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Eighth Grade Test Slide 2 1 Hint: From Levels of Organization in the Human Body TISSUE meridianlifestyle.blogspot.com/2008/05/human-body htm A group of cells that work together form a ____ ? Slide 3 3 The basic units of structure & function in the human body are _______? CELLS https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/science-behind/genetics-overview Slide 4 2 Circulatory & Respiratory Systems http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect20.ht The systems that deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide to and from cells in our bodies are the ____ & ___? Slide 5 4 This structure directs the activities in a cell. notesforpakistan.blogspot.com/2010/10/structure-and-function-of-nucleus-in.htm Slide 6 5 These carry messages between the brain and the rest of the body. nerves http://www.pennmedicine.org/health_info/body_guide/reftext/html/nerv_sys_fin.htm Slide 7 6 Which organ systems help fight disease ? immune & circulatory systems http://creationwiki.org/Lymphatic_syste Slide 8 7 A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring are called a what ? species http://journals.worldnomads.com/mattwilkins/photo/43014/972415/South- Africa/A-trio-of-elephants-3-generations-Taken-in-the-Garden-Route- SA#axzz2kT2nTcuA Slide 9 8 A few organisms got to the Galapagos Islands from the mainland. This was observed by what scientist? Charles Darwin http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com /2010/02/04/charles_drawn_origins_revea led_by_dna_tests/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_vi ews_of Charles Darwin At time of Beagle voyage Slide 10 9 Similar structures that related species have inherited are called what ? homologous structures (homo means same) http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/NatSci/images/convergent.htm Slide 11 10 Two organisms that look similar as an early embryo are probably ? evolved from a common ancestor http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iii/organic-evolution/evidences-evolution.php Slide 12 11 What characteristic of finches showed that they adapted to the foods they ate ? their beaks http://ncam.wgbh.org/experience_learn/educational_media/stemdx/exi Slide 13 12 What does a plant (autotroph) produce in photosynthesis? sugar (glucose) & oxygen (O 2 ) http://www.giglig.com/family/education/what-is-photosynthes Slide 14 13 WHAT IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS? The plant cell uses energy from sunlight to make food (sugar). http://www.giglig.com/family/education/what-is-photosynthes Slide 15 14 MOST BIOTIC (LIVING) THINGS NEED THIS PHOTOSYNTHESIS PRODUCT TO SURVIVE. http://godish.com/channels/english/oxygen.as Slide 16 15 Heterotrophs (animals) benefit from photosynthesis because... ?... they get food from the plants. http://www.sheknows.com/home-and-gardening/articles /create-a-pest free garden Slide 17 16 Respiration is ???? glucose being broken down to release energy opposite of photosynthesis http://newunderthesunblog.wordpress.com/photosynthesis-and-respiration Slide 18 17 Simply explain the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration. OpPoSiTe Equations!!! Respiration is the opposite equation of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis uses energy to produce glucose. Respiration uses glucose to release energy. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 photosynthesis energy in energy out respiration Slide 19 18 Problem Two liquids - very similar. How may we tell them apart in the laboratory? Answer Try heating them up and observing when they boil. http://science.taskermilward.org.uk/mod1/KS3%20Cover/Cover%206.ht Slide 20 19 Problem: Sometimes we need to study not one but several characteristics of a substance. WHY? Can you give an example? Answer: Some substances have many characteristics in common. Example: powdered sugar, flour, baking powder and baking soda are all soft white powders. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/- tqx9bpKygus/Tzjs4LJ_ykI /AAAAAAAAnB0/I3iCIs OCU6A/s1600/white%2B powders.JPG Slide 21 20 An object has this measurement due to the force of gravity...... W E I G H T Slide 22 21 The amount of matter that is in something is its what ? mass http://www.mathematicsdictionary.com/english/vmd/full/m/mass.ht Slide 23 22 I am the smallest part of an element that is still that element. atom http://www.mrkscience.com/planbook/Physical%20Sci.%202010-11/March11.ht Slide 24 23 These examples show new substances being formed. What is this type of change? Chemical Change http://www.ric.edu/faculty/ptiskus/chemical fireworks www.learner.com rusty nail http://padillasjournals.edublo gs.org/files/2011/05/FriedEg g-220v87n.jp fried egg vinegar & baking soda reacting http://colet.pbworks.com/w/page/Pancak es%20(Chemical%20changes) baked goods http://www.harpercollege.edu/tm- ps/chm/100/dgodambe/thedisk/chem rxn/signs2.ht color change Slide 25 24 These examples show a substance changing its form or state of matter only. What is this type of change? Physical Change tearing paper http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/standard/chemistry/elementsandreactions /chemical_reactions http://www.learner.org/courses/essential /physicalsci/session4/closer1.ht ice melting http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/physicalsci/session4/closer1.ht Slide 26 25 When the distance between two objects is changing, it is in... MOTION http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Newtows cradle Slide 27 26 We use the METRIC system (SI) in science. SI = Scientific International Which is a measure of length in the metric or SI system? meter http://www.dickblick.com/products/westcott-thru-aluminum-yardmeter-stick Slide 28 27 Speed formula ???? http://www.racemath.info/motionandenergy/speed.ht Slide 29 28 MOTION is graphed by plotting distance and ? Time http://www.mentorials.com/high-school-physics-rest-and-motion-speed-and-distance.htm Slide 30 29 How fast or slow something is moving. The steepness of the slope in a graph on motion shows what? http://www.vacationhomerentals.com/vacation-rentals/Lake- Arrowhead-California-vacation-rental-cabin-proID-.ht http://www.rotinrice.com/cheese-fondue/ Slide 31 30 JOULES Energy is measured in units called ? http://en.wikipedia.orgi/Joule Slide 32 31 What is energy of motion called? kinetic energy http://astronomyonline.org/Science/KineticEnergy.as http://physics.tutorcircle.com/energy/types-of-energy.ht Slide 33 32 IF KINETIC ENERGY OF AN OBJECT INCREASES... Are mass and velocity proportional or indirectly proportional to that energy? Answer: Proportional or positively correlated. According to the formula, as the energy increases so do the mass and velocity. Try setting up the formula and plugging in some numbers. Albert Einstein If E = mv 2 the m and the v are also on the top part of the equation like the E, so they are positively correlated. That means as one increases or decreases, so does the other! Slide 34 33 Rub your hands together. What is the friction energy called and what type of energy is it being converted to? The rubbing is mechanical energy (movement) and is converted to thermal energy (heat). http://www.mikecurtis.org.uk/ks2_friction.ht Slide 35 34 Chemical potential energy of burning fossil fuels converts to what kind of energy? Thermal energy http://www.greenribbonschools.org/activity-detail.php?id=1096&resId Slide 36 35 Coal, a fossil fuel, stores ___________ energy. https://www.cdli.ca/courses/ep/predesign/t03/02knowledge-skills/act chemical potential energy Slide 37 36 Which illustration(s) show kinetic energy? 1 4 http://www.tutorvista.com/physics/examples-of- kinetic-energy http://science.jrank.org/kids/pages/50/KINET IC-VS-POTENTIAL-ENERGY.html http://www.ehow.com/how_4517200_calculate- kinetic-energy-joules.html http://isci.greenwich.wikispaces.net/Farnum+- +Energy+Transformations 33 2 All of them! Slide 38 37 stored energy. Kinetic energy is energy of motion, potential energy is... http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Potential_energy.as Slide 39 38 When height is part of the potential energy equation, what type of energy are we observing? gravitational potential energy Old Man in the Mountain New Hampshire THE PHOTOGRAPH ABOVE SHOWS IT BEFORE FALLING! http://daniellehunter.wordpress.com/2011/08/21/old-man-on-the-mount http://gonewengland.about.com/ Slide 40 39 Energy can neither be created nor destroyed! What is the law of conservation of energy ? http://www.kidsahead.com Slide 41 40 Geologists can observe the Earths interior by... ? recording and analyzing seismic waves. http://web.ics.purdue.edu Slide 42 41 What was Wegeners hypothesis about our continents? http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/outreach/animations/ani m_pangaea/Resources/anim_pangaea.mov The continents were once a single land mass that drifted apart called continental drift. Slide 43 42 What is the name given to our continents when they were one land mass? Pangea http://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/class/Gsc101/Plate.html Slide 44 43 Sonar This was a technology used in the mid-1900s to map the mid- ocean ridge. http://www.divediscover.whoi.edu/tools/sonar-singlebeam.html Slide 45 44 When the sea-floor spreads, molten material erupts (rises) from what part of the mantle? along the mid-ocean ridge! www.daviddarling.info Slide 46 45 How do we know that rocks further away from the mid-ocean ridge are older than those near it? We determine the age of the rocks that have been drilled up in those areas. www.newark.osu.edu Slide 47 46 subduction What is the process called where the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle? www.zmescience.com Sub means below Slide 48 47 Old oceanic crust is more dense than new crust. Why ? It has cooled down. Cooler molecules are closer together and therefore more dense. forum.spore.com Slide 49 48 convection currents in the asthenosphere. The movement of Earths plates are probably caused by what? nees.org Slide 50 49 The geological theory that states that pieces of the Earths lithosphere are in constant, slow motion is the theory of ___? plate tectonics. volcanoes.usgs.gov Slide 51 50 What is the longest chain of mountains in the world? the mid-ocean ridge www.scientificamerican.com