AERODROME TRAINING MODULE 5 PART 2Electronic Navigation Aids

STANDARDS & SERVICE LEVELS

Standards – Operated by a CAR Part 171 (NZ) organisation in accordance with Annex 10

Service Levels – ICAO Regional Air Navigation Plan specifies levels of service in FASID tables. No specific requirements for service levels for domestic aviation. Commercial arrangement between airlines and Airways.

Transition – Currently phasing out ground based navigation aids for space based. Programme is significantly delayed and the US are now using the term “phase down” rather than “phase out”.

NON-DIRECTIONAL BEACON NDB- Non-Directional Beacon Ground based

subsystem Transmitting a simple radio signal on the M/F broadcast band. Signal follows curvature of earth so can be used at greater distances than line of sight navaids

ADF- Aircraft subsystem consisting of radio receiver and directional indicator showing relative bearing to NDB. When read in conjunction with compass a magnetic bearing can be established

Limitations: Outdate system subject to number of

errors – Night, Terrain, Electrical, Coastline, Bank. High pilot work load (not able to be coupled to auto-pilot)

VOR

VHF Omni-directional RangeGround subsystem consists of a transmitter Broadcasting coded navigation signal on VHF108-117.95 MHz. 2 methods of transmitting Doppler and Conventional. Navigation signal aligned to magnetic north. Limited to line of sight.

VOR SITE PROTECTION AREA

DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT

Aircraft DME system interrogates ground station and times delay in reply which it displays as a slant distance in NM to the station. Ground station normally collocated with VOR or ILS

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEMConsists of two major componentsLocalizer providing azimuth guidancewith respect to the runway centreline. Localizer array installed on up wind end of Runway and transmits signal in VHF band 108 – 111.95 MHz

Glide-slope providing vertical flight path guidance normally 3° with 50ft threshold Crossing height. Glide-slope antenna Installed abeam touchdown zone transmits Signal in UHF band 329-335MHz.

Ranging information is also providedBy DME or Marker beacons

ILS LOCALISER SENSITIVE/CRITICAL AREAS

ILS GLIDE-PATH SENSITIVE/CRITICAL AREAS

NAV AID SYSTEM ACCURACY

GNSS

Global Navigation Satellite SystemCurrently utilises the US DOD GPSConstellation. The Russian GLONASS isAlso able to be used and the EuropeanPlan to provide the Galileo System.

Unaugmented GNSS able to provide anEquivalent level of accuracy as VOR/DME

GNSS AUGMENTATION

GBAS Ground based augmentation system also called (FAA) as LAAS (local area augmentation system). Provides a local differential correction to enhance the accuracy via VHF data link. Planned to Provide Cat 1 service 2010 and Cat 3 2013???SBAS Spaced based augmentation system. Provides a Wide differential correction signal via Geostationary satellite. Able to Provide close to cat 1 requirements. FAA WAAS, European EGNOS, Japanese MSASABAS Aircraft based augmentation System. Integrated with INS Enables down to RNP 0.1 with BARO/VNAV

PRACTICAL EXERCISES PART 1 AND 2

1. Calculate the PAPI MEHT settings Minimum and desired for a runway with critical aircraft being a Boeing 777-200?

2. What additional lighting is required to upgrade a Precision category 1 lighting system to category 2 & 3?

3. Runway mandatory signage is coloured yellow – True or False?

4. The standby power requirement for a take-off runway with RVR down to 200m is – (a) 2 secs, (b) 6 secs, (c) 15 secs