Element Summary Slides Directions: Go to View – slideshow and scroll through slides as a review activity. The answer to the clues will not be displayed

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NOTE: all graphics without a URL were NOTE: all graphics without a URL were provided with the text book –provided with the text book –Chemistry – Chemistry – Matter and ChangeMatter and Change by Glencoe/McGraw Hill by Glencoe/McGraw Hill Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

Element SummaryElement Summary• most abundant metalmost abundant metal• third most abundant third most abundant

element in earth’s crustelement in earth’s crust• usually found in nature usually found in nature

combined with oxygen or combined with oxygen or silicon silicon

• bauxite is the name of its bauxite is the name of its ore ore

• this element’s sulfate this element’s sulfate “alum” used in “alum” used in antiperspirants and antiperspirants and remove suspended remove suspended particles during water particles during water purification purification

ANSWER = AluminumANSWER = Aluminum

Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School

Element SummaryElement Summary

• A reddish-brown A reddish-brown liquidliquid

• Highly reactive Highly reactive

ANSWER = bromineANSWER = bromine



• This element has 3 This element has 3 main allotropes – main allotropes – diamond, graphite, diamond, graphite, and charcoaland charcoal

• The study of this The study of this element is given its element is given its own branch of own branch of chemistry called chemistry called “Organic Chemistry” “Organic Chemistry”

ANSWER = carbonANSWER = carbon


Element SummaryElement Summary• three solid allotropes = three solid allotropes =

white (bursts into flames in white (bursts into flames in air thus stored in water), red air thus stored in water), red (used on striking surface for (used on striking surface for match boxes); black (formed match boxes); black (formed when other under high when other under high pressure)pressure)

• compounds used in compounds used in fertilizers; fertilizers;

ANSWER = phosphorusANSWER = phosphorus



• Colorless diatomic gasColorless diatomic gas• Element with the Element with the

highest highest electronegativity electronegativity

• most reactive nonmetalmost reactive nonmetal• Latin “fluere” “to flow”Latin “fluere” “to flow”• the element’s the element’s

compounds are added compounds are added to toothpaste and to toothpaste and drinking water, also in drinking water, also in non-stick surfaces; non-stick surfaces;

ANSWER = fluorineANSWER = fluorine


Element Element SummarySummary

• metalloidmetalloid• Used in computer Used in computer

chips and solar cellschips and solar cells• second most second most

abundant element in abundant element in Earth’s crust after Earth’s crust after oxygenoxygen

• Usually exists as Usually exists as “silica”.“silica”.

• Silica found in quartz Silica found in quartz crystals, sand, and crystals, sand, and glass glass

• ANSWER = siliconANSWER = silicon

Borosilicate glass



• Soft, highly reactive metalSoft, highly reactive metal• Most abundant metal in its Most abundant metal in its

groupgroup• Present in vapor lampsPresent in vapor lamps• heat exchanger in nuclear heat exchanger in nuclear

reactorsreactors• most common positive ion most common positive ion

in fluid in fluid outsideoutside cells (flow cells (flow into cells when nerve cell into cells when nerve cell is stimulated);is stimulated);

• in table salt in table salt • ANSWER = sodiumANSWER = sodium



• reacts with most elementsreacts with most elements• deadly yellowish green gasdeadly yellowish green gas• Its compounds disinfect sewageIts compounds disinfect sewage• Its compounds are used as Its compounds are used as

bleaching agents and to remove bleaching agents and to remove stainsstains

• dentist use compounds to block dentist use compounds to block painpain

• an element in the acid found in an element in the acid found in your stomach, part of PVC pipes your stomach, part of PVC pipes

• ANSWER = chlorineANSWER = chlorine



• its chloride can be used its chloride can be used as a salt substituteas a salt substitute

• found in compounds used found in compounds used in fertilizersin fertilizers

• its nitrate used as its nitrate used as explosive and for explosive and for fireworksfireworks

• most common positive most common positive ion ion insideinside the cell in the cell in table salt table salt

• Reacts vigorously Reacts vigorously w/waterw/water

• ANSWER = potassiumANSWER = potassiumJodi Grack; Wayzata High School


• radioactive element radioactive element found in smoke found in smoke detectors detectors

• ANSWER = ANSWER = americiumamericium



• forms explosivesforms explosives• gains 3 electrons to form -3 gains 3 electrons to form -3

ion ion • colorless, odorless; colorless, odorless;

relatively unreactiverelatively unreactive• 78% earth’s atmosphere78% earth’s atmosphere• contained in protein; contained in protein;

bacteria in soil “fix” this bacteria in soil “fix” this element into compounds element into compounds which contain this elementwhich contain this element

• used in making ammonia used in making ammonia (cleaning product); (cleaning product); explosives (TNT and explosives (TNT and nitroglycerine), dyes, and nitroglycerine), dyes, and fertilizers; fertilizers;

• ANSWER = nitrogenANSWER = nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen



• ten allotropesten allotropes• its oxide is found in its oxide is found in

acid rainacid rain• Present in the Present in the

compound that has a compound that has a rotten egg smell rotten egg smell

• released through released through ocean vents ocean vents

• ANSWER = sulfurANSWER = sulfur



• Unreactive gasUnreactive gas• Light displays named Light displays named

after this element after this element which gives off which gives off orange light orange light

• ANSWER = neonANSWER = neon



• Flammable, Flammable, colorless, diatomic colorless, diatomic gasgas

• has 3 isotopes has 3 isotopes (protium, (protium, deuterium, and deuterium, and tritium) tritium)

• The gas that caused The gas that caused the Hindenberg to the Hindenberg to explode.explode.

• ANSWER = ANSWER = hydrogenhydrogen



• best conductorbest conductor• transition metal transition metal • precious metal precious metal

• ANSWER = ANSWER = silversilver



• contained in contained in peptobismalpeptobismal

• ““Wood’s metal” alloy Wood’s metal” alloy

• ANSWER = bismuthANSWER = bismuth


Element SummaryElement Summary• found widely in nature found widely in nature

especially as a metal especially as a metal carbonatecarbonate

• Its carbonate compound Its carbonate compound is the main ingredient is the main ingredient in limestone, chalk, and in limestone, chalk, and marble; coral reefs marble; coral reefs exoskeletons; antacid exoskeletons; antacid tablets; abrasive in tablets; abrasive in toothpaste toothpaste

• • ANSWER = calciumANSWER = calcium

limestone Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School


• unreactive gasunreactive gas• most abundant member most abundant member

of its family (1% of its family (1% atmosphere)atmosphere)

• Used in high Used in high temperature welding for temperature welding for an inert environmentan inert environment

• used in filament of used in filament of incandescent light bulbs incandescent light bulbs and as layer of and as layer of insulation between insulation between panes of glass panes of glass

• • ANSWER = argonANSWER = argonJodi Grack; Wayzata High School


• AbundantAbundant• can be formed into almost any can be formed into almost any

shapeshape• lighter alloy than steel (bicycles, lighter alloy than steel (bicycles,

backpack frames, “mag” backpack frames, “mag” wheels)wheels)

• needed in plants (in chlorophyll)needed in plants (in chlorophyll)• its ion is important in muscle its ion is important in muscle

function and metabolismfunction and metabolism• part of “hard” water (with Capart of “hard” water (with Ca2+2+) )

– ions interfere with action of – ions interfere with action of soaps and detergents; can form soaps and detergents; can form “scum” (deposits) that clog “scum” (deposits) that clog pipes, water heaters, and steam pipes, water heaters, and steam irons irons

• Burns in COBurns in CO22

• ANSWER = magnesiumANSWER = magnesium

Magnesium Ribbon

Burning magnesium ribbon

“mag” wheel


Element SummaryElement Summary• FYI – Magnesium can FYI – Magnesium can

burn in carbon dioxide, burn in carbon dioxide, like many things can like many things can burn in oxygen, thus burn in oxygen, thus COCO22 fire extinguishers fire extinguishers do not work to put out do not work to put out Magnesium fires.Magnesium fires.

• ANSWER = magnesiumANSWER = magnesium

CLEVELAND, OH - 30 Dec 2003

Firefighters Let Magnesium Fire Burn Itself Out In Cleveland

(Photo by John Bashian/Getty Images)www.viewimages.com Jodi Grack; Wayzata High School


• softer than most softer than most metalsmetals

• found in bronze found in bronze and pewter and pewter

• ANSWER = tinANSWER = tin

Tin shot

pewter

Tin & lead

Bronze

Tin foil

- tin & copper


Element SummaryElement Summary• least reactive alkali least reactive alkali • in long-lasting in long-lasting

batteriesbatteries• used in de-humidifiers used in de-humidifiers

to absorb waterto absorb water• its carbonate is used its carbonate is used

to strengthen glass to strengthen glass and as a drug for and as a drug for bipolar disorderbipolar disorder

• In alloys in airplanes In alloys in airplanes (strong & (strong & lightweight). lightweight).

• ANSWER = lithiumANSWER = lithiumJodi Grack; Wayzata High School

Element SummaryElement Summary• found combined with found combined with

Al, Si, O in “beryl”Al, Si, O in “beryl”• used in alloys where used in alloys where

sparks badsparks bad• only metal in its only metal in its

group that doesn’t group that doesn’t form an alkaline form an alkaline solution when it solution when it reacts with water. reacts with water.

• ANSWER = ANSWER = berylliumberyllium

“beryl”


Element SummaryElement Summary• discovered in emission discovered in emission

spectrum of sunspectrum of sun• found in earth natural found in earth natural

gas wells (light enough gas wells (light enough to escape gravity)to escape gravity)

• used in blimps air used in blimps air ships and balloonsships and balloons

• mixed with Omixed with O22 for for divers to prevent divers to prevent “bends”“bends”

• coolant for coolant for supercooling magnets supercooling magnets

• ANSWER = heliumANSWER = heliumJodi Grack; Wayzata High School

Element SummaryElement Summary• Least representative of Least representative of

its groupits group• found in borosilicatefound in borosilicate

glass (withstand glass (withstand extreme differences in extreme differences in temp)temp)

• main source = borax main source = borax (Mojave Desert); borax (Mojave Desert); borax = cleaning agent & = cleaning agent & fireproof insulation; fireproof insulation; boric acid = boric acid = disinfectant & eye washdisinfectant & eye wash

• its nitride is the second its nitride is the second hardest known material hardest known material (superabrasive)(superabrasive)

• ANSWER = boronANSWER = boron

Borosilicate glass

Borax


Element SummaryElement Summary• This element has two This element has two

main allotropes main allotropes • 20% earth’s 20% earth’s

atmosphere, atmosphere, • colorless, odorless gas colorless, odorless gas • needed for combustionneeded for combustion• produced in produced in

photosynthesisphotosynthesis• most abundant most abundant

element in earth’s element in earth’s crust crust

• ANSWER = oxygenANSWER = oxygenJodi Grack; Wayzata High School

Element SummaryElement Summary• The only metal The only metal

that is a liquid at that is a liquid at room temperature room temperature

• toxic toxic • Forms amalgams Forms amalgams

• ANSWER = ANSWER = mercurymercury


Element SummaryElement Summary• Transition metal that is found uncombined in Transition metal that is found uncombined in

naturenature• Good conductor, found in electrical wiringGood conductor, found in electrical wiring• Highly ductile Highly ductile • orangish-brown in color orangish-brown in color

•ANSWER = copperANSWER = copper



• scientist using this element’s nitride to make scientist using this element’s nitride to make blue laser (triple storage capacity – shorter blue laser (triple storage capacity – shorter wavelength – also increase speed and wavelength – also increase speed and resolution of laser printers)resolution of laser printers)

• ANSWER = galliumANSWER = gallium

• low m.p. (melt in low m.p. (melt in hand)hand)

• its arsenide is used its arsenide is used in semiconductor in semiconductor chips in light-chips in light-powered solar powered solar calculators and calculators and solar panels (10x solar panels (10x more efficient than more efficient than Si chips)Si chips)


Element SummaryElement Summary• found as part of a compound found as part of a compound

in fish, eggs, and grains in fish, eggs, and grains (works w/ vit. E prevent cell (works w/ vit. E prevent cell damage; prevent cancer damage; prevent cancer growth?)growth?)

• ““locoweed” plant – get sicklocoweed” plant – get sick• can convert light into can convert light into

electricity – used in solar electricity – used in solar panelspanels

• photographers use in light photographers use in light metersmeters

• photocopiers work because photocopiers work because charged particles of this charged particles of this element create an “image” of element create an “image” of itemitem

• semiconductor semiconductor

• ANSWER = seleniumANSWER = seleniumJodi Grack; Wayzata High School

Element SummaryElement Summary• Toxic metalToxic metal• Has a low m.pHas a low m.p• maybe first obtained maybe first obtained

from ore (due to low from ore (due to low m.p.)m.p.)

• used to be used for used to be used for eating utensils, pipeseating utensils, pipes

• additive in gas in additive in gas in paintpaint

• currently used in currently used in storage batteries storage batteries

• ANSWER = leadANSWER = leadJodi Grack; Wayzata High School

SourcesSources• Silicon - Silicon - www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/silicon.html• Silcon-quartz - Silcon-quartz - www.mii.org/Minerals/photosil.html• Neon sign “Ne” - Neon sign “Ne” - www.theodoregray.com/.../010/index.s9.html• Neon tube - Neon tube - www.assumption.edu/.../Spectra/LightSources.html• Hydrogen - Hydrogen - www.theodoregray.com/.../001/index.s7.html• Bismuth - Bismuth - www.dkimages.com/.../Bismuth/Bismuth-3.html• Peptobismal - Peptobismal - library.thinkquest.org/2824/Digestive.html• Calcium - Calcium - www.tvel.ru/.../non-nuclear_products/calcium/• Limeston -Limeston -www.dep.state.fl.us/.../marianna_limestone.htm• Argon – inert environment Argon – inert environment

www.amrc.mmhosting.co.uk/research/index.php?p...• Argon – fill glass - Argon – fill glass - www.csglaziers.co.uk/products.shtml• Argon blue sign - Argon blue sign - www.abercaraudio.co.uk• Argon light bulb - Argon light bulb - www.dkimages.com/.../Unassigned-52.html• Magnesium Ribbon - Magnesium Ribbon - www.dkimages.com/.../Metals/Metals-106.html • Magnesium burning - www.uncp.edu/home/mcclurem/ptable/mg_2.jpgMagnesium burning - www.uncp.edu/home/mcclurem/ptable/mg_2.jpg

Magnesium wheel - Magnesium wheel - www.ocmazdaspeed.com/search.asp?txt=&cat=MAZD...

• Magnesium ribbon - Magnesium ribbon - www.dkimages.com/.../Metals/Metals-106.html• Magnesium burning - Magnesium burning - www.uncp.edu/home/mcclurem/ptable/mg.htm


SourcesSources• Tin - Tin - cgi.ebay.com/TIN-Metal-Element-Shot-99.96--**...• Tin foil - Tin foil - www.istockphoto.com/file_closeup/?id=1241491...• Tin – bronze - Tin – bronze - www.interdnet.hu/csmw/prod05.htm• Tin – pewter Tin – pewter pilgrim.ceredigion.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid...• Lithium battery - Lithium battery - www.medibix.com/.../company/company_id/43914• Lithium2 - Lithium2 - library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/Lithium.shtml• Lithium pills - Lithium pills - www.janethull.com/shop/index.php?main_page=in...• Beryllium ball - Beryllium ball - www.daviddarling.info/.../B/beryllium.html• Beryllium disc - Beryllium disc - www.americanelements.com/bem.html • Beryl - Beryl - commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Beryll.jpg• Helium balloon - www.partywarehouse.co.nz/test/catalog/index.p..Helium balloon - www.partywarehouse.co.nz/test/catalog/index.p..• Boron Carbide - Boron Carbide -

qdmmm.en.alibaba.com/.../Sell_Boron_Carbide.htmlqdmmm.en.alibaba.com/.../Sell_Boron_Carbide.html• Borosilicate glass - Borosilicate glass -

www.alibaba.com/.../CN-suppliers/Glass_Tube.htmlwww.alibaba.com/.../CN-suppliers/Glass_Tube.html• Borax - chemistry.about.com/.../Borax.htmBorax - chemistry.about.com/.../Borax.htm• Selenium - www.emporia.edu/.../go336/johnson/index.htmSelenium - www.emporia.edu/.../go336/johnson/index.htm• Oxygen(both) - www.theodoregray.com/.../008/index.s9.htmlOxygen(both) - www.theodoregray.com/.../008/index.s9.html• Sodium-potassium pump - www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htmSodium-potassium pump - www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm


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Element Summary Slides Directions: Go to View – slideshow and scroll through slides as a review activity. The answer to the clues will not be displayed