EFC CRYSTALFormulating environmentallyfriendly fracturing fluids

SPECIAL FLUIDS DIVISION24, Cours Michelet - La Défense 10

92069 Paris La Défense - Cedex

www.totalspecialfluids.com

Ag

ence R

e-S

ourc

e !

/ S

ep

tem

ber

2014

EFC Crystal technical specifications give formulators a wide range of

grades to fine-tune the composition of fracturing fluids; low Pour point

ensures product performance in even the most extreme temperature (eg.

exploration in Canada), high flashpoint facilitates safety in material handling

and transport, whilst a variety of viscosity options enables control of fluid

rheology.

With the growing need for alternative sources of energy, Shale gas has

gained significant importance over the last few years. However, the use

of million of gallons of fluids in hydraulic fracturing have increasingly raised

concerns with regard to waste water management as well as ground water

pollution. Specialists in the development of ultra pure hydrocarbons, Total

has developed a comprehensive range of eco-grade materials dedicated

to the formulation of fracturing fluids additives, such as viscosifiers, friction

reducers and fluid loss control technologies.

EFC Crystal fluids enable

the formulation of fracturation products which exceed

the US EPA regulations

Additives with ultra low BTEXand PAH levels

Turning to eco-grade materials

EFC CRYSTAL ULTRA LOW BTEX Standard

205ST250230200180Method

Method

Units

Units

Properties

BTEX

Density@15°C (59°F)

791 817 811 816 809kg/m3 ASTMD4052

Boiling Range:- Initial Point- Dry Point

182 (360) 201 (394) 230 (446) 250 (482) 199 (390)

°C (°F)

°C (°F)

ASTM D86216 (421) 241 (466) 270 (518) 330 (626) 253 (487)

Flashpoint 63 (145) 72 (162) 100 (212) 136 (277) 75 (167)

Viscosity @40°C 1.4 1.9 2.3 3.5 1.8cSt ASTM D445

ASTM D93

Pourpoint -84 (-119) -72 (-98) -59 (-74) -27 (-17) -40 (-40)°C (°F) ASTM D97

Benzene

< 150

ppbUS EPASW846-8260B

EthylbenzeneND: Non Detectable

EFC Crystal 180, 200, 230 and 250have been measured for the presence of BTEX

according to method SW846-8260B

No BTEX compounds were detectedat the lowest detection level (25ppb) < 500

Toluene

m- and p-Xylene

ND*

o-Xylene

Data are provided to the best of our knowledge with no warranty expressed or implied

Benzene is classified as to most dangerous BTEX by the EPA in the USA, as known human carcinogen for all routes of exposure. Therefore, EPA introduced a maximum threshold limit of 5 ppb for benzene levels in drinking water. EFC Crystal 200 has been tested for the presence of compounds, and no benzene traces were identified at these ultra low levels.

ppb

125

100 < 100

< 5

< 25

< 100

< 25

< 100

< 25

< 100

75

50

25

0Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene Xylenes

BTEX contents comparison

competitor product

EFC Crystal 200

EFC Crystal technical specifications give formulators a wide range of

grades to fine-tune the composition of fracturing fluids; low Pour point

ensures product performance in even the most extreme temperature (eg.

exploration in Canada), high flashpoint facilitates safety in material handling

and transport, whilst a variety of viscosity options enables control of fluid

rheology.

With the growing need for alternative sources of energy, Shale gas has

gained significant importance over the last few years. However, the use

of million of gallons of fluids in hydraulic fracturing have increasingly raised

concerns with regard to waste water management as well as ground water

pollution. Specialists in the development of ultra pure hydrocarbons, Total

has developed a comprehensive range of eco-grade materials dedicated

to the formulation of fracturing fluids additives, such as viscosifiers, friction

reducers and fluid loss control technologies.

EFC Crystal fluids enable

the formulation of fracturation products which exceed

the US EPA regulations

Additives with ultra low BTEXand PAH levels

Turning to eco-grade materials

EFC CRYSTAL ULTRA LOW BTEX Standard

205ST250230200180Method

Method

Units

Units

Properties

BTEX

Density@15°C (59°F)

791 817 811 816 809kg/m3 ASTMD4052

Boiling Range:- Initial Point- Dry Point

182 (360) 201 (394) 230 (446) 250 (482) 199 (390)

°C (°F)

°C (°F)

ASTM D86216 (421) 241 (466) 270 (518) 330 (626) 253 (487)

Flashpoint 63 (145) 72 (162) 100 (212) 136 (277) 75 (167)

Viscosity @40°C 1.4 1.9 2.3 3.5 1.8cSt ASTM D445

ASTM D93

Pourpoint -84 (-119) -72 (-98) -59 (-74) -27 (-17) -40 (-40)°C (°F) ASTM D97

Benzene

< 150

ppbUS EPASW846-8260B

EthylbenzeneND: Non Detectable

EFC Crystal 180, 200, 230 and 250have been measured for the presence of BTEX

according to method SW846-8260B

No BTEX compounds were detectedat the lowest detection level (25ppb) < 500

Toluene

m- and p-Xylene

ND*

o-Xylene

Data are provided to the best of our knowledge with no warranty expressed or implied

Benzene is classified as to most dangerous BTEX by the EPA in the USA, as known human carcinogen for all routes of exposure. Therefore, EPA introduced a maximum threshold limit of 5 ppb for benzene levels in drinking water. EFC Crystal 200 has been tested for the presence of compounds, and no benzene traces were identified at these ultra low levels.

ppb

125

100 < 100

< 5

< 25

< 100

< 25

< 100

< 25

< 100

75

50

25

0Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene Xylenes

BTEX contents comparison

competitor product

EFC Crystal 200

EFC CRYSTALFormulating environmentallyfriendly fracturing fluids

SPECIAL FLUIDS DIVISION24, Cours Michelet - La Défense 10

92069 Paris La Défense - Cedex

www.totalspecialfluids.com

Ag

ence R

e-S

ourc

e !

/ S

ep

tem

ber

2014