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El imperfecto
Apuntes de gramática
The ImperfectThe Imperfect
In this presentation, we will look at another way of talking about the past.
Remember this?
We’ve already learned one way of talking about the past: the preterit. It’s used to describe single actions that started and ended in the past.
Examples: Tomaron el examen el lunes
pasado. Gabriela recibió la mejor nota de todos los estudiantes.
El año pasado, fui a Costa Rica de vacaciones. Lo pasé muy bien.
Pedro se levantó, fue al baño, y se bañó.
What about…?What about…?
… actions that happen more than once in the past?I used to live in
Pennsylvania.Every Christmas the
whole family would get together for a big dinner.
Or how about…?Or how about…?
… actions that started in the past but didn’t finish (as far as we know):I was walking to
work when I saw an accident.
She was tired and hungry.
The imperfectThe imperfect
These ideas – actions repeated in the past unfinished actions in the past descriptions about the past
are expressed using a different verb tense, called the “imperfect.” Think about it: “perfect” means
“complete,” so when a past action is incomplete, it is “imperfect.”
Uses of the imperfectUses of the imperfect
Use the imperfect to express actions, conditions, and events that:were in progress at some time
in the past (“was …ing”).occurred repeatedly in the
past (“used to” or “would”).were anticipated or planned
(“was going to”).
OK, what are the forms?OK, what are the forms?
Finally! The imperfect tense is probably the easiest form to learn because there are only three irregulars.
There are two sets of endings…-AR: add –aba to the baseER/IR: add –ía to the base
Some examples, please!Some examples, please!
hablar cantar
hablaba cantaba
hablabas cantabas
hablaba cantaba
hablábamos cantábamos
hablabais cantabais
hablaban cantaban
Easy, huh? Don’t forget the accent on the nosotros form!
How about for –ER & -IR?How about for –ER & -IR?
comer vivir
comía vivía
comías vivías
comía vivía
comíamos vivíamos
comíais vivíais
comían vivían
Same idea… Don’t forget the accent on the all the forms!
Let’s try a few forms!Let’s try a few forms!
Estar:yo _________tú _________ella ________nosotros _________vosotros _________ellos __________
Estar…Estar…
yo estabatú estabasella estabanosotros estábamosvosotros estabaisellos estaban
How about volver?
Volver…Volver…
yo volvía tú volvías ella volvía nosotros volvíamos vosotros volvíais ellos volvían
Volver is a stem-changing verb in the present, but stem-changing verbs don’t change in the imperfect!
How about conocer?
Conocer…Conocer…
yo conocíatú conocíasella conocíanosotros conocíamosvosotros conocíaisellos conocían
Conocer is irregular in the present, but not in the imperfect!
How about decir?
Decir…Decir…
yo decía tú decías ella decía nosotros decíamos vosotros decíais ellos decían
Decir is stem-changing and irregular in both the present and the preterite, but it’s regular in the imperfect!
How about levantarse?
Aburrirse…Aburrirse…
yo me aburría tú te aburrías ella se aburría nosotros nos aburríamos vosotros os aburríais ellos se aburrían
Reflexive verbs work the same as in the present – don’t forget to put the reflexive pronoun in front of the verb!
How about those three irregulars?
SSer, ir, ver
ser ir verera iba veíaeras ibas veíasera iba veíaéramos íbamos veíamoserais ibais veíaiseran iban veían
That’s all, folks – no other irregular imperfect forms in Spanish.
A piece of cake!A piece of cake!
The forms are that simple!We’ll look at the
differences between the two past forms – the preterite and the imperfect – in a later slide show.
PrácticaInstrucciones: Llena los espacios con la forma
correcta del verbo, usando el imperfecto.
1. Cuando era niña, yo _________ (jugar) con muñecas.
2. De niño, Pedro ___________ (construir) con bloques.
3. Todos los domingos, mi familia y yo ___________ (ir) a la iglesia.
4. Martín y Francisco _________ (ver) películas todos los días.
5. Tú __________ (ser) muy tímido, ¿verdad?
6. Cuando erais estudiantes, vosotros _____________ (preocuparse) antes de un examen.
7. Yo _____________ (comer) sándwiches de atún todos los días.
8. Mis amigos siempre ____________ (beber) jugo cuando eran niños.
9. Nosotros ______________ (correr) en el parque.
10. Juana _______________ (caerse) mucho cuando era niña.
PrácticaInstrucciones: Translate to Spanish.
1. I used to jump rope every day when I was young.
2. My stepsister used to play with dolls.
3. The twins (f) used to be shy.
4. My nephew used to build with blocks when he was young.
5. You (fam.) used to be scared of the dark (la oscuridad), right?
6. We used to enjoy ourselves at Gabriela’s parties.
7. Laura’s boyfriend used to get tired in math class.
8. My great-grandfather used to tell jokes.