Elements & the Periodic Table

Non-Metals & Metalloids

Chapter 3

Section 3

Non-Metals

• There are 17– Each is located to the

right of the zigzag line on the periodic table

• Examples…– Oxygen– Sulfur– Carbon

Physical Properties of Non-Metals

• Dull– Not shiny

• Poor conductors of…– Heat– Electricity

• Brittle– Not bendable

Diatomic Molecules

• Molecules with identical non-metals atoms– Oxygen gas

• O2

– Nitrogen gas• N2

– Chlorine gas• Cl2

– Hydrogen Gas• H2

Carbon Family

• Group 14– All have 4 valence

electrons

• Organic– Made of carbon

• Most molecules that exist

Nitrogen Family

• Group 15– All have 5 valence

electrons

• Nitrogen– 78% of the air you

breath– Fertilizer in soil

• Phosphorous– Matches– Flares

The Oxygen Family

• Group 16– All have 6 valence

electrons

• O2

– Oxygen Gas– 21% of air

• O3

– Ozone– Absorbs UV light

• S– Sulfur

• Tires

Halogen Family

• Group 17– Very reactive– 7 valence electrons

• Fluorine– Tooth strength

• Chlorine– Salt– Kills microorganisms

The Noble Gases

• Group 18– Least reactive of all– All have 8 valence

electrons• Except He has 2

• Helium– Balloons

• Neon, Argon & Xenon– Colorful lights

Hydrogen

• Makes up >90% of the universe…– But <1% of the earth

Metalloids

• 7 elements– On the border

between metals & non-metals

– Varying ability to conduct electricity

• Semiconductors– Used in…

• Computer chips• Transistors• Lasers