Eisa Ali Johali

HEMLT

METHODOLOGIES

&

TECHNOLOGIES

HEMLT 2011METHODOLOGIES & TECHNOLOGIES

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Example of HEMLT Strategies( CAP Objective Based Methodologies)

Example(Recommend)

Disadvantages

Advantages PatientStatus

Strategy(M \T)

O kindsTeaching Objectives

• Large group of patient at 1st visit

• Quantity only

• Passive Think/Promote

-

• Economic times and resources

• Large patients & information

Passive- Lecture- AVAs- Reading

- Cognitive1. Present \Provide Information

Active- ProblemSolving

- G work- Programme

d learning

- Cognitive- Affect

2. Encourage understanding

Active• G. work• Share

experiences

- Affect - Cognitive

3. Encourage investigation of attitude and value

Active• Demonstration

• Games• Simulation

-Cognitive-Affect -Psycho

4. Developpsychomotorand interpersonal skills,

Diagnostic Criterion

Prevalent category

HEMLT Strategies Audiovi

sual aids

Lecture Individual instructio

n

Mass media

Programmed

Learning \ ETV

Inquiry

Learning

Simulations and games

Peer-group

discussion

Modeling Behavior modificati

on

Desired Educational Outcomes

Cognitive√√√√√√√√

Affect√√√

Psycho.√√

HI Complexity

Simple√√√

Complex√√√

HB Complexity

Simple√√

Complex√√

HB Duration

Short√√√

Long√√√√

HB Frequency

Infrequent√√

Frequent√√√

HB ExtentRare

Widespread√

HB Nature

Additive√√

Substantive√√

Diagnostic Criterion

Prevalent category

HEMLT Strategies

Audiovisual aids

Lecture

Individual instruction

Mass media

Programed Learning \ TV

Inquiry

Learning

Simulations and games

Peer-group discussion

Modeling

Behavior modification

Age Infants and preschool children

√√√

Primary school children

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Secondary school

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Adults √√√√√

Believes HBM

Weak √√

Moderate

√√√

Strong √

Socioeconomic statue

High intermediate

√

Recommended HEMLT Strategies To Age; Believe & Socioeconomic Status

TechnologyAdvantagesDisadvantagesExample

1.Pilnted materials

(leaflet; folder; poster; pamphlet ; booklet; books, hand-outs

• Allows self-pacing.

• Learners can relay to when required .

• Reduces need for note-taking

• Hand-outs can be made special to individual learning needs.

• Supplements teaching session

•Books expensive and rapidly out of date.

• Hand-outs must be carefully planned and used appropriately should not replace teaching.

• Copyright law prohibits mass duplication of copyrighted material.

In discussion of nutrition,

Hand-outs about essential

Food groups and how to assess if family members are eating properly

2.Models of life,

e.g. skeleion .

•Three-dimensional

• Resemble reality.

• Allow for close examination

• Allow for practice.

• Visual and tactile senses stimulated.

•Ma/be expensive

• Cannot replace reality

• Useful for small groups only.

Use of doll in antenatal class demonstrations for expectant parents.

3 .Real specimens

• Present reality

• Three – dimensional

• Visual and tactile senses stimulated

• Not easily available

• Useful for small groups only

• May be expensive, difficult to store.

4.Graphics-charts,posters, drawing, photographs

• Visual sense stimulated

• Promote organization and correlation of material

• Help to approximate reality

• Easily stored, retrieved

• Production of materials should be of high standard

• Useful for small groups only

Used for discussion different behavioral health problems: e.g. drugs, alcohol, smoking, accidents ….

Technologies AdvantagesDisadvantagesExample

5. Boards: Flannel, magnetic, bulletin and e-black boards

• Larger audience

• Easy to assemble and use

• Can use repeatedly

• Others may participate

• Visual sense stimulated

• Limited usefulness

• Inappropriate for certain purposes and audiences

• Work erased

For young diabetics , choosing correct food items and creating a daily menu

6 .Field Trips• Motivating

• Active involvement

• Presentation of reality

• costly in time for organization and accomplishment

• Transport needed

• For small appropriate groups only

For psychiatric patients , visits to shops to assess appropriate selection of clothing items

7. Overhead projection

• Visual sense stimulated

• Easy to prepare and use

• Available to large audiences

• Can be preplanned or used on spot

• can illustrate process stages and develop material

• Allow participation of learners

• Electricity required

• Equipment costly

• Transparencies need to be carefully planned for effective use

With renal failures patients, to explain the mechanism of kidney function and to illustrate what renal allure means

8 .Slides, film strips

• Available to large audiences

• Can be adapted to self – learning programmer

• Easy reproduction

• Visual and auditory senses stimulated

• Need partial darkness for viewing

• co lour slide duplication expensive

• Need careful presentation / side order planning for effective use

For patients with recent colostomies , slide presentation of appliance management

HEPAHP TECHNOLOGIES 2Advantages _ Disadvantages & Practice with different

situations

Techniques AdvantagesDisadvantagesExamples

9.Filme , video , television

• Resemble ‘look like’ reality• Available to large audiences• Effective illumination of attitudes and values , can demonstrate skills • Visual and auditory senses stimulated

• Need careful selection and previewing• Need meaningful introduction and follow – up discussion • costly • Electricity required• All information in film may not be appropriate• No self – pacing • Need proficient with equipment

With high – school students , cases of drug dependency can be viewed and used as basis for discussion

10 .Tape recordings

• Auditory sense stimulated • Self – pacing• Available to large audiences• Small recorders can be inexpensive , • Can be used for a variety of reasons

• Quality recordings may be difficult to obtain • Person using must be proficient with equipment

Tape initial session of a group in which health attitudes are discussed . Play back in later session to assess any changes

11. Expert contributors

• Present reality• May provide a point of comparison • May command respect because of knowledge

• May not be easily available• May be expensive• May not be appropriate

Inviting an adolescent diabetic who is coping well to speak to a group of new juvenile diabetics about how he feels in relation to his condition

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HEPAHP TECHNOLOGIES 3

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Moving QHEPHAP in Moving from Printed Material & Blackboard to Digital

PLANNING

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WHY PLANNING FOR HEALTH EDUCATION?: To prepare well, manage, validate and grantee the quality of H. E. activities & outcomes

LEARNING & PLANNING FOR QUALITY CAN BE SIMPLIFIED AS: LEARN TO UNDERSTAND LEARN TO PLAN QUALITY OF HEALTH

As we have taught and may be learnt, for understanding the boundaries and its concepts, normally, we have to start by defining health education; its goals and objectives; its philosophical and theoretical concepts; methodologies, technologies and research and finally, the planning process.

The TP is:Inputs Outcomes

QUALITY EDUCATION/WHAT QUALITY HEALTH/WHYDoes it male sense?; Does it assure quality?

In order to plan for the quality of health of clients, people and community, it is recommended to “start from the end or bottom, from the field (patient, clients, people, community) as follow:

Inputs Outcomes QUALITY EDUCATION /HOW QUALITY HEALTH /WHY

Further use of these Quality Planning Concepts in the PRECEDE

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HEMLT PLANNING HEMLT PLANNING thethe PRECEDE PRECEDE

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HE is a part of any health professions, institutions & activities; Health Education has many (FEILDS/TYPES) Specialties, The Majors Are:

Health Promotion, Health Promotion & Education, the new the Millennium name

General/Public Health Education (G/PHE) Hospital Health Education (HHE): Patient & Outpatients Primary Health Care Education (PHCE) Community Health Education (CHE) School Health Education (SHE) Nursing Health Education (NurHE or HENUR Clinical Nutrition Health Education (CNHE or HENUT) Environmental Health Education (EHE) Occupational & Safety Health Education (OSHE) Chronic Diseases Health Education (CDHE): Diabetic, HBP, Cancer…. HEMLT; HEHA; HEPT; HERT…………

These specialties can be reorganized as: Individual or Personal; Group, Community; Public; Institutional or Organizational ….Health Education

(Only the first … the rest Just for General Information)

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In Saudi Arabia, despite that there is no special “Association or Board”… as it is the case of global HE, there are many HE Resources.

In addition to a department within every government and private health service sectors, the major HE government sectors are:

Department of Health Education, General Directorate of Preventive Health, Ministry

of Health, which is located at “Al Suliamnia, King Abdul Azis Road. Department of Health Education, King Khalid Eyes Specialist Hospital, Riyadh. The

most active HE hospital department now, mainly in regarding of HE symposium. Department of Health Education, Kin Fahd Specialist Hospital, King Abdul Aziz

Medical City, National Guard. Department of Health Education, Riyadh Military Hospital. It is the oldest

department, and it was the most active hospital HE department mainly with HE researches & materials.

Department of Health Education, King Fisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre. Department of Health Education, General Directorate of Schools Health, Ministry of

Education, “the place of “Uniceef HE Seat Fond”. Department of Health Education, Security Force Hospital, Riyadh. Academic Department of Health Education, College of Applied Medical Sciences,

King Saud University, Riyadh. The lonely academic department. It establishes at 1403 AH.

Saudi Health Specialties Council (Association), It services all health professions including heath education specialists & heath educators.

Our Live: the Saudi Volunteer Association for Health Education

“independently, you have to discover the activities of these sectors and other national sectors”

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