Apuntes de gramática

We use the present tense to talk about:◦ What is happening right now (in the present)

Can be translated as “am / is / are …ing”◦ What we do repeatedly or habitually

Ejemplos:◦ I do my homework every day.◦ María never talks in class.◦ I am taking notes in Spanish class right now.◦ My friends are sending me text messages.

Yo:-o

Nosotros/as:-amos

Tú-as

Vosotros/as:-áis

Él/Ella/Usted-a

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes-an

To talk about what is happening right now, or to talk about what people do habitually in Spanish, we do two things:

1.Remove the –AR from the end of the verb

2.Add one of the following endings, based on the subject:

Examples:◦ Patinar: To skate

Yo patino I skate

Nosotros/as patinamosWe skate

Tú patinas You (familiar) skate

Vosotros/as patináisYou all (familiar) skate

Él/Ella/Ud. patina He/She skates

You (formal) skate

Ellos/Ellas/Uds. patinan They skate

You all (formal) skate

Trabajar: To work

Yo trabajo I work

Nosotros/as trabajamos We work

Tú trabajas You (familiar) work

Vosotros/as trabajáis You all (familiar) work

Él/Ella/Usted trabaja He/She works

You (formal) work

Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes trabajan They work

You all (formal) work

Ayudar (a) To help Bailar To dance Buscar (a) To search; look for Caminar To walk Cantar To sing Contestar (a) To answer Descansar To rest Dibujar To draw Enseñar (a) To teach Entrar To enter

Escuchar (a) To listen to Esperar (a) To wait for; to hope Estudiar To study Hablar To talk; speak Llegar To arrive Llevar To wear; to carry Mirar (a) To look at Nadar To swim Necesitar To need Pasar To pass

Patinar To skate Preguntar (a) To ask Preparar To prepare Terminar To finish Tomar To eat; drink;

take Trabajar To work Sacar buenas / malas To get good / bad

notas grades Usar To use

1. Yo _____________ (estudiar) por un examen.2. Tú _____________ (usar) la computadora.3. Carolina _____________ (esperar) a Miguel.4. Sara y Luisa ___________ (mirar) la televisión.5. Yolanda y yo ___________ (sacar) buenas notas en

nuestras clases.6. Margarita y tú ___________ (necesitar) unos lápices.7. Yo ____________ (preparar) mi tarea.8. Nosotros ____________ (llevar) unas chaquetas

negras.9. Ustedes _____________ (escuchar) a la maestra.10. Juana ____________ (contestar) el teléfono.

1. I’m studying.2. My brothers are watching TV (la

televisión).3. Antonio is helping Hilaria.4. You (fam.) get bad grades in science class

(the class of science).5. Beatriz and I are looking for our book

bags.6. Ms. Pennoyer is teaching.