Repaso del Presente y El Subjuntivo

(Presente)Los T.A.s del Señor Bilsbury

You use the subjunctive form of verbs when there is doubt or uncertainty

***Usually used after WEIRDOs

When to use El Subjuntivo:

WishEmotionImpersonal ExpressionRequestDoubtOrder/command

WEIRDOs

● These verbs indicate that subjunctive will follow after the “que”

VERBOS (all need to be conjugated expect Ojalá):Ojalá: I hopeEsperar: to hopePreferir: to preferDesear: to desire

WEIRDOs: Wish indicators

+ “que” + el subjuntivo

● These verbs indicate that subjunctive will follow after the “que”

Verbos (these need to be conjugated):Tener Miedo: To be fraidSorprender: to surpriseEstar + any spanish emotion: to beAsombrar: to shockAlegrarse: to be happySentir: to feelGustar: to like

WEIRDOs: Emotion indicators

+ “que” + el subjuntivo

● These verbs indicate that subjunctive will follow after the “que”

Es importante: It’s importantEs necesario:It’s necessaryEs justo: It’s just(fair) Es bueno: It’s goodEs urgente: It’s urgentEs una lástima: It’s a pityBasta: It’s enoughConviene: It is suitableParece mentira: It is hard to believe

WEIRDOs: Impersonal Expressions

+ “que” + el subjuntivo

● These verbs indicate that subjunctive will follow after the “que”

Verbos (need to be conjugated):Suplicar: to pleadPedir: to orderInsistir: to insistRogar (o→ue): to beg

WEIRDOs: Request Indicators

+ “que” + el subjuntivo

● These verbs indicate that subjunctive will follow after the “que”

Verbos (need to be conjugated):Dudar: to doubtNegar: to deny

WEIRDOs: Doubt Indicators

+ “que” + el subjuntivo

● These verbs indicate that subjunctive will follow after the “que”

Verbo (needs to be conjugated):Mandar: to commandDecir: To tell someone to do somethingProhibir: to prohibitImpedir:to impedeAconsejar:to advise

WEIRDOs: Order/Command Indicators

+ “que” + el subjuntivo

● There are 4 different sets of indicators that are sometimes, if not always, used to show that you do not use subjunctive○ 1. Saber○ 2. No (dudar)/ No (negar)○ 3. Creer/Pensar***○ 4. Impersonal Expressions that have

certainty***

Non-WEIRDOs***There are exceptions where you use Subjunctive

● You NEVER use subjunctive with the verb Saber○ Ej. “Yo sé que las chicas beben el agua”

■ I know that the girls drink water

Non-WEIRDO: Saber

● If you use the word “no” before the conjugated verbs of dudar or negar (which are WEIRDOs), then they become non-WEIRDOs○ Ej. No dudas que los tacos son deliciosos

■ You don’t doubt that the tacos are delicious

Non-WEIRDO: No (Dudar/Negar)

If the conjugated forms of creer or pensar come in the first part of the sentence, then you DO NOT use subjuntivo

● Ej: I believe (creer) that the boys have a game today.○ Creo que los chicos tienen un partido

hoy.

Non-WEIRDOs: Creer/Pensar***

● These phrases typically contain certainty, so you don’t use Subjunctive

● Ej: Es cierto (It’s certain), es seguro (It’s sure), es evidente(it’s evident), es verdad (it’s true)○ Ejemplos en frase: Es cierto que ella canta

■ It’s certain that she sings

Non-WEIRDOs: Impersonal Expressions with certainty***

***With these categories of Non-WEIRDOs, it is possible to use subjunctive...ONLY IF:

● The word “no” is included in the phrase

● There are question marks “¿?”

Non-WEIRDOs***

● ¿Piensas que ellos beban la leche?○ Do you think they drink milk?

● Piensas que ellos beben la leche.○ You think they drink milk.

● Es evidente que él es inteligente○ It’s evident that he is intelligent

● No es evidente que él sea inteligente○ It is not evident that he is intelligent

Non-WEIRDOs: Ejemplos***(El verbo es “beber”)

Subjuntivo

All that you need to do, for most cases, is take the “yo” form of the verb, and drop the ‘o’. After that, you add the opposite ending to the verb.

● If the verb is an -AR verb, add an ‘e’ to the end. if the verb is -ER/-IR, add an ‘a’ to the end. Conjugate like you would any normal verb from there.

How to use El Subjuntivo

WEIRDO + “que” + el subjuntivo

The “equation” with WEIRDOs

Bailar

Ejemplos:-AR verb

Baile

Bailes

Baile

Bailemos

Bailéis

Bailen

Comer Salir (yo→go)

Ejemplos: -ER/-IR verbs

Coma

Comas

Coma

Comamos

Comáis

Coman

Salga

Salgas

Salga

Salgamos

Salgáis

Salgan

I hope that you eat chinese food.● Espero que tú comas la comida de china.

She insists that we dance.● Ella insiste que nosotros bailemos.

Ejemplos: Frases con WEIRDOs

All the groups of irregulars in the present tense (They’ll all be explained further):● Irregulares de “Yo”● Irregulares de todos formas● e→ie (-AR/-ER)● o→ue(-AR/-ER)● e→ie(-IR)● o→ue(-IR)● e→i

Irregular verbs in the present tense

● -UIR endings● -IAR/-UAR endings● -GER/GIR endings● -GUIR endings● Vowel + cer (not hacer)● Vowel + cir (not decir)● Consonant + cer

Caber to fit “Quepo”Caerse to fall “Me caigo”Dar to give “Doy”Hacer to make, to do “Hago”Poner to put “Pongo”Saber to know (facts) “Sé”Salir to leave “Salgo”Traer to bring “Traigo”Valer to be worth “Valgo”Ver to see “Veo”

Irregulares de “Yo”El forma de “yo”

*The rest of the conjugations of these verbs are normal

Decir (to say/tell) Digo/dices/dice/decimos/decís/dicenEstar (to be) Estoy/estás/está/estamos/estáis/estánIr (to go) Voy/vas/va/vamos/vais/vanOír (to hear) Oigo/oyes/oye/Oímos/Oís/oyenSer (to be) Soy/eres/es/somos/sois/sonTener (to have) Tengo/tienes/tiene/tenemos/tenéis/tienenVenir (to come) Vengo/vienes/viene/venimos/venís/vienen

*All of the bolded ‘yo’ forms are important for the subjunctive forms of the verb

Irregulares de todos formas

Boot verbs:

E→IE

-AR Confesar (to confess) -ER Querer (to want) -IR Sentirse (to feel)

Confieso

Confiesas

Confiesa

Confesamos

Confesáis

Confiesan

Quiero

Quieres

Quiere

Queremos

Queréis

Quieren

Me siento

Te sientes

Se siente

Nos sentimos

Os sentís

se sienten

*All forms change from e→ie EXCEPT for the Nosotros and Vosotros forms. Those forms are conjugated as you normally would

Cerrar to closeComenzar to begin, to startConfesar to confessDespertarse to wake upEmpezar to begin, to startPensar to thinkNevar to snowSentarse to sit downQuerer to wantEntender to understandPerder to lose

Verbos de E→IE (-AR/-ER)

Advertir to warnConvertir to convertDivertirse to have funHervir to boilMentir to liePreferir to preferSentir to regretSentirse to feel

Verbos de E→IE (-IR)

Boot verbs:

O→UE

-AR Jugar (to play) -ER Poder (to be able to) -IR Dormir (to sleep)

Juego

Juegas

Juega

Jugamos

Jugáis

Juegan

Puedo

Puedes

Puede

Podemos

Podéis

Pueden

Duermo

Duermes

Duerme

Dormimos

Dormís

Duermen

*All forms change from o→ue EXCEPT for the Nosotros and Vosotros forms. Those forms are conjugated as you normally would

Almorzar to eat lunchCostar to costDemostrar to demonstrateEncontrar to findJugar (u→ue) to playMostrar to showRecordar to rememberSoñar to dreamLlover to rainOler (‘h’ en la bota) to smell (ej. huele, hueles, huele, olemos)Poder to be able toResolver to resolveVolver to return

Verbos de O→UE (-AR/-ER)

Dormir to sleepMorir to die

Verbos de O→UE (-IR)

Boot verbs (only for -IR verbs):

E→I

Medir (to measure) Pedir (to order) Repetir (to repeat)

Mido

Mides

Mide

Medimos

Medís

Miden

Pido

Pides

Pide

Pedimos

Pedís

Piden

Repito

Repites

Repite

Repetimos

Repetís

Repiten

*All forms change from e→i EXCEPT for the Nosotros and Vosotros forms. Those forms are conjugated as you normally would

Despedir to fire (from a job)Impedir to impedeMedir to measurePedir to orderReírse (acentos extras) to laughSonreír (acentos extras) to smileRepetir to repeatVestirse to dress

Verbos de E→I (-IR)

● Drop the “uir” and add a ‘Y’, then conjugate as you normally would (These ARE boot verbs)

-UIR Endings

Atribuir (to attribute)

Atribuyo

Atribuyes

Atribuye

Atribuimos

Atribuís

Atribuyen

Huir (to flee)

Huyo

Huyes

Huye

Huimos

Huís

Huyen

Atribuir to attributeConcluir to concludeConstruir to constructContribuir to contributeDestruir to destroyDistribuir to distributeHuir to fleeIncluir to includeInfluir to influence

Verbos de -UIR

● Add an accent over the ‘i’ or the ‘u’ before the conjugation (for boot verb conjugations (not Nosotros or Vosotros))

-IAR/-UAR Endings

Espiar (to spy)

Espío

Espías

Espía

Espiamos

Espiáis

Espían

Graduarse (to graduate)

Me gradúo

Te gradúas

Se gradúa

Nos graduamos

Os graduáis

Se gradúan

Confiar (en) to trustEnviar to sendEspiar to spyGuiar to guideVariar to varyContinuar to continueActuar to actGraduarse to graduate

Verbos de -IAR/-UAR

● These verbs have “Yo→jo” endings. (Only used in the ‘yo’ form)

-GER/-GIR Endings

Coger (to grab, catch)

Cojo

Coges

Coge

Cogemos

Cogéis

Cogen

Dirigir (to direct)

Dirijo

Diriges

Dirige

Dirigimos

Dirigís

Dirigen

Coger to grab, catchEncoger to shrink, shrugEscoger to chooseProteger to protectRecoger to gather, collectAfligir to afflict, grieveCorregir to correctDirigir to directElegir to electFingir to fake, pretend

Verbos de -GER/-GIR

● These verbs have “Yo→go” endings. (Only used in the ‘yo’ form)

-GUIR Endings

Seguir (to follow) *e→i

Sigo

Sigues

Sigue

Seguimos

Seguís

Siguen

Distinguir (to distinguish)

Distingo

Distingues

Distingue

Distinguimos

Distinguís

Distinguen

Conseguir (e→i) to get, obtainDistinguir to distinguishExtinguir to extinguishPerseguir (e→i) to pursueProseguir (e→i) to proceedSeguir (e→i) to follow

Verbos de -GUIR

● Does not include “Hacer,” the conjugation is “Yo→zco”

Endings with Vowels+cer

Crecer (to grow)

Crezco

Creces

Crece

Crecemos

Crecéis

Crecen

Parecer (to seem, appear)

Parezco

Pareces

Parece

Parecemos

Parecéis

Parecen

Aborrecer to hate Obedecer to obey

Agradecer to thank Parecer to seem, appear

Aparecer to appear Permanecer to remain

Crecer to grow Pertenecer to pertain

Conocer to know (person / place) Reconocer to recognize

Desaparecer to disappear

Establecer to establish

Merecer to deserve

Nacer to be born

Verbos con vocales+cer

● Does not include “Decir,” the conjugation is “Yo→zco”

Endings with Vowels+cir

Conducir (to drive)

Conduzco

Conduces

Conduce

Conducimos

Conducís

Conducen

Traducir (to translate)

Traduzco

Traduces

Traduce

Traducimos

Traducís

Traducen

Conducir to drive

Producir to produce

Reducir to reduce

Traducir to translate

Verbos con vocales+cir

● The conjugation is “Yo→zo”

Endings with Consonants+cer

Vencer (to defeat)

Venzo

Vences

Vence

Vencemos

Vencéis

Vencen

Torcerse (to twist) *o→ue

Me tuerzo

Te tuerces

Se tuerce

Nos torcemos

Os torcéis

Se tuercen

Vencer to defeat

Torcerse to twist

Ejercer to exert

Verbos con consonantes+cer

To use subjunctive, you must keep in mind all of these rules! These rules still apply to subjunctive conjugations (the ‘yo’ forms are very important)

Back to Subjunctive...

The list of verbs that have irregular forms (not the yo→opposite ending form).

Ser Sea/seas/sea/seamos/seáis/seanSaber Sepa/sepas/sepa/sepamos/sepáis/sepanIr (to go) Vaya/vayas/vaya/vayamos/vayáis/vayanHaber (There is/are) Haya/hayas/haya/hayamos/hayáis/hayanDar (to give) Dé/des/dé/demos/deis/denEstar Esté/estés/esté/estemos/estéis/estén

Irregulares en el Subjuntivo

Ends in -CAR→ change it to “que”Ends in -GAR→ change it to “gue”Ends in -ZAR→ change it to “ce”

Irregulares en el Subjuntivo: -CAR/-GAR/-ZAR Endings

Jugar (to play) *u→ue

Juegue

Juegues

Juegue

Juguemos

Juguéis

Jueguen

Sacar (to remove, to receive)

Saque

Saques

Saque

Saquemos

Saquéis

Saquen

Empezar (to start) *i→ie

Empiece

Empieces

Empiece

Empecemos

Empecéis

Empiecen

Decir (to say, to tell) Diga/digas/diga/digamos/digáis/diganOír (to hear) Oiga/oigas/oiga/Oigamos/oigáis/oiganTener (to have) Tenga/tengas/tenga/tengamos/tengáis/tenganVenir (to come) Venga/vengas/venga/vengamos/vengáis/vengan

*To use the subjunctive form on the bolded “yo” forms, take the “yo” form, drop the ‘o’ and add the opposite ending (the opposite ending from the infinitive version of the verb)

Irregulares en todo el verbo en El Subjuntivo

yo/tú/(él ella Usted)/nosotros/vosotros/(ellos ellas Ustedes)

Caber to fit “Quepo”Caerse to fall “Me caigo”Dar to give “Doy”Hacer to make, to do “Hago”Poner to put “Pongo”Saber to know (facts) “Sé”Salir to leave “Salgo”Traer to bring “Traigo”Valer to be worth “Valgo”Ver to see “Veo”

Irregulares de “Yo”El forma de “yo”

*The rest of the conjugations of these verbs are normal

Boot verbs:

E→IE en el Subjuntivo

-AR Confesar (to confess) -ER Querer (to want) -IR Sentirse (to feel)

Confiese

Confieses

Confiese

Confesemos

Confeséis

Confiesen

Quiera

Quieras

Quiera

Queramos

Queráis

Quieran

Me sienta

Te sientas

Se sienta

Nos sentamos

Os sentáis

se sientan

Boot verbs:

O→UE en el Subjuntivo

-AR Costar (to cost) -ER Poder (to be able to) -IR Dormir (to sleep)

Cueste

Cuestes

Cueste

Costemos

Costéis

Cuesten

Pueda

Puedas

Pueda

Podamos

Podáis

Puedan

Duerma

Duermas

Duerma

Dormamos

Dormáis

Duerman

Boot verbs (only for -IR verbs):

E→I en el Subjuntivo

Medir (to measure) Pedir (to order) Repetir (to repeat)

Mida

Midas

Mida

Midamos

Midáis

Midan

Pida

Pidas

Pida

Pidamos

Pidáis

Pidan

Repita

Repitas

Repita

Repitamos

Repitáis

Repitan

● Drop the “uir” and add a ‘Y’, then conjugate as you normally would (In all forms of the verb)

-UIR Endings en el Subjuntivo

Atribuir (to attribute)

Atribuya

Atribuyas

Atribuya

Atribuyamos

Atribuyáis

Atribuyan

Huir (to flee)

Huya

Huyas

Huya

Huyamos

Huyáis

Huyan

● Add an accent over the ‘i’ or the ‘u’ before the conjugation (for boot verb conjugations (not Nosotros or Vosotros))

-IAR/-UAR Endings en el Subjuntivo

Espiar (to spy)

Espíe

Espíes

Espíe

Espiemos

Espiéis

Espíen

Graduarse (to graduate)

Me gradúe

Te gradúes

Se gradúe

Nos graduemos

Os graduéis

Se gradúen

● These verbs have “Yo→jo” endings. That means every form has a “j” in it.

-GER/-GIR Endings en el Subjuntivo

Coger (to grab, catch)

Coja

Cojas

Coja

Cojamos

Cojáis

Cojan

Dirigir (to direct)

Dirija

Dirijas

Dirija

Dirijamos

Dirijáis

Dirijan

● These verbs have “Yo→go” endings. Use a “g” in every form for the subjunctive

-GUIR Endings en el Subjuntivo

Seguir (to follow) *e→i

Siga

Sigas

Siga

Sigamos

Sigáis

Sigan

Distinguir (to distinguish)

Distinga

Distingas

Distinga

Distingamos

Distingáis

Distingan

● Does not include “Hacer,” the conjugation is “Yo→zco”. Use “zc” for every form

Endings with Vowels+cer en el Subjuntivo

Crecer (to grow)

Crezca

Crezcas

Crezca

Crezcamos

Crezcáis

Crezcan

Parecer (to seem, appear)

Parezca

Parezcas

Parezca

Parezcamos

Parezcáis

Parezcan

● Does not include “Decir,” the conjugation is “Yo→zco”Use “zc” for every form

Endings with Vowels+cir en el Subjuntivo

Conducir (to drive)

Conduzca

Conduzcas

Conduzca

Conduzcamos

Conduzcáis

Conduzcan

Traducir (to translate)

Traduzca

Traduzcas

Traduzca

Traduzcamos

Traduzcáis

Traduzcan

● The conjugation is “Yo→zo”. Use “z” for all forms in the subjunctive

Endings with Consonants+cer en el Subjuntivo

Vencer (to defeat)

Venza

Venzas

Venza

Venzamos

Venzáis

Venzan

Torcerse (to twist) *o→ue

Me tuerza

Te tuerzas

Se tuerza

Nos torzamos

Os torzáis

Se tuerzan

Conjugemos: https://conjuguemos.com/activity.php?language=spanish&id=22&source=public&type=verbs

Study Spanish:http://www.studyspanish.com/verbs/lessons/pressubj.htm

Práctica