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Department of
Public Services
EMERALD ASH BORER
2017 APWA SNOW
CONFERENCE.
MARCH 31, 2017
� Non-native beetle that kills
all varieties of ash trees
(Fraxinus species)
� Larvae feed on phloem and
cambial layer under the bark
� Destroys the tree’s ability to
transport water and
nutrients
� No known natural enemies in
North America
WHAT IS EAB?
http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/disturbance/invasive_speci
es/eab/local-resources/images/native_range.gif
WHAT IS EAB?
Source: IDALS, www.IowaTreePests.com
WHAT IS EAB?
� Identified as cause
of extensive ash
mortality in
southeast Michigan
in 2002
� Suspected to
originate from
infested packing
material from Asia
� Now identified in 27
states and 2
Canadian provinces
� Initially found in Iowa in 2010
� As of March, 2017, EAB has been confirmed in 43 Iowa counties
� Entire state of Iowa placed under quarantine on February 4, 2014
� EAB was confirmed in the Metro-May 2015
WHAT IS EAB?
Source: IDALS, Entomology & Plant Science Bureau
� Several hundred mill ion trees kil led in North America to date
� Damage has followed relatively consistent progression
� Few trees show damage or die in first 4-5 years after first EAB infestation in an area
� Within 10 years of detection mortality rate approaches 100%
� Metro area in 2017 at year 4 or 5. “Death Curve” about to begin!
WHAT IS EAB?
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Pe
rce
nt
Years Since Arrival of EAB
<50% Canopy Dead
Dan Herms, Ohio State University
June 2006 August 2009
Toledo
�Social• Strong attachment to trees
• Neighborhood identity
• Reduced crime
� Environmental• Decrease carbon dioxide
• Moderates urban cl imate
• Reduce stormwater runoff
• Provide wildlife habitat
�Economic• Increase property values
• Reduce energy costs
BENEFITS OF URBAN TREES
TREE BENEFIT CALCULATOR
TREE BENEFIT CALCULATOR
STORMWATER BENEFITS
PROPERTY VALUE BENEFIT
ENERGY BENEFIT
AIR QUALITY BENEFIT
CARBON DIOXIDE BENEFIT
WHY DOES IT MATTER TO THE CITY?
Neighborhood
has a ver y
s t rong
at tachment to
these t rees!
WOODLAND
AVENUE IN
WDM
WHY DOES IT MATTER TO THE CITY?
414
38%
STREET
259
24%
FACILITY
406
38%
PARK
Street Facility Park
�1,079 publicly
owned ash trees (as of 2/1/17)
�Thousands more
located on private
property and in
wooded areas
ASH STREET TREE MANAGEMENT PLAN
CITY ACTIONS
REMOVAL48
PRE-EMPTIVE REMOVAL
51
TREATMENT315
REMOVAL PRE-EMPTIVE REMOVAL TREATMENT
�City Removal
�Arterial Streets
�Poor Condition
�High Hazard
�48 Trees
Notice sent by certified and regular mail at
least 14 days prior to removal
ASH STREET TREE MANAGEMENT PLAN
CITY ACTIONS
Communication
� City Treatment� Not on Arterial Streets
� Good/Fair Condition
� Low/Medium Hazard
� > 10” diameter
� 315 Street Trees (76%)
� Treated a total of 730 public ash trees (68%)
A notice will be placed on or next to the tree following treatment. No notice will be mailed
ASH STREET TREE MANAGEMENT PLAN
CITY ACTIONS
Communication
�Steps for Private Property Owners
� Identify ash trees on your property
�Look for possible signs of EAB – sprouts on
trunk/branches, dead or dying tree canopy, excessive
woodpecker activity, and/or presence of EAB larvae
or adult insects
PRIVATE PROPERTY TREES
villagelinksofglenellyngrounds.blogspot.com www.ipm.iastate.edu
15 th St . WDM
Conf i rmed to
be EAB
infested. Trees
th is large and
at th is s tage of
dec l ine have
l ike ly been
infested for 4
or more years .
EXAMPLE
OF TREE IN
POOR
CONDITION
examined
�If you suspect EAB, contact:
ISU Extension Entomology 294-1101
DNR 281-5918
IDALS 725-1470
Parks Urban Forestry 222-3417
�Information available on City EAB webpage
PRIVATE PROPERTY TREES
� Communities may well have the resources to protect (treat)
and/or pre-emptively remove public ash trees
� However by ignoring the inevitable (high numbers of dying ash
trees), costs associated with wholescale removal of
100’s/1,000’s of dying ash trees will most certainly strain
budgets
� CODE ENFORCEMENT ISSUES: As private property ash trees begin to
die this city code clause will get referred to on a regular basis. “The
code enforcement officer shall provide written notice…….requiring the
treatment or removal within fourteen (14) calendar days of
notification of any trees or shrubs located within private property
which are dead, diseased or insect ridden so as to be deemed a
nuisance and constitute a hazard to public and/or private trees or
shrubs, or public safety.”
IMPACT ON PUBLIC SERVICES DEPTS.
�EAB populations are increasing in the Metro, you are responsible for trees on your property
�Removal of a dead, diseased, or insect ridden tree on private property that is deemed a nuisance or a hazard is the responsibility of the property owner (WDM City Code 7-10-7E)
�Treatment options do exist and can be provided by local tree care companies
� Insurance coverage may be denied for property damage resulting from trees that were not properly maintained or were insect or disease ridden. Trees on private property that die from insects or disease are typically uninsured perils.
PRIVATE PROPERTY TREES
�Links to a list of certified arborists,
treatment options, and general
information are available on the
City’s EAB webpage
www.wdm.iowa.gov/EAB
PRIVATE PROPERTY TREES
� Decide what purpose or function the tree will serve (shade,
privacy, aesthetics, wildlife, etc.)
� Can the site provide the growth requirements for the chosen
species (space constraints, hardiness, soil conditions,
sunlight and wind exposure)?
� What level of maintenance (staking, watering, pruning,
protection from insects and wildlife) are you willing to commit
to?
� Diversify your choices when possible to reduce the risk of a
single species catastrophe and to add a variety of visual
elements
� Purchase high quality stock! Focus on a ROOT SYSTEM more
than the caliper!!
TREE SELECTION & PLACEMENT
“SEEMED LIKE A GOOD IDEA AT THE
TIME”
The fee to remove this massive Red Oak
from the backyard of a DM residence was
$10,000. That did not include the cost of
repairs needed to patch the hole in the roof!
-Backyard was inaccessible to equipment
and the large bur oak in the front yard
prevented the use of a crane
-All material was lowered with pulleys and
rope
-All debris had to be CARRIED to the street
-A tremendous volume of wood needed to be
disposed ofFYI: Contractor said he lost $$ on this job
� When selecting a tree for planting some
thought must be given to it’s end of life
removal constraints.
� Community/HOA Rule of Thumb:
• No more than 30% from a family eg. Fagaceae (beech & oak)
• No more than 20% from a genus eg. Quercus (oak)
• No more than 10% of any one species eg. rubra (red oak)
� Hardy & Reliable Options: Shade Trees
• Sugar Maple: Green Mountain, Legacy, Fall Fiesta
• Red Maple: Red Sunset, Somerset, Scarlet Jewel
• Hackberry: Chicagoland, Prairie Pride
• Oak: Northern Red, Swamp White, Bur, Chinkapin, White
• Honeylocust: Shademaster, Skyline, Northern Acclaim
• American Elm: Princeton, Jefferson, Prairie Expedition
ASH TREE REPLACEMENT OPTIONS
Fall Fiesta
� Hardy & Reliable Options: Low Growing trees
• Serviceberry (use tree form): Cumulus, Snow Cloud
• Flowering Crabapple: Harvest Gold, Royal Raindrops,
Pink Spires, Louisa, Spring Snow, many others
• Japanese Tree Li lac: Ivory Silk, Summer Snow
• American Hornbeam (Blue Beech)
• American Hophornbeam (Ironwood)
• Hawthorn: Cockspur, Winter King, Washington
• Eastern Redbud (use tree form): Rising Sun
• Pagoda Dogwood
� Hardy and Reliable Options: Conifers
• Concolor (White) Fir, Spruce; Norway, Black Hil ls, White and Serbian, White Pine, Arborvitae, Larch, Bald Cypress, Hemlock
MORE REPLACEMENT OPTIONS
Serviceberry
Bald Cypress
QUESTIONS?
datcpservices.wisconsin.gov
IDALS, Entomology and Plant Science
Bureau
Debra Miller, USDA Forest Service, Northern
Res. Station
David Cappaert, Michigan State University