El subjuntivo El subjuntivo Srta. Cojocnean Srta. Cojocnean Español III – IBEspañol III – IB

ίίQuiero que aprendan el Quiero que aprendan el subjuntivo! subjuntivo! ίίTodos… no Todos… no

hay excepciones! hay excepciones!

The Subjunctive Mood The Subjunctive Mood

The term mood The term mood describes the form describes the form of the verb showing of the verb showing the subject’s the subject’s attitude. attitude.

There are two There are two moods in Spanish moods in Spanish the indicative mood the indicative mood and the subjunctive. and the subjunctive.

The Indicative Mood The Indicative Mood

States facts and States facts and expresses certainty expresses certainty or reality. or reality.

Yo sé que hoy es Yo sé que hoy es día de fiesta. día de fiesta.

Quiero comer Quiero comer tapas. tapas.

Viajé a México la Viajé a México la semana pasada. semana pasada.

The Subjunctive Mood The Subjunctive Mood

Expresses uncertainty, Expresses uncertainty, doubts wishes, doubts wishes, desires, supposition desires, supposition and conditions that and conditions that are unrealor contrary are unrealor contrary to fact. to fact.

Yo Yo dudodudo que hoy sea que hoy sea dia de fiesta. dia de fiesta.

EsperoEspero que ella me que ella me llame mas tarde. llame mas tarde.

No No creocreo que el viaje que el viaje sea difícil. sea difícil.

Sentences with subjunctive Sentences with subjunctive alwaysalways: :

• HAVE TWO PARTSHAVE TWO PARTS A MAIN CLAUSE with A MAIN CLAUSE with

a verb in the a verb in the INDICATIVE that INDICATIVE that expresses wanting, expresses wanting, wishing, doubt, wishing, doubt, emotion, etc. emotion, etc.

DEPENDENT CLAUSE DEPENDENT CLAUSE in the subjunctive. in the subjunctive.

AndAnd……HAVE TWO SUBJECTSHAVE TWO SUBJECTS YoYo espero que espero que ttúú hayas hayas

hecho la tarea.hecho la tarea.I hope that you had done I hope that you had done

the homework. the homework. La Srta. Cojocnean espera La Srta. Cojocnean espera

que los estudiantes que los estudiantes estudien para el examen estudien para el examen final. final.

Srta. Cojocnean hopes Srta. Cojocnean hopes that the students would that the students would study for the final exam. study for the final exam.

AndAnd……

HAVE HAVE QUE QUE IN THE IN THE MIDDLEMIDDLE

Yo espero Yo espero queque t túú hayas hecho la hayas hecho la tarea. tarea.

La srta. Cojocnean La srta. Cojocnean espera espera queque los los estudiantes estudien estudiantes estudien para el examen final. para el examen final.

*Notice that the SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD *Notice that the SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD consists of two clauses, joined together by consists of two clauses, joined together by

“QUE”:“QUE”: Main ClauseMain Clause ConjConj.. Dependant Dependant

ClauseClause • It is bad It is bad that that we can’t go. we can’t go. Es horrible Es horrible que que no podamos irno podamos ir. . • I doubt I doubt thatthat you will survive you will survive

the accident. the accident. DudoDudo queque vayanvayan a a

sobrevivir el accidente. sobrevivir el accidente.

Both the Both the IndicativeIndicative and the and the SubjunctiveSubjunctive mood mood are used in compound sentences which are are used in compound sentences which are connected by connected by queque. .

The mood that is used depends on the The mood that is used depends on the main main clauseclause..

• La gente sabe que Brian vendrá a la fiesta. La gente sabe que Brian vendrá a la fiesta. (indicative – certainty) (indicative – certainty)

• People know that Brian will come to the party. People know that Brian will come to the party.

• No creo que Brian venga a la fiesta. (subjunctive No creo que Brian venga a la fiesta. (subjunctive – doubt) – doubt)

• I don’t believe that Brian will come to the party. I don’t believe that Brian will come to the party.

Ejemplos Ejemplos Raúl quiere sacar buenas notas. Raúl quiere sacar buenas notas.

*No subjunctive because no change of *No subjunctive because no change of subject. subject.

Mi Mi maestramaestra quiere quiere queque yoyo saque saque buenas notas. buenas notas.

*This includes a verb of wanting and a *This includes a verb of wanting and a chnage of subject so subjunctive is chnage of subject so subjunctive is used. used.

How do we form the How do we form the Subjunctive?Subjunctive?Take the first person of the present Take the first person of the present

indicative indicative

Ejemplo: Yo hablEjemplo: Yo hablo o – – Drop the “o” Drop the “o” Add the opposite vowel Add the opposite vowel

Ejemplo: Yo hablEjemplo: Yo hablee AR = E AR = E ER, IR = A ER, IR = A

AR verbs AR verbs ER&IR verbs ER&IR verbs ee a a es es asasee aaEmosEmos amosamosen en an an

TRABAJAR – TRABAJO TRABAJAR – TRABAJO

AR=E AR=E

TrabajTrabajee trabajtrabajemosemos

TrabajTrabajeses trabajtrabajéiséis

TrabajTrabaje e trabajtrabajenen

CORRER – CORRO CORRER – CORRO ESCRIBIR- ESCRIBIR- ESCRIBO ESCRIBO

ER = A ER = A

CorrCorraa corrcorramosamos

CorrCorras as corrcorráis áis

CorrCorra a corrcorranan

IR = A IR = A

EscribEscriba a escribescribamosamos

EscribEscribasas escribescribáisáis

EscribEscriba a escribescriban an

When to use the When to use the Subjunctive Subjunctive Use the subjunctive in the Use the subjunctive in the

dependant clause when the main dependant clause when the main clause verb expresses: clause verb expresses:

Influence Influence Doubt and denial Doubt and denial Emotion Emotion Impersonal expressions Impersonal expressions

Verbs of Influence Verbs of Influence Querer – to want Querer – to want Desear – to desire Desear – to desire Pedir – to ask Pedir – to ask Rogar – to beg Rogar – to beg Aconsejar – to adviseAconsejar – to adviseDecir – to tell (someone to do Decir – to tell (someone to do

something) something)

……AndAndEsperar – to hope Esperar – to hope Exigir – to demand Exigir – to demand Insistir – to insist Insistir – to insist Mandar – to command Mandar – to command Preferir – to prefer Preferir – to prefer Sugerir – to suggest Sugerir – to suggest Recomendar – to recommend Recomendar – to recommend

Verbs of doubtVerbs of doubt•DudarDudar to doubtto doubt

•No creerNo creer to not to not believebelieve

•No pensarNo pensar to not thinkto not think

•No estar seguroNo estar seguro to not be to not be suresure

•No es ciertoNo es cierto It’s not trueIt’s not true

Verbs of EmotionVerbs of Emotion•AlegrarseAlegrarse to get happyto get happy

•Estar alegreEstar alegre to be happyto be happy

•Estar contentoEstar contento to be happy/contentto be happy/content

•Estar tristeEstar triste to be sadto be sad

•SentirSentir to feelto feel

•SorprenderseSorprenderse to be surprisedto be surprised

•TemerTemer to fearto fear

•Tener miedoTener miedo to be afraidto be afraid

Impersonal expressionsImpersonal expressions•Ojalá = I hopeOjalá = I hope

•Es buenoEs bueno

•Es dudoso/dudable (dubious)Es dudoso/dudable (dubious)

•Es importanteEs importante

•Es interesanteEs interesante

•Es necesarioEs necesario

•Es posibleEs posible

•Es probableEs probable

•Es una lástimaEs una lástima

Impersonal expressions that Impersonal expressions that DO NOTDO NOT use the subjunctive use the subjunctive

•CreerCreer

•Es verdadEs verdad

•Es ciertoEs cierto

•Es obvioEs obvio

•Es evidenteEs evidente

•Estar seguro(a)Estar seguro(a)

•PareceParece

•PensarPensar

OjalOjaláá•Always use SUBJUNCTIVE after Always use SUBJUNCTIVE after the expression OJALÁ, meaning the expression OJALÁ, meaning I HOPE.I HOPE.

•OjaláOjalá que podamos ir al juego. que podamos ir al juego.

•OjaláOjalá que el legado de Elvis que el legado de Elvis viva para siempre.viva para siempre.

Busca el subjuntivoBusca el subjuntivo

• JJoe quiere que toe quiere que tú vayas a la escuela.ú vayas a la escuela.

• Es imporante que hagas la tarea.Es imporante que hagas la tarea.

• Es una lástima que no puedas ir a la fiesta. Es una lástima que no puedas ir a la fiesta.

• Me alegro que estés bien.Me alegro que estés bien.

• Ojalá que no llueva hoy.Ojalá que no llueva hoy.

Sorry but…..Irregular Sorry but…..Irregular subjunctives forms…subjunctives forms…

•Dar dDar dé, des, dé , demos , deis,dené, des, dé , demos , deis,den

•Estar estEstar estéé, est, estéés, ests, estéé, estemos,est, estemos,esténén

• Ir vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayanIr vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan

•Saber sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos,sepanSaber sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos,sepan

•Ser sea, seas, sea, seamos, seanSer sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean

Spelling changes…..Spelling changes…..

The subjunctive has the same spelling The subjunctive has the same spelling changes as the ustedes commands:changes as the ustedes commands:

• Hey yooooo, hey yooooo….Hey yooooo, hey yooooo….

• You take the G A R … make it G U EYou take the G A R … make it G U E

• You take the C A R … make it Q U E You take the C A R … make it Q U E

• You take the Z A R … make it C E You take the Z A R … make it C E (hmmmmmmm) (hmmmmmmm)

Subjunctive Stem Subjunctive Stem ChangesChanges…………• PensarPensar Piense, pienses, piense, Piense, pienses, piense,

pensemos, piensenpensemos, piensen

e- e- ieie

• PoderPoder pueda, puedas, pueda, pueda, puedas, pueda, podamos, puedanpodamos, puedan

o-o-ueue

And…….And…….

PedirPedir pida, pidas, pida, pida, pidas, pida, pidamos, pidanpidamos, pidane = Ie = I

Preferir Preferir prefprefieiera, prefra, prefieieras, prefras, prefieiera, ra, prefprefiiramos, ramos,

prefprefieieranrane = e = ieie, , II

DormirDormir ddueuermo, drmo, dueuermas, drmas, dueuerma, rma, dduurmamos, rmamos,

ddueuermanrmano = o = ueue, , u u

Ojalá que todos Ojalá que todos aprendamos aprendamos el el

subjuntivo !subjuntivo !