Effects of feeding slowly digestible starch in feed restricted broiler breeders

A. Deep*, T.A. Scott, A.G. Van Kessel and H.L. Classen

Department of Animal and Poultry Science

University of Saskatchewan, Canada

NSERC-IRC, Stakeholder Annual Meeting, June 10, 2014

Introduction

Feed Restriction (Broiler breeders)

Positive impact Negative impact

Body weight control Hunger

Reduces mortality Stress

Improves reproductive capacity Metabolic stress?

Mench, 2002; Renema and Robinson, 2004

Introduction Starch digestion rate (Lehmann and Robin, 2007)

Granule size Negatively correlated

Amylose content Negatively correlated

Pea starch (Ratnayake et al., 2002)

Slowly digested Large granules High amylose content

Introduction (physiological impact of SDS) Improves satiety (McCrory et al., 2010)

Potential to decrease hunger in meal fed animals

Decreases post-prandial glucose and insulin peak (Deep et al., 2013; Wolever et al., 1996; Jenkins et al., 1982)

Slow and sustained release of nutrients Potential to reduce metabolic stress Improved efficiency and performance?

Objectives To determine the effects of feeding a pea

(slowly digestible starch) or wheat-based diet on: Physiological responses

Post-prandial blood glucose levels Liver weight and fat content Digesta mass

Jejunum and ileum contents on DM basis

Objectives To determine the effects of feeding a pea

(slowly digestible starch) or wheat-based diet on: Growth Parameters

Body weight uniformity and feed clean-up time Egg production and weight Fertility and embryonic mortality Chick weight at hatch Early post natal growth

Material and Methods

Experiment Time Period Treatments

Rearing phase 3-20 wk

Pea or wheat based diet fed every 48 h (3-13 wk) and 24 h (14-20 wk)

Early laying phase 21-35 wk Pea or wheat based diet fed once or twice a day

Diets (rearing phase) Ingredients Grower (Pea) Grower (Wheat)

Pea 64.74 - Wheat - 42.15 Barley 25.00 25.00

Soybean - 12.96 Oat hulls 4.12 13.96

Other 6.26 5.93 AME (kcal/kg)* 2600 2600

CP (%) ** 17.74 16.24 Total fat (%) ** 3.34 3.12 Starch (%) ** 37.15 38.69

* Calculated, ** Analysed

Diets (laying phase) Ingredients Breeder (Pea) Breeder (Wheat)

Pea 57.3 - Wheat - 36.8 Barley 25.00 25.00

Soybean 2.68 14.7 Canola oil 5.71 5.66 Oat hulls - 8.62

Limestone 7.11 7.14 AME (kcal/kg)* 2800 2800

CP (%) ** 16.93 15.84 Total fat (%) ** 6.62 5.68 Starch (%) ** 34.08 35.55

* Calculated, ** Analysed

Data Collection A

stud

y w

as c

ondu

cted

for 3

5 w

k (2

44 d

) Growth (weekly), uniformity (21 and 84 d),

digesta and gut mass (89 d)

Post prandial physiological responses (glucose, hepatic glycogen and fat levels and gene

expression) at 89 d

Behavioural (9th or 10th wk) and physiological (89 d) assessment of hunger (NEFA/Glucose,

BHBA and behavioural expression)

Egg production and quality, reproductive performance, chick quality and post natal growth

(147 to 244 d)

Weekly body weight (kg)

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

Bod

y W

eigh

t (K

g)

Age (wk)

WheatPeaEverydayTwice a day

Results (glucose levels)

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44

Glu

cose

(mm

ol/L

)

Time before and after feeding (h)

Wheat based diet Pea based diet

*

*

*

Light Light Dark Dark

Relative liver weight (%)

1.0

1.4

1.8

2.2

2.6

3.0

3.4

-1 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 26 28 32 36 40 44

% o

f BW

Time before and after feeding (h)

Wheat based diet pea based diet

*

*

Light Light Dark Dark

Liver fat (% DM)

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

-1 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 26 28 32 36 40 44

% (D

M b

asis

)

Time before and after feeding (h)

Wheat based diet Pea based diet

*

*

* *

* Light Light Dark Dark

Digesta content (jejunum)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44

Jeju

nal c

onte

nt (g

; DM

bas

is)

Time before and after feeding (h)

Pea bsed diet Wheat based diet

Light Dark Dark

*

*

* *

* * *

Light

Feed clean-up time (min/100g)

b

8

9

10

11

12

Wheat Pea

Tim

e (m

in)

Treatment

Feed clean-up time (min/100g)

a

Body weight uniformity (%)

a

b b

ab

0

2

4

6

8

10

Everyday Twice a day

CV

(%)

Treatment

WheatPea

Hen day egg production (%)

b

a

ab

ab

71.0

72.0

73.0

74.0

75.0

76.0

77.0

Everyday Twice a day

Hen

day

egg

pro

duct

ion

(%)

WheatPea

Egg weight

a a

b

a

55.0

55.5

56.0

56.5

57.0

57.5

58.0

Everyday Twice a day

Egg

wei

ght (

g)

Egg weight (g)

WheatPea

Hatch data (%)

Item Wheat Pea P value SEM

Fertility 99.2 99.2 0.97 0.807

Early dead 6.1 4.5 0.10 0.968

Middle dead 0.5 0.5 0.98 0.272

Late dead 2.3 1.4 0.13 0.537

Total 8.9a 6.4b 0.03 0.761

Hatchability 89.4 91.7 0.08 2.012

Conclusions Feeding a pea based diet resulted in: Decreased post-prandial blood glucose levels Decreased changes in the hepatic fat and

glycogen content over 48 h period Increased digesta content in the gut

Conclusions

Feeding a pea based diet resulted in: Increased feed clean-up time Improved body weight uniformity Improved reproductive performance

Take home message

Slowly digestible starch has positive impact on productivity of feed restricted broiler breeder

Furthermore, slowly digestible starch has potential to reduce degree of hunger in feed restricted broiler breeders Work is in progress

Work in progress A

stud

y w

as c

ondu

cted

for 3

5 w

k (2

44 d

) Growth (weekly), uniformity (21 and 84 d),

digesta and gut mass (89 d)

Post prandial physiological responses (glucose, hepatic glycogen and fat levels and gene

expression) at 89 d

Behavioural (9th or 10th wk) and physiological (89 d) assessment of hunger (NEFA/Glucose,

BHBA and behavioural expression)

Egg production and quality, reproductive performance, chick quality and post natal growth

(147 to 244 d)

Questions