VOCABULARY•Periods•Groups•Metals•Non-metals•Metalloids

PERIODIC LAW•The Periodic Law states that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.

PERIODS

• The horizontal rows of the periodic table (1-7)

• Tell us how many or the highest energy level an elements electrons exist in

• All elements in a period are in order by atomic number, increasing from left to right

GROUPS

• The vertical columns of the periodic table (1-18)

• All elements in a group have the same number of valence electrons

• All the elements in a group have very similar chemical and physical properties

METALS

• Generally good conductors of heat and electric current• High luster (shiny)• Malleable and ductile• Most elements are metals – 80%

NON-METALS

• Poor conductors of heat and electricity• Vary in properties, most are gases, some are

liquids and solids• Solid forms are dull and brittle

METALLOIDS

• Share properties of both metals and nonmetals

• Ex: May be a good conductor but brittle

REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS

• Found in groups 1 - 2 and groups 13 – 18 • Wide variety of properties that represent the

table as a whole • Represent each category of metals, nonmetals,

and metalloids• Represent each state of matter solids, liquids and

gasses 13 14 15 16 173A 4A 5A 6A 7A

1A 22A

TRANSITION METALS

• Groups 3 - 12 (middle of the periodic table)• These metals are solid at room temperature

(except for Mercury)

INNER TRANSITION METALS

• Found underneath the periodic table• Lanthanide series - period 6 • Actinide series - period 7 • These metals are solid at room temperature

Inner Transition Metals

• Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr • Group 1 (1A) – excluding

Hydrogen• 1 valence electron• Very unstable and highly reactive• Extremely soft metals • All have low densities, melting

and boiling points.

ALKALI METALS

ALKALINE EARTH METALS

•Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

•Group 2 (2A)

• 2 valence electrons

• Very reactive

• Bond and lose 2 electrons

HALOGENS

• F, Cl, Br, I, At

•Group 17 (7A)

• 7 valence electrons

• Bond and gain 1 more electron to make their outer energy level full.

• A halogens bond with alkali metals to form a salt

NOBLE GASSES

• Most stable of the elements (non-reactive)

• Outermost energy level or shell is full, so they do not naturally bond with other elements

• Share properties like high densities, high melting points, colorless, odorless, and tasteless

• He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn • Group 18 (8A)• 8 valence electrons

LANTHANIDE SERIES

• “Rare-Earth elements” • Found on the top row of the inner transition

metals • Named from element Lanthanum (La) atomic

number 57 - common properties

ACTINIDE SERIES • Radioactive metals • Found on the bottom row of the inner transition

metals • Named after the element Actinium (Ac) atomic

number 89 - common properties

SEMESTER EXAM

• If you have a year to date grade average at or above 85% you may choose to exempt out of the semester exam and have your Semester Exam Study Guide count as your test score