1ONR-NSF-EPRI-AEP WorkshopCorvallis, OR July 21-25, 2009

Electric Energy Systems Curriculum

With Emphasis on- Renewables- Smart Delivery- Efficient End-Use

ALASKA ENERGY AUTH.SO LDO TNA-4 0/+70 Mvar11 5kV

ALASKA ENERGY AUTH .DAVES CREEK-1 0/+25 Mvar11 5kV

WAPA

WAPAFARGO -45/+22 Mvar1 4kV

MAINE EL. POW ERCHESTER

-140/+425 M va r3 45kV

N IAGARA MOHAWK

LEEDS -3 00 /+27 0 Mvar3 45kV

JERSEY CENTRALATLANTIC CITY -1 30/+2 60 Mva r230kV

CONECT IV

CARDIFF -100 /+15 0 Mvar2 30kV

CONECTIVIND IAN RIVER -10 0/+20 0 Mvar2 30kV

CONECTIVNELSON -10 0/+15 0 Mvar

1 38kV

AM . EL. POW ERBEAVER CREEK -125 /+12 5 Mvar138kV

V IRGIN IA POWER COLINGTON -30 /+78 Mvar1 15kV

VELCO Essex STATCOM

Georgia Powe rNorth Dublin

KANSAS GAS & EL. G ORDON EVANS 0 /+30 0 Mvar1 38kV

KANSAS GAS & EL . MURRAY G ILL 2 5/+2 00 Mva r1 38kV

LANL

LOS ALAMOS -5 0/+10 0 Mvar11 5kV

LADW P

Adelanto

BO NNEV ILLE POWER MAPLE VALLEY -300/+300 M var23 0kV

SDG&ETalega STATCOM

BO NNEV ILLE POWER KEELER -300/+300 M var

23 0kV

AEP West

Eagle Pass STATCOMBack-to-B ack2 x + /-36 MVA

Aust in EnergyHolly STATCOM+/-95 MVAr

PG&EPotr ero-100 /+2 40230 kV

NYSEGF raser-300 /+32 5 (U pgrade)3 45kV

PG&E N ewa rk-100/+24 0 Mvar2 30kV

NSPFORBES -110 /+15 0 M var (C ont.)-615 /+46 0 M VAr (10 Sec.) 5 00kV

LADWPMarke tplac e

Tri-S tate G&TClapham Re trof it

Northeast U tilitiesGlenbrookST ATCOM

XCELLake Yank ton

ROLE OF FACTS Role of FACTS – SVC & STATCOM

Solar

F lywheels for S torageFuel Cells

Role of Power E lectronics

Hybrid

Hybrid

W ind

CFL

ALASKA ENERGY AUTH.SO LDO TNA-4 0/+70 Mvar11 5kV

ALASKA ENERGY AUTH .DAVES CREEK-1 0/+25 Mvar11 5kV

WAPA

WAPAFARGO -45/+22 Mvar1 4kV

MAINE EL. POW ERCHESTER

-140/+425 M va r3 45kV

N IAGARA MOHAWK

LEEDS -3 00 /+27 0 Mvar3 45kV

JERSEY CENTRALATLANTIC CITY -1 30/+2 60 Mva r230kV

CONECT IV

CARDIFF -100 /+15 0 Mvar2 30kV

CONECTIVIND IAN RIVER -10 0/+20 0 Mvar2 30kV

CONECTIVNELSON -10 0/+15 0 Mvar

1 38kV

AM . EL. POW ERBEAVER CREEK -125 /+12 5 Mvar138kV

V IRGIN IA POWER COLINGTON -30 /+78 Mvar1 15kV

VELCO Essex STATCOM

Georgia Powe rNorth Dublin

KANSAS GAS & EL. G ORDON EVANS 0 /+30 0 Mvar1 38kV

KANSAS GAS & EL . MURRAY G ILL 2 5/+2 00 Mva r1 38kV

LANL

LOS ALAMOS -5 0/+10 0 Mvar11 5kV

LADW P

Adelanto

BO NNEV ILLE POWER MAPLE VALLEY -300/+300 M var23 0kV

SDG&ETalega STATCOM

BO NNEV ILLE POWER KEELER -300/+300 M var

23 0kV

AEP West

Eagle Pass STATCOMBack-to-B ack2 x + /-36 MVA

Aust in EnergyHolly STATCOM+/-95 MVAr

PG&EPotr ero-100 /+2 40230 kV

NYSEGF raser-300 /+32 5 (U pgrade)3 45kV

PG&E N ewa rk-100/+24 0 Mvar2 30kV

NSPFORBES -110 /+15 0 M var (C ont.)-615 /+46 0 M VAr (10 Sec.) 5 00kV

LADWPMarke tplac e

Tri-S tate G&TClapham Re trof it

Northeast U tilitiesGlenbrookST ATCOM

XCELLake Yank ton

ROLE OF FACTS Role of FACTS – SVC & STATCOM

Solar

F lywheels for S torageFuel Cells

Role of Power E lectronics

Hybrid

Hybrid

W ind

CFL

2

Group Effort:� Ned Mohan

� Bill Robbins

� Bruce Wollenberg

� Paul Imbertson

� Tom Posbergh

� Dr. Narain G. Hingorani (Project Consultant)

� Students

www.ece.umn.edu/groups/power

3

Past Sponsors:

Lab Development Grants:• NSF CCLI-EMD• NASA• ONR

Initial Dissemination Grant: NSF CCLI-ND

4

Present ONR Dissemination Grant:Program Officer: Terry Ericsen

(1.23 Million Dollars over 5 years)

Supported by:

• NSF

• EPRI

• AEP

5

Outline:

� Problem

� Approach and Results

� Available Resources

� Dissemination Goals

� Brief Description of the Courses

6

Workforce Crisis:� Serious shortfalls predicted

� NSF-Sponsored Workshop in Arlington, Virginia Nov, 2008

BPA Workforce:�2,944 employees

�Median age is 50

�21% eligible to retire by 12/07

�42% eligible to retire by 12/11

Data Source: HRMIS as of 2/9/06

BPA Employee Age (as of 3/9/06)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

>67

Age

Number of Employees

Source: HRM IS Date Accessed : 3/23/06

Source: Clark Gellings, EPRI

7

Crisis in Undergraduate Education in Power Engineering

� Courses have not kept pace with Industrial Practices

ALASKA ENERGY AUTH.SOLDOTNA-40/+70 Mvar115kV

ALASKA ENERGY AUTH.DAVES CREEK-10/+25 Mvar115kV

WAPA

WAPAFARGO -45/+22 Mvar14kV

MAINE EL. POWERCHESTER -140/+425 Mvar345kV

NIAGARA MOHAWKLEEDS -300/+270 Mvar345kV

JERSEY CENTRALATLANTIC CITY -130/+260 Mvar230kV

CONECTIVCARDIFF -100/+150 Mvar230kV

CONECTIVINDIAN RIVER -100/+200 Mvar230kV

CONECTIVNELSON -100/+150 Mvar138kV

AM. EL. POWERBEAVER CREEK -125/+125 Mvar138kV

VIRGINIA POWER COLINGTON -30/+78 Mvar115kV

VELCO Essex STATCOM

Georgia PowerNorth Dublin

KANSAS GAS & EL. GORDON EVANS 0/+300 Mvar138kV

KANSAS GAS & EL. MURRAY GILL 25/+200 Mvar138kV

LANL LOS ALAMOS -50/+100 Mvar115kV

LADWPAdelanto

BONNEVILLE POWER MAPLE VALLEY -300/+300 Mvar230kV

SDG&ETalega STATCOM

BONNEVILLE POWER KEELER -300/+300 Mvar230kV

AEP WestEagle Pass STATCOMBack-to-Back2 x +/-36 MVA

Austin EnergyHolly STATCOM+/-95 MVAr

PG&EPotrero-100/+240230 kV

NYSEGFraser-300/+325 (Upgrade)345kV

PG&E Newark-100/+240 Mvar230kV

NSPFORBES -110/+150 Mvar (Cont.)-615/+460 MVAr (10 Sec.) 500kV

LADWPMarketplace

Tri-State G&TClapham Retrofit

Northeast UtilitiesGlenbrookSTATCOM

XCELLake Yankton

Role of FACTS – SVC & STATCOM

3100MW

1920MW

200MW

200MW

200MW

200MW

200MW

210MW

150MW

200MW

600MW

1000MW500MW

1000MW

36MW

312MW

370MW

320MW

100MW

200MW

350MW

330MW

1620MW

2000MW

2000MW

690MW

2250MW

2138MW

3100MW

1920MW

200MW

200MW

200MW

200MW

200MW

210MW

150MW

200MW

600MW

1000MW500MW

1000MW

36MW

312MW

370MW

320MW

100MW

200MW

350MW

330MW

1620MW

2000MW

2000MW

690MW

2250MW

2138MW

HVDC Projects in North America

8

We can all agree….

� Goal: Increase Quality and Quantity

� Faculty Resources are Limited

9

Is there a Faculty Hiring Freeze at your University?

1. Yes

2. No

10

“ The new wind projects account for about 30% of the entire new power-producing capacity added nationally in 2007 ….”

Solar is today where wind was 5-8 years ago.

11

Young People are Concerned about the Environment - We can tap into their

enthusiasm to make a difference and provide them a career path.

12

Wind Generation: Example of an Integrated System

0 69010 60

VHz

−−

34.5kV

161kV

Power ElectronicsConverters

V

Time0

60Hz

Zero-VoltageRide-Through

Generator

690V

BULKPowerSystem

13

Complementary Courses:

- Analog/Digital Control

- DSPs, FPGAs- Programming Languages

- Heat Transfer- Thermo

Our Integrated Curriculum –Only 3 Courses

Core Courses

Power Electronics

Electric Drives

Power Systems

Core Courses

Power Electronics

Electric Drives

Power Systems

Students are Broadly Trained; They can work in any field of EE.

14

Increasing Student Enrollments –

2008-2009 Enrollments :Power Systems: 90Power Electronics: 118Electric Drives: 124

15

Resources:

Power Electronics:

Electric Drives:

Power Systems:

SoftwareLab:MATLAB/SimulinkPowerWorldPSCAD-EMTDC

PSpice Lab:

16

2008 Annual WorkshopNapa, CA Feb 7-9, 2008

2010 Annual WorkshopTucson, AZ Feb 4-6, 2010

2009 Annual WorkshopNapa, CA Feb 13-15, 2009

(Nearly 150 participants; 35 ECE Dept Heads)

17

Weeklong Summer Training Workshops: (sponsored by ONR-NSF-EPRI-AEP)

• Oregon State University

• July 4-6, 2010

• In collaboration with Prof. Ted Brekken of OSU

18

Goal of ONR/NSF Grants Supported by EPRI & AEP:

Affect Curricular Change in at least 175 Schools Nationwide

– Adapted so far in various combinations at > 100 schools

Parallel International Effort

19

Next Step: Online Course Modules

• Certificates for Practicing Engineers

• Use in Courses at other Universities (ABET: 432)

• Graduate Courses and Certificates

Center for Innovation – Electric Energy Systems

(CI-EESE)

• Midwest ISO

• New York ISO

• ISO - New England

• Air Force Research Lab

• Hamilton Sundstrand

• Ulteig Engineers

• UMCEE Members

Benefit to Members: Courses are free to all their employees

Membership Fee: 10,000 $/year

20

Characteristics of Online Courses:

� Modular

� Tightly-Coupled to our Textbooks

� CEUs/PDH

� Low Cost: $70/Module

21

Pedagogy-

� Motivation:

� Students are actively engaged

� Procedure:

� Pre-class: watch a 20-minute module and answer a brief online quiz

� During-class: discuss and solve real-world, design-oriented, somewhat open-ended problems in small groups

� Post-class: homework problems on individual basis

22

Course in Power Electronics

Converter

Controller

Source Load

Power ElectronicsInterface

Converter

Controller

Source Load

Power ElectronicsInterface

To Enables Power Exchange between:

DC DC

DC AC

AC Variable Frequency AC

⇔

⇔

⇔

23

Example:

24

conv1 conv2

controller

utility Load

conv1 conv2

controller

utility Load

A Common Topology: Voltage-Link Converters

Switching Power-Pole: Building-block of converters- Synthesis by Pulse-Width Modulation- Bidirectional Power Flow

Av

inV+

-

+

-

Ai

1or0Aq =

A sd T

dAi

upT

sT

Aq

Av

0

0t

t

1

inV

Av

Av

inV+

-

+

-

Ai

1or0Aq =

A sd T

dAi

upT

sT

Aq

Av

0

0t

t

1

inV

Av

25

−

+ov

*

FB ok V

PWM-IC

cv dControllerPulse Width

Modulation

Power Stageand Load

FBk

∑−

+ov

*

FB ok V

PWM-IC

cv dControllerPulse Width

Modulation

Power Stageand Load

FBk

∑

Feedback Controller Design assisted by PSpice:

q

inV

Li

Buck Boost

(1 )q q− = − 1: d

Li

inV

(a) (c)(b)

Li

q

1q =

q

inV

Li

Buck Boost

(1 )q q− = − 1: d

Li

inV

(a) (c)(b)

Li

q

1q =

Average Representation of the Switching Power-Pole:

26

+

-

ai

ac motor

a

b

c

dV n

( )b

+

-

dV vo

io

dc motor

a

b

+

−ea+

−

( )a

+

-

ai

ac motor

a

b

c

dV n

( )b

+

-

dV vo

io

dc motor

a

b

+

−ea+

−

( )a

Converters for DC and AC Motor Drives:

27

Topics Covered in this Course:� Switch-Mode Converters

�Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost

�Flyback, Forward, Full-Bridge

�DC and AC Motor Drives

�Power-Factor-Correction Circuits

� Feedback Control

� Thyristor Converters

Textbook:

- Presentation Slides

- Solutions Manual

28

Course on

Electric DrivesTeaching Machines as a subcomponent of Drive Systems

Power Processing Unit (PPU)fixed

form

measured speed/ position

speed /position

Motor

Electric Drive

Load

input command (speed / position)

Power

Signal

adjustable form

Electric Source(utility)

Sensors

Controller

- Harnessing of Wind Energy

- Electric and Hybrid-Electric Vehicles

29

Course Objectives:� Analyze� Control � System Design (not machine design)

Two Common Principles:

emf Bi= ℓ

(a) (b)add

�����subtract

�����

external fieldB

emf

add

�����subtract

�����

external fieldB

emf

resultant

emf

resultant

emf

(c)

i

ℓ

emf

B

i

ℓ

emf

B

e B u= ℓqf +

u

(into paper)B

qf +

u

(into paper)B

(b)(a)

qf −

qf +

u

(into paper)B

−

+

ℓ

qf −

qf +

u

(into paper)B

−

+

ℓ

30

Use of Space Vectors:

(a) (b)

axisc −

axisa −

axisb −

N

S

bi

ai

ci

mθ

( )m tθ

( )rB t���

axisa −

Similar to use of Phasors:

(a) (b)

( )i t

ˆV V 0= ∠

L

R

C

I

Lj L j Xω =

R

C

1j j X

Cω

− = −

ˆv( t ) V cos( t )ω=

+

−

( )i t

ˆV V 0= ∠

L

R

C

I

Lj L j Xω =

R

C

1j j X

Cω

− = −

ˆv( t ) V cos( t )ω=

+

−

Im

Z

cjX−

R

LjX

Re0

Im

Z

cjX−

R

LjX

Re0

(c)

Im ag inary

Real

Positiveang les

I I φ= ∠ −

V V 0= ∠

φ−

Im ag inary

Real

Positiveang lesPositiveang les

I I φ= ∠ −

V V 0= ∠

φ−

31

(a) (b)

rB���

mθ

axisa −

si��

N

S

ˆsI

magnetic axis of

equivalent

winding

axisc −

axisa −

axisb −

N

S

bi

ai

ci

mθ

rB���

o90

'a

a

si��

at t

o90

�.

. .

ˆ ˆ( ) cos cos2

sem r s

cond lengthflux density at

no of cond in d

NdT r B I d

ξξ

ξ ξ ξ ξ= ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ℓ�����

�������

/ 2 / 2

2

/ 2 / 2

ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ2 ( ) 2 cos ( )2 2

s sem em r s r s

N NT dT r B I d r B I

ξ π π

ξ π π

ξ ξ ξ π=

=− −

= × = ⋅ =∫ ∫ℓ ℓ

Physics-based Analysis:

32

Topics:� Designing for the Mechanical Load

� DC Motor Drives

� Permanent Magnet AC Drives

� Induction Motor Drives: Steady State and V/f Control

� Stepper and Switched-Reluctance Drives

� Feedback Control

� Power Quality Considerations

Textbook:

- Presentation Slides

- Solutions Manual

33

First Course on

Power Systems

13.8 kVTransmission line

Generator

Load

Feeder

Step up Transformer

34

� Balanced Coverage of Topics

� Changing Landscape and Resources

� Apparatus in Generation & Delivery of Power

� Analysis and Operation

� Fault Protection

Textbook:

- Presentation Slides

- Solutions Manual

35

36

37