policies.

Stimulate agricultural production with a view to contributing to food security.

Rural livelihoods and food security.

Improve service delivery to ensure quality of life.

Implement a development programme for rural transport system.

Skills development.

Revitalisation of rural towns.

Explore and support non-farm economic activities.

Institutional capacity development.

Cooperative development.

Illiteracy in rural areas.

The MTSF further states that “given the variety of interventions straddling virtually all areas of public

policy, the implementation of this strategy will enjoy leadership at executive level, with the primary

focus being to coordinate government interventions across all sectors and agencies.”4

4 Minister in the Presidency (Planning), Together doing more and better: Medium Term Strategic Framework A

Framework to Guide Government’s Programme in the Electoral Mandate Period (2009 – 2014), July 2009


73

4.2 CRITICAL STAKEHOLDERS (STRATEGY REFINEMENT, POLICY AND BUDGETARY

ALIGNMENT, PROGRAMME AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IMPLEMENTATION

PLANNING).

The CRDP is a programme that transcends the conventional organisational boundaries in planning,

budgeting and implementation, resulting in a number of departments/agencies/ministries

responsible for different aspects of the programme. Programme and project management and

operational and strategic leadership will therefore become key components in the implementation

of the CRDP. In playing its coordinating role, it is important that the Department of Rural

Development and Land Reform recognise the principles of cooperative governance and the

provisions of the Intergovernmental Relations Framework Act, 2005. Partnering protocols will also

be initiated so that clear roles and responsibilities are defined. The protocols will also ensure joint

accountability for the implementation of the CRDP priorities.

The following sectors are seen as critical stakeholders:

Stakeholder Areas of Responsibility

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Extension, Land-care, Comprehensive

Agricultural Support Programme, etc.

Water and Environmental Affairs Domestic and irrigation water; National Action

Plan to combat desertification and land

degradation and other environmental

initiatives

Human Settlements Rural housing and sanitation;

Department of Transport- Rural transport strategy (e.g. Shova Kalula

programme has already contributed bicycles to

the Muyexe pilot)

Department of Public Works Expanded Public Works Programme


74

Department of Trade and Industry Cooperatives Development

Home Affairs, Social Development Identity documents and social cohesion

Communities Organisations and leadership;

Traditional Institutions Strategic support;

Municipalities Integrated Development Plans and strategic

institutional support

Relevant Provincial Departments Improved services for rural areas and strategic

institutional support. Others identified as per

development need

4.2.1 CRDP COUNCIL OF STAKEHOLDERS

A Council of Stakeholders (COS) consisting of members of Community Based Organisations (CBOs)

and forums, civic organisations, government sector departments and other private sector

institutions, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and traditional institutions should be

established. The Council of Stakeholders will enforce compliance with the conditionalities for the

State’s support to the CRDP beneficiaries and ensure compliance to the agreed code of conduct and

see to the implementation of the disciplinary codes. It will also support the disciplinary panel in the

implementation of the codes and be responsible for planning and implementation of projects

together with the CRDP technical committees.

4.2.2 CRDP TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

The technical committee will implement decisions undertaken by the COS. These committees will

comprise provincial sector departments and other partners. They will primarily have a project

management role and their composition will be dependent on the type of projects that will be

implemented for a particular area.

The following sectors/organisations/resource persons will aid in social and technical facilitation:

Department of Rural Development and Land Reform

Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Community Development Workers

Soil technicians

Spatial planners


75

Engineers

Others identified as per development need

4.2.3 STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS

Operational Groups of twenty Co-operatives/enterprises with the view of better co-ordination,

collaboration, commitment and effectiveness and to ensure that households have technical people

to train them and to create job opportunities. Jobs will be created where one member of the

household will be employed on a two year contract .The households will be profiled to determine

their needs and to decide who will be employed. Where certain skills are lacking, the support of the

Department of Labour and Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETAS) and other relevant

stakeholders will be sought to train the household representatives.

The following sectors/organisations are currently recognised as strategic partners:

Relevant Government Departments

Development Bank of Southern Africa

Independent Development Trust and other state-Owned Enterprises

Non-governmental organisations

Land Bank and other development financial institutions

Commercial banks

Others identified as per development need.

4.3 VISION, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

This section deals with the initial vision, goals and objectives of the Rural Development Strategy of

Emnambithi Ladysmith Municipality.

4.3.1 Vision

The vision of the Rural Development Strategy in Emnambithi concentrates on the future of the

people residing in the rural areas and provides a clear decision-making criterion. The vision of the

Rural Development Strategy state that: ‘The rural areas will in future provide a framework where

rural people and the municipality, together with integrated government departments, can create,

engage, facilitate and promote projects that will economically enhance the livelihoods of people

living in the rural areas and create growing and sustainable rural economies and social cohesion’.

4.3.2 Goals and Objectives

A goal provides a direction on how the vision can be achieved and the objectives act as a direction of

how the goals can be achieved The goals of the Rural Development Strategy in Emnambithi are as

follows:


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Goals Objectives

1. Create sustainable job opportunities in

the rural areas

1.1 To support and train the unemployed youth in the

rural areas.

1.2 To empower the youth to become entrepreneurs.

2. Provide skills development and

training in the rural communities.

2.1 To support SMME’s and Co-ops by proving access

to funding and local markets, and skills

development and training.

2.2 To decrease the rate of urbanisation and create

employment in the rural areas.

3. Promotion of agrarian

transformation.

3.1To promote food security in the rural areas.

3.2 To expand subsistence farming into the local

market.

3.3 to facilitate secure access to land by farm dwellers.

4. Promotion of land reform processes.

4.1 To facilitate land reform claims.

4.2 To help small scale farmers acquire land

and become big businesses

5. Create an environment conducive to

both economic and social growth in

the rural communities

5.1 To encourage private sector investments in the

rural areas.

5.2 To provide the necessary social infrastructure.

5.3 To improve service delivery to ensure quality of life.

4.4 CONCLUSION

It is important to note that for the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme and for the

Emnambithi Rural Development Strategy to be implemented the Emnambithi Municipality and other

local departments need to work together with the people residing in the rural areas. The

Emnambithi Municipality should also work together with local businesses and Civil Society

Organisations for the Rural Development Strategy to be adopted and implemented.


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This section discussed about the Strategic Formulation of the Rural Development Strategy and

named rural development as the third priority in the government’s National Medium Term Strategic

Framework. Critical stakeholders like the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries,

Department of Human Settlements, Department of Transport and other various departments must

be involved in the implementation of CRDP.

It is also important to formulate a Council of Stakeholders and the CRDP Technical Committee that

will oversee successful implementation of the CRDP. The section Concludes by discussing the Vision,

Goals and Objectives of the Rural Development Strategy. The following section gives in detail the

implementation of the projects that were identified through the SWOT Analysis.


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SECTION 5 IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK

This section gives an indication of the projects that were identified during the five workshops and

the SWOT analysis of Emnambithi rural areas. These projects were identified by the people residing

in the rural areas of Emnambithi and these projects addresses the three important pillars of the

Comprehensive Rural Development Programme. These pillars are: Agrarian transformation, rural

Development and Land reform. From the project identified, anchor projects will be selected.

5.1. RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY PROJECT IDENTIFICATION

The list of project below speaks to the needs of people residing in the rural areas of Emnambithi. The

project list includes the projects identified per ward area. Below is the table of all the projects that

were identified in Emnambithi.


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Emnambithi/Ladysmith Municipality - Rural Development Strategy Project List: March 2010

Goals No Locality: ward number Projects

Agrarian

Transformation (sub-

objective is facilitating

the establishment of

business initiatives

rural and agro-

industries,

cooperatives, cultural

initiatives and vibrant

local markets).

1 Ward 13 Installation of dipping tanks

2 Ward 13 Investigate the implementation of Community gardens in Brickfield are in need of funding,

seeds and fencing.

3 Ward 13 Provide funding for Production and marketing stalls, there is already a plot allocated for

fresh produce market for small scale farmers.

4 In all rural wards Provision of capacity building for small scale farmers who have acquired the land through

land reform system in all rural wards where land reform processes has been finished.

5 In all rural wards There must be a piggery farming initiative investigated.

6 In all rural wards There needs to be sweet potato farming

7 Ward 13 and 14 Soil/ sand mining opportunities need to be investigated since they can also open

opportunities for brick-making projects.


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8 Ward 13 and all rural

wards

Development of grazing land and that grazing land need to be fenced. Most cattle in

Roosboom are hit by cars and they get stolen because there is no proper fenced grazing

land. The people have already identified Mouren's farm as a good place for grazing.

9 In all rural wards Development of agri-processing plants for rural people.

10 Ward 16 Supporting and mentoring of small scale agricultural farmers who are involved in the

planting of sweet chillies.

11 Ward 16 Supporting and mentoring for goat farming.

12 Ward 15 Promoting utilisation of land since there is vast land for agricultural farming

13 Ward 19 Fast-tracking land reform processes

14 Ward 19 Investigate planting of mushrooms

15 Ward 17 Support the farming of aloe plants and have a processing plant for aloe production

16 Ward 24 Provision of cattle dips in Endingeni

Rural development 17 In all rural wards Improvement of social facilities like a water, electricity and proper sanitation.


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(sub-objective is

improvement or

development of

economic

infrastructure and

improvement and

development of social

infrastructure.)

18 In all rural wards Investigate the development of a wholesale clothes trading facility (market?) in rural areas.

19 Ward 23 Aloe and Berg Tea production is needed so as to increas job opprtunities for unemployed

people in rural areas.

20 In all rural wards Investigate the development of warehouse/mini-factories for SMME’s.

21 In all rural wards Creation of skills development facilities for unemployed youth and thereby decreasing the

level of crime.

22 In all rural wards Facilitate accessibility to government programmes and funding.

23 Ward 13 Facilitate the renovation of the crèche in Gcizela

24 In all rural wards Provide mobile clinics where clinics are located too far from the community.

25 In all rural wards Maintenance of all rural access roads.

26 Ward13 There are often power outages in the area and it is negatively affecting the community.

27 In all rural wards Identifying and supporting tourism and ecotourism initiatives like Mbulwane Battlefields in

ward 16 to be promoted as a tourist destination.


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28 Ward 13 Establishment of a community hall in Egcizeni.

29 Ward 15 There is a need for a resourced health clinic in Peacetown, Mashiselweni.

30 Ward 22 &23 and most

rural wards

Provision of communal sanitation and ablution systems, showers, toilets for improved

health in ward 22 and 23 but also in most rural wards.

31 In every rural school Creation of rural libraries for developing and improving the level of illiteracy in rural areas.

32 In all rural wards Rehabilitation of schools in the rural areas to become centres of excellence.

33 In all rural wards Development of ABET centers for capacity building for elderly people in each rural ward and

at least one skills development training centre for the unemployed youth in the rural areas.

34 Ward 23 Investigate the creation of Apollo lights mini factories.

35 Ward 15 Development of health care clinics in Peacetown and Kirkintulloch.

36 Ward 15 Provision of electricity in Gudlintaba and Dark city

37 Ward 14 Upgrading and maintenance of roads in Hobsland-Manzini, Shayangubu,Burdford-Ezitendeni


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38 Ward 14 Providing support to already existing coops whish are sewing school uniforms for Ntsungulu

Lower Primary and Ndalela High school

39 In all rural wards Establishment of RDP houses.

40 Ward 19 Upgrading of public transport system.

41 in ward 22 Provision of a crèche and a police station in St Chad's.

42 Ward 24 Provision of electricity since approximately 29% of the population has access to electricity.

43 In all rural wards Construction and upgrading of foot bridges.

44 Ward 17 Construction of a clinic in Driefonteinin Mathondwana and construction of a crèche in

Driefontein ,Mtateni

44 Ward 24 Provision of a crèche in Entuthwini.

45 Ward 24 Construction of a police station to cater for the needs of everyone in the ward.

46 Ward 18 Provision of clean water and sanitation.


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48 Ward 24 Establishment of a Multi-purpose centre in Baldarskrall.

48 Ward 24 Construction of health care facility since the closest hospital is more than 60 km

Land reform(sub-

objective is to address

the injustices of

racially-based land

dispossession

,inequitable

distribution of land

ownership and the

need to administer

public land in an

effective manner.)

49 Ward 13 There are plenty of labour tenants and that needs to be a addressed through land reform

programme. There are already three gazzeted land claims in this ward.

50 Ward 14

on the southern part of the ward and almost half of the land of this ward belong to

Abantungwa-Kholwa Tribal Authority, which imposes to ward 15 and 16 and the rest is

farms but have land claims on them

51 Ward 15 Establishment of 1500 rural housing projects proposed.

52 Ward 16 Establishment of 2000 rural housing projects proposed.

53 Ward 17

The land for housing projects has been identified and establishment of the housing needs to

start.

54 Ward 19

Promote RDP housing project in Kliefontien-there are 800 rural housing projects proposed.

In Randjiesvlakte 350 housing projects proposed, in Roodepoort -20 housing projects has

been proposed, in Watershed 380 housing project has been proposed and in Sinayi there

are 80 housing projects proposed.


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55 In all rural wards

Promote the release of Ingonyama Trust land for development in most rural areas which

leads to equitable distribution of land ownership.


Promote reviewing of land acquisition processes focusing on value for money for each

hectare of land bought in most rural wards.

57 In all rural wards Promote effective development and mentoring of land reform beneficiaries.


Protecting the land rights of farm workers and creating decent jobs on farms in most rural

wards

59 In all rural wards Developing agri-villages for local economic development on rural farms.


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5.2 ANCHOR PROJECTS

Based on an assessment of the above projects by the applying the following evaluation criteria

anchor projects were identified:

The sustainability of the project.

The multiplier effect of the project across boundaries.

The potential size and impact of the project.

The employment creation potential of the project.

The spatial distribution of benefits.

List of Anchor projects

1. Creation of a programme for entrepreneurship development in the rural areas.

2. In Ward 13: The establishment of a Fresh Produce market.

3. In ward 23: The establishment of Apollo light mini-factory.

4. In ward 16: Production of sweet chillies.

5. In ward 17 and ward 23; Establishment of an Aloe and Berg tea production and their processing

plant.

6. In ward 18: Establishment of a wholesale trading market.

7. In ward 24: Establishment of a multi-purpose centre for trading and skills development.

8 Across all wards: Develop a programme for agricultural infrastructure i.e. (dipping tanks, fencing,

irrigation schemes, etc)

9. Across all wards: Develop a programme for service delivery in rural areas i.e. (water, electricity,

access roads, etc) and social services i.e. (crèches, community halls, clinics, etc).

Below is a list of the identified Anchor projects in which they are described in terms of

implementation, budget and programme, relevant goals and objective.


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Anchor projects identification and implementation

Project number 1: Creation of entrepreneurship development

GENERAL PROJECT INFORMATION:

Project type: Medium-term Sector:

Economic

development

Responsibility:

Emnambithi

Municipality

Municipal Area:

Emnambithi (across all

rural wards)

Priority: High

DESCRIPTION

Entrepreneurship development is the process of providing individuals with the concepts and skills to

recognise business opportunities that others have overlooked and to have the insight, self-esteem

and knowledge to act where others have hesitated. There is a high number of unemployed youth in

the rural areas, it is therefore critical to develop such a programme or culture of entrepreneurship

for addressing rural development in the rural areas in a holistic manner. The Emnambithi

Municipality can facilitate the development of entrepreneurship through including entrepreneurship

education in their education system i.e. from primary to high schools. This will help in developing the

culture of empowerment the youth can themselves become employers.

BUDGET AND PROGRAMME:

Capital Budget To be determined

Funding Source (s)

Emnambithi

Municipality Operational Budget To be determined

Start Date To be determined Timeframe On-going

RELEVANCE:

Relevant Goal

To address the fundamental issue of lack of skills and employment

opportunities in the rural areas of Emnambithi.

Relevant Objective

To develop entrepreneurship skills amongst unemployed youth in the

rural areas.

Job Creation High


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PROJECT NUMBER 2. Establishment of a Fresh produce market


Project type: Short-term Sector: Agriculture

Responsibility:

Emnambithi

Municipality/Department

of Agriculture

Municipal Area: Emnambithi(ward 13)

Priority: High

DESCRIPTION

The establishment of a fresh produce market will help the small scale farmers by providing a market

place for them to buy and sell their produce. This project will not only benefit small scale farmers in

ward 13 but will also impact positively on other wards and help improve the livelihoods of people

living in the rural areas. The small scale farmers can have the opportunity to become big businesses.

The municipality together with the Department of Agriculture can help in providing support and

mentorship to the farmers.



Funding Source (s)

Emnambithi

Municipality/Department

of Rural Development

and Land Reform Operational Budget To be determined


RELEVANCE:

Relevant Goal

To address fundamental issues that impact on the agricultural sector of

which is the non-availability of a market place for small scale farmers.

Relevant Objective To support small scale farmers to become sustainable big businesses.


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Job Creation High


90

PROJECT NUMBER 3 Establishment of Apollo lights mini-factories



Rural economic

development

Responsibility: To be determined

Municipal Area: Emnambithi (ward 23)

Priority: High

DESCRIPTION

The establishment of an Apollo mini-factory will help create employment and uplift the livelihoods

of people living in ward 23 and other wards.



Funding Source (s) To be determined Operational Budget To be determined

Start Date To be determined Timeframe

RELEVANCE:

Relevant Goal Employment creation

Relevant Objective To develop skills and job opportunities in rural areas

Job Creation High


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PROJECT NUMBER 4.Production of sweet chillies


Project type: Short-term Sector: Agriculture

Responsibility:

Emnambithi

Municipality/

Department of

Agriculture


Priority: High

DESCRIPTION

The planting of sweet chillies in ward 16 will help enhance the economy of Emnambithi and of KZN

as a whole. The Emnambithi Municipality together with the Department of Agriculture needs to

provide mentorship and support to the small scale farmers. This project may have a huge impact and

can end up putting South Africa on the map through exporting the sweet chillies.



Funding Source (s)

Operational Budget To be determined


RELEVANCE:

Relevant Goal Economic development

Relevant Objective To develop skills and job opportunities in the agricultural sector

Job Creation High


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PROJECT NUMBER 5. Establishment of an Aloe and Berg tea production and their processing plant.


Project type: Medium-term Sector: Agriculture

Responsibility:

Emnambithi

municipality /

Department of Rural

Development and Land

reform

Municipal Area:

Emnambithi (ward

17&23)

Priority: High

DESCRIPTION

The Establishment of an Aloe and Berg tea plant and it processing plant can help in alleviation of

poverty and uplift the livelihoods of majority of people living in the rural areas. The Emnambithi

Municipality can help the farmers in acquiring funding for this project by drawing up a business plan

and developing a feasibility study for the processing plant.



Funding Source (s)

Department of Rural


reform Operational Budget To be determined


RELEVANCE:

Relevant Goal To create and grow the economy in the rural area.

Relevant Objective To create job opportunities for the rural poor.

Job Creation High


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PROJECT NUMBER 6: Establishment of a wholesale trading market



Rural economic

Development

Responsibility:

Emnambithi Municipality/

Department of Rural


Reform


Priority: High

DESCRIPTION

Wholesale markets are still needed to provide farmers with effective and profitable marketing outlets

for their produce. In addition to facilitating farmers’ access to the marketing system, wholesale

markets, if adequately located, sized and managed, are basic instruments for promoting competition

and improving public health and food quality control. This thereby lowers and stabilises consumer

prices and reduces post harvest losses as well as urban congestion and pollution. Emnambithi

Municipality can assist in developing a detailed business plan and undertake a feasibility study for the

wholesale trading market.



Funding Source (s)

Emnambithi

Municipality/

Department of Rural




RELEVANCE:

Relevant Goal Sustainable rural economy

Relevant Objective To develop job opportunities in the rural areas

Job Creation High


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PROJECT NUMBER 7: Establishment of a multi-purpose centre



Rural economic

Development

Responsibility:

Emnambithi

Municipality


Priority: High

DESCRIPTION

From the centres, communities also receive training in skills, such as how to use information and

communication technologies like the Internet. The centres also serve as venues where community

events such as education campaigns, exhibitions and other activities can take place, helping people

get information they can use to improve their lives and to develop their communities. Emnambithi

Municipality can facilitate with formulating a business plan and a feasibility study for this project.



Funding Source (s)

Emnambithi

Municipality/

Department of Rural




RELEVANCE:

Relevant Goal Youth development

Relevant Objective To develop skills amongst unemployed youth

Job Creation High


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5.3 CONCLUSION

This section focused on project identification and thereby identifying anchor projects through

assessment criteria which examined the impact and the size of the project. The section also

identified Anchor projects in which they were described in terms of implementation, budget and

programme, relevant goals and objectives. It is important to note for the successful implementation

of these anchor projects, the municipality needs to work together with the community and other

stakeholders.


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SECTION 6 CONCLUSION

The formulation of a Rural Development Strategy involved the formulation of a strategic framework.

Initially the key challenges confronting the rural development in Emnambithi/Ladysmith municipality

were identified and thereafter the opportunities that are present in the municipality and which have

the potential for further development were discussed. A strategic plan was then formulated which

included a vision, developed in conjunction with key stakeholder and people residing in the rural

areas of Emnambithi. The objectives that were adopted were derived from the Draft National

Comprehensive Rural Development programme in order to align rural development in Emnambithi

with national priorities and targets.

Projects and activities were identified to achieve the objectives. These included projects and

activities that have been proposed in previous ward profiling done by Udidi Projects Development

Company but as yet have not been implemented. It was important to prioritise these projects using

specific project evaluation criteria, to determine which of the potential projects would have the

highest impact in the rural economy in terms of employment creation, capacity building, social

upliftment etc. within the rural economy sector. Nine priority projects were identified and

additional information was provided in terms of their objectives, beneficiaries, potential capital cost

and operational costs.

Documents

Emnambithi - Ladysmith Local Municipalityladysmith.co.za/docs/reps/2010/rural_plan.pdf · 2.7.1 The Muyexe Village Programme as Key Pilot Programme ... The Rural Development Strategy