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El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática

El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

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Page 1: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

El imperfecto

Apuntes de gramática

Page 2: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

The ImperfectThe Imperfect

In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past.

Page 3: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

Remember this?

We’ve already learned one way of talking about the past: the preterit. It’s used to describe single actions that started and ended in the past.

Examples: Tomaron el examen el lunes

pasado. Gabriela recibió la mejor nota de todos los estudiantes.

El año pasado, fui a Costa Rica de vacaciones. Lo pasé muy bien.

Pedro se levantó, fue al baño, y se bañó.

Page 4: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

What about…?What about…?

… actions that happen more than once in the past?I used to live in

Pennsylvania.Every Christmas the

whole family would get together for a big dinner.

Page 5: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

Or how about…?Or how about…?

… actions that started in the past but didn’t finish (as far as we know):I was walking to

work when I saw an accident.

She was tired and hungry.

Page 6: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

The imperfectThe imperfect

These ideas – actions repeated in the past unfinished actions in the past descriptions about the past

are expressed using a different verb tense, called the “imperfect.” Think about it: “perfect” means

“complete,” so when a past action is incomplete, it is “imperfect.”

Page 7: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

Uses of the imperfectUses of the imperfect

Use the imperfect to express actions, conditions, and events that:were in progress at some time

in the past (“was …ing”).occurred repeatedly in the

past (“used to” or “would”).were anticipated or planned

(“was going to”).

Page 8: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

OK, what are the forms?OK, what are the forms?

Finally! The imperfect tense is probably the easiest form to learn because there are only three irregulars.

There are two sets of endings…-AR: add –aba to the baseER/IR: add –ía to the base

Page 9: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

Some examples, please!Some examples, please!

hablar cantar

hablaba cantaba

hablabas cantabas

hablaba cantaba

hablábamos cantábamos

hablabais cantabais

hablaban cantaban

Easy, huh? Don’t forget the accent on the nosotros form!

Page 10: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

How about for –ER & -IR?How about for –ER & -IR?

comer vivir

comía vivía

comías vivías

comía vivía

comíamos vivíamos

comíais vivíais

comían vivían

Same idea… Don’t forget the accent on the all the forms!

Page 11: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

Let’s try a few forms!Let’s try a few forms!

Estar:yo _________tú _________ella ________nosotros _________vosotros _________ellos __________

Page 12: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

Estar…Estar…

yo estabatú estabasella estabanosotros estábamosvosotros estabaisellos estaban

How about volver?

Page 13: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

Volver…Volver…

yo volvía tú volvías ella volvía nosotros volvíamos vosotros volvíais ellos volvían

Volver is a stem-changing verb in the present, but stem-changing verbs don’t change in the imperfect!

How about conocer?

Page 14: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

Conocer…Conocer…

yo conocíatú conocíasella conocíanosotros conocíamosvosotros conocíaisellos conocían

Conocer is irregular in the present, but not in the imperfect!

How about decir?

Page 15: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

Decir…Decir…

yo decía tú decías ella decía nosotros decíamos vosotros decíais ellos decían

Decir is stem-changing and irregular in both the present and the preterite, but it’s regular in the imperfect!

How about levantarse?

Page 16: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

Aburrirse…Aburrirse…

yo me aburría tú te aburrías ella se aburría nosotros nos aburríamos vosotros os aburríais ellos se aburrían

Reflexive verbs work the same as in the present – don’t forget to put the reflexive pronoun in front of the verb!

How about those three irregulars?

Page 17: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

SSer, ir, ver

ser ir verera iba veíaeras ibas veíasera iba veíaéramos íbamos veíamoserais ibais veíaiseran iban veían

That’s all, folks – no other irregular imperfect forms in Spanish.

Page 18: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

A piece of cake!A piece of cake!

The forms are that simple!We’ll look at the

differences between the two past forms – the preterite and the imperfect – in a later slide show.

Page 19: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

PrácticaInstrucciones: Llena los espacios con la forma

correcta del verbo, usando el imperfecto.

1. Cuando era niña, yo _________ (jugar) con muñecas.

2. De niño, Pedro ___________ (construir) con bloques.

3. Todos los domingos, mi familia y yo ___________ (ir) a la iglesia.

4. Martín y Francisco _________ (ver) películas todos los días.

5. Tú __________ (ser) muy tímido, ¿verdad?

6. Cuando erais estudiantes, vosotros _____________ (preocuparse) antes de un examen.

7. Yo _____________ (comer) sándwiches de atún todos los días.

8. Mis amigos siempre ____________ (beber) jugo cuando eran niños.

9. Nosotros ______________ (correr) en el parque.

10. Juana _______________ (caerse) mucho cuando era niña.

Page 20: El imperfecto Apuntes de gramática The Imperfect In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past

PrácticaInstrucciones: Translate to Spanish.

1. I used to jump rope every day when I was young.

2. My stepsister used to play with dolls.

3. The twins (f) used to be shy.

4. My nephew used to build with blocks when he was young.

5. You (fam.) used to be scared of the dark (la oscuridad), right?

6. We used to enjoy ourselves at Gabriela’s parties.

7. Laura’s boyfriend used to get tired in math class.

8. My great-grandfather used to tell jokes.