ELEMENT OF AERONAUTICS.ppt

7/17/2019 ELEMENT OF AERONAUTICS.ppt

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ELEMENT OF AERONAUTICS

111305



THE IMPORTANT PARTS OF AN AROPLANE

• WINGS

• FUSELAGE• EMPENNAGE

• LANDING GEARS

• CONTROL SURFACE• ENGINES

PARTS OF AEROPLANE



PARTS OF AEROPLANE



AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS

1. CLASSIFICATION BY CONFIGURATION

• POSITION OF THE WING – LOW WING – MID WING – HIGH WING

• NUMBER OF WINGS – MONO PLANE – BI PLANE – TRI PLANE

• SHAPE OF THE WINGS – DELTA WING – DIAMOND WING

– SWEPT WING – GULL SHAPED WING

• POSITION OF THE WINGS – CONVENTIONAL WING – NO TAIL OR TAILESS – HORIZONTAL TAIL LOCATED AOVE THE VERTICAL TAIL

– CANARD TYPE




2. LOCATION AND TYPE OF LANDING GEAR

– RETRACTABLE

– NON RETRACTABLE

– TAIL WHEEL – NOSE WHEEL




3. CLASSIFICATION BY POWER PLANTS

A. POWER PLANT TYPES• PISTON ENGINE• TURBO PROP• TURBO SHAFT• TURBO JET

• TURBO FAN• ROCET

B. NUMBER OF ENGINES• SINGLE ENGINE• TWO ENGINE• MULTI ENGINE

C. LOCATION OF THE ENGINES• NOSE• FUSELAGE• JET ENGINE SUBMERGED IN WING• PYLON MOUNTING




!. TYPES OF FUSELAGE

– ROUND

– S"UARE

– OVAL




#. CLASSIFICATION BY PURPOSE

A. CIVIL

B. CARGO

C. MILITARYI. BOMBERS

II. FIGHTERS

III. INTERCEPTORS



FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACE

PRIMARY GROUP• AILERON• ELEVATOR• RUDDER

SECONDARY GROUP• TRIM TAB• SPRING TAB

AU$ILIARY GROUP• WING FLAPS• SPOILERS• SPEED BRAES• LEADING EDGE FLAP• SLOTS



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M6%%(' 574' '-% +(,/'4)/(5+ 5&/* /* 85++%) ++. Ro i" #ont$o%d &'

t(% ai%$on")



ELEVATOR

• Lat%$a a!i" %&'%()* 8**/*% 0 /(,'/9 '-4,- /(,'/9.M6%%(' 574' '-% +5'%5+ 5&/* /* 85++%) 9/'8-. Pit#( i" #ont$o%d&' t(% %%*ato$ .



RUDDER

•+%$ti#a a!i" 95**%* 6%'/85++ '-4,- '-% 8%('% 0 ,56/' ;-%( '-%5/850' /* /( +%6%+ 0+/,-'<. M6%%(' 574' '-% 6%'/85+ 5&/* /* 85++%) 5.

,a- i" #ont$o%d &' t(% $udd%$ .



AIRCRAFT ENGINES

DIFFERENT TYPES OF AIRCRAFT ENGINES ARE

PROPELLER WITH PISTON ENGINE

JET ENGINE• TURBOPROP

• TURBOFAN

• TURBOJET

• RAMJET

ROCET ENGINE



TURBOPROP



PUSHER



TURBOFAN



TURBOJET



TURBOJET WITH AFTERBURNER



ROCET ENGINE

LI"UID FUEL

SOLID FUEL



AIRFOIL

AN AIRFOIL IS A SURFACE DESIGNED TO OBTAIN A

DESIRABLE REACTION FROM THE AIR THROUGHWHICH IT MOVES

AIRFOIL GEOMETRY

• CHORD LINE

• MEAN CAMBER LINE

• ANGLE OF ATTAC

• ANGLE OF INCIDENCE



FOUR FORCES OF FLIGHT



DRAG

• DRAG IS THE RESOLVED COMPONENT OFTHE COMPLETE AERODYNAMIC FORCEWHICH IS PARALLEL TO THE FLIGHT

DIRECTION ;OR RELATIVE ONCOMING AIRFLOW<.

• IT MUST ALWAYS ACT TO OPPOSE THEDIRECTION OF MOTION.

• IT IS THE UNDESIRABLE COMPONENT OFTHE AERODYNAMIC FORCE WHILE LIFT ISTHE DESIRABLE COMPONENT



TYPES OF DRAG



DRAG POLAR



•W- *-4+) % *'4) 99%'/%* 0

5'*9-%%=•V5/5'/( 0 T%9%5'4% /'- A+'/'4)%

• V5/5'/( 0 P%**4% /'- A+'/'4)%•V5/5'/( 0 D%(*/' /'- A+'/'4)%•T57+%* 0 S'5()5) A'*9-%%

TOPICS TO BE COVERED



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S V

LC L

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– L/(?5,% *'/++ 565/+57+% /0 9% /* +*' 74' **'%

'-%( 6% -%56 ' 9%5'%.

• F4++ 9%9%5'%) – C('+ */,(5+* '5(*/''%) -)54+/85++>

%+%8'/85++ ;0+7/%< 9'/85++ ;0+7+/,-'<.



AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS



INTRODUCTION

• HISTORY

– THE VERY FIRST AIRCRAFT HAD LITTLE TO NO

FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS

– ALL WEATHER FLYING WAS RISY – NAVIGATION DEPENDED ON PILOTS ABILITY TO

USE LANDMARS



• FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS

• ENGINE INSTRUMENTS

• NAVIGATION AND COMMUNICATIONINSTRUMENTS

AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS



THE COMMON FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS

– ALTIMETER

– AIRSPEED INDICATOR

– VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR

– HEADING INDICATOR

– ATTITUDE INDICATOR ;@ARTIFICIAL

HORIZON<

– TURN COORDINATOR



AIRCRAFT CONSTRUCTION



TRUSS



MONOCO"UE



SEMI MONOCO"UE



THAN YOU

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ELEMENT OF AERONAUTICS.ppt