Upload
zulfiqar-mirani
View
219
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
1/25
Electronic Aids
To Air Traffic Management
By Zulfiqar Mirani
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
2/25
No Body Goes Up In The Air
UnlessWe Keep the Feet On The Ground
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
3/25
Communication
Navigation Surveillance
Electronic Aids
To Air Traffic Management
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
4/25
Review of Conventional CNS aids
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
5/25
Communication
Aeronautical Fixed Servicesinclude Point- to-Point HF, FM, Hotlines, Telex and AMSS(Aeronautical Message Switching System).The purpose is to exchange aeronautical messages such as flightplans, weather, notam, status of cns aids, changes in procedures
etc.
Aeronautical Mobile ServicesVHF, UHF, HF and extended VHF links are used in Air-Ground
communication
For Ground-To-Ground communication VHF links are being used
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
6/25
Navigation
Non Directional Beacon
VHF Omni-directional Radio Range
Distance Measuring Equipment Instrument Landing System
Visual Aids
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
7/25
NAVIGATION: Non Directional Beacon
NDB is used with Direction Finding Equipment toassist the pilot in locating ATC (Air TrafficControl) key points on the ground.
It provides the pilot bearing of the beacon withrespect to aircrafts own heading.
It works in Low and Medium Frequency Bandranging from 200 -525 Khz.
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
8/25
NAVIGATION:VHF Omni-directional Radio Range
It provides Azimuth, Course and TO-FROMinformation to the aircraft.
Bearing of the VOR transmitter is provided withrespect to magnetic north.
It operates in frequency band ranging from 108
118 MHz
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
9/25
NAVIGATION:Distance Measuring Equipment
It provides direct (or slant) distance informationbetween an aircraft and a ground location
It operates in the frequency band from926 12 13 MHz
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
10/25
NAVIGATION:Instrument Landing System
ILS is composed of three sub-systems
I. LOCALIZER, which provides runway central
line informationII. GLIDE SLOPE, which provides safe glide angle
with respect to touch down point on therunway
III. MARKER BEACONS, are used to provide fixeddistance information from the runwaythreshold.
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
11/25
NAVIGATION: Visual Aids
RVR
PAPI
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
12/25
SURVEILLANCE
Terminal (Primary Surveillance) Radar
provides range and bearing information of an
airborne object to ground Air Traffic Control
centre
En-route (Secondary Surveillance) Radar
provides identification and altitude information ofan aircraft to ground Air Traffic Control centre
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
13/25
Future Navigation Systems
CommunicationVoice/Data links, Aeronautical Mobile Satellite system,
Mode-S Secondary Radar, Aeronautical TelecommunicationNetwork.
NavigationArea Navigation/Required Navigation Performance (RNP),
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), MicrowaveLanding System.
SurveillanceAutomatic Dependance Surveillance (ADS), SecondarySurveillance Radar Mode A/C and Mode S.
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
14/25
Future Environment
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
15/25
Future Environment
CNS/ATMNS/ATM overviewverviewCommunication
Satellites (Satcom)Space
Air
Ground
Ground Network for
Data Communications
Satcom
Ground-based radios(VHF & HF) Transponder
NavigationSatellites (GNSS)
Airline Host Information Service ATC Center
DifferentialGNSSstation
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
16/25
CNS/ATM - European Standards
Europe has been instrumental in the adoption of ATN standardsby ICAO in 1998 as part of the CNS/ATM-1 standards. Thispackage includes standards for the network aspects of ATNbut also for ATN applications. So far, the following end-userapplications have been standardised :
Controller-Pilot Data-link Communications (CPDLC)
Automatic Dependant Surveillance (ADS)
Aeronautical Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
Aeronautical Message Handling Service (AMHS) ATS Interfacilities Data Communications (AIDC).
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
17/25
Implementation
The development of ATN technology
Ground systems, ATC manufacturers have alreadyproposed ATN routers and portable software, and haveinitiated the process of integration of data-link into their
ATCC products.
On the side ofairborne systems, Airbus Industry hasdeveloped a new set of equipment to support ATM data-linkon-board aircraft. ATS Units (ATSUs) and Data-link CockpitDisplay Units (DCDU) are already available.
Certified portable ATN software is also developed byEuropean and US companies which is available since 2000.
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
18/25
Equipments for Enhanced Air Safety
Airborne Collision Avoidance System(ACAS)
Airborne Separation AssuranceSystem (ASAS)
Traffic Alert and Collision AvoidanceSystem
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
19/25
ACAS
ACAS, which is an ICAO standard, isintended to improve safety by acting as alast resort tool for preventing collisions ornear collisions. This system, whichoperates independently of ground-basedequipment, provides advice to the pilot onpotential near collisions with aircraft that
are ICAO transponder equipped. Thecarriage and operation of the ACAS IIcompliant equipment TCAS II version 7.0is mandatory in Europe since 1 January2000 for all aircraft with more than 30passenger seats or more than 15,000 kg.
ICAO proposes a world-wide mandatorycarriage in 2003.
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
20/25
ASAS
Fig: An example of CDTI enhancing traffic situational awareness
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
21/25
Comparison of ASAS and ACAS
ACAS and ASAS have two different operational goals.
ACAS only deals with airborne collision avoidance whileASAS deals with the provision of aircraft separation. Itmeans that ACAS advisories are rare events that arestressful for pilots, whereas ASAS procedures will becomestandard procedures used every day by both pilots and ATCcontrollers.
ACAS is a back-up system that should remain asindependent as possible to continue providing its additionallevel of safety. As far as ASAS will be used as a primarymeans of separation assurance, the airborne system willbecome a critical element of the ATM system.
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
22/25
Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS)
TCAS (Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System)equipment is, Currently, the only available implementationof an ACAS.
The existing TCAS II version 6.04A does not comply fully withACAS II SARPs (Standards And Recommended Practices).
However, the MOPS (Minimum Operational PerformanceStandards) for the forthcoming version, TCAS II version
7.0, will be ACAS II SARPs compliant.
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
23/25
Display of the RITA (Replay Interface for TCAS Alerts) training tool.
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
24/25
8/14/2019 Electronic Aids to Air Traffic Management
25/25
Thank You