EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGYWHAT AND HOW THE EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

MEMBER OF GROUP :

1. Sita Rahma A (123174216)2. Ana Nur (123174219) 3. Ilde Ilka J A (123174240)4. Ririn Purwanti K (123174243)5. Rani Rahmawati (123174261)

CLASS : 2021 i

INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATIC EDUCATIONSTATE UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA

2013

EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

I. DEFINITION OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

The world education is derived from Latin word educare which means to bring-up. Education is also derived from another Latin world educere which means to lead out. Education as educere is more acceptable as it means leading an individual from ignorance to knowledge.

Education can be defined as the process of imparting or acquiring knowledge and habits through instruction or study. It can also be defined as a process in which human behavior is modified so as to be in closer agreement with some model or ideal determined by the values of society. If education is to be effective, it should result in changes in all the behavioral components.

The term "psychology" is derived from two Greek words – psyche (soul) and logos (science or study). Thus, literally it means study or science of soul. But now it is no more considered as science of soul. It has moved away from this focus and established itself as a scientific discipline which deals with the various processes and behavior of organism.

Most of the contemporary psychologists agree on a definition of psychology as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes of organism

Educational Psychology is a combination or overlapping of two separate fields of study; psychology and education. It is a distinct discipline with its own theories, research methods, problems and techniques. Educational psychology is distinct from other fields of psychology due to its focus on understanding the processes of teaching and learning that takes place in formal environments. Educational psychologists study what people think and do as they teach and learn a particular curriculum in a particular environment where education and training are intended to take place. They help in developing instructional methods and materials used to train people in both educational and work settings. They are also concerned with research on issues of relevance for education, counseling and learning problems.

II. BENEVIT OF EDUCTIONAL PSYCHOLOGY1. Understanding Individual Differences (Students);

An educator must deal with a group of students in the classroom with caution because of the characteristics of each student. different because it is very important to understand the differences in the characteristics of students at various stages of growth and development in order to create an

effective learning and efficient . Educational psychology can help educators and prospective educators in understanding the differences in the characteristics of these students.

2. Creation of a Conducive Learning Climate in the class;Good understanding of the classroom that is used in the learning process

greatly helps educators to deliver material to students effectively. Conducive learning climate should be created by educators so that the learning process can be run effectively. An educator must know the proper principles in teaching and learning, a different approach in teaching to teaching and learning outcomes are better. Educational psychology plays a role in helping educators in order to create a climate conducive socio-emotional in the classroom, so that the learning process in the classroom can be effective.

3. Selection of Learning Strategies and Methods;The learning method is based on the characteristics of students' progress.

Educational psychology can assist educators in determining the strategies or methods of learning the proper and appropriate, and able to relate to the characteristics and uniqueness of the individual, the type of learning and learning styles and levels of development being experienced learners.

4. Provide Guidance to Students;An educator should play different roles in the school, not only in the

implementation of learning, but also act as mentors for students. Guidance is the kind of help the students to solve the problems they face. Knowledge of educational psychology allows educators to provide educational and vocational guidance necessary for students at different ages

5. Evaluating Learning Outcomes;Educators must perform two important activities in the classroom such as

teaching and evaluating. The evaluation helps in measuring student learning outcomes. Educational psychology can help educators and prospective educators evaluate student learning in developing more equitable, both in the technical evaluation, compliance with the principles of evaluation and determine the results of the evaluation.

III. CONTRIBUTION OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGYOne simple question may be asked as to why educational psychology

should be taught to prospective teachers in training colleges. The educational psychology helps the teachers in the following ways;

1. To understand developmental characteristicsChildren pass through different stages of development in life as infancy,

childhood and adolescence. These developmental stages have their own characteristics and demands.

2. To understand the nature of class room learningWith the help of education psychology the teacher understand the

students and their need and problems, it help teacher in learning process in general and class-room learning in particular.

3. To understand individual differencesWith the help of psychology teacher understand the individual’s

differences. Teacher faces a class of 30 to 50 students who have a different range of individual differences. Teacher with the knowledge of education psychology and individual differences may adjust his teaching to the needs and requirements of the class.

4. To understand effective teaching methodsEvery day experience shows that lack of proper methods of teaching

sometimes results in failure of communication in the classroom. The educational psychology gives us the knowledge of appropriate methods of teaching. It helps in developing new strategies of teaching.

5. knowledge of mental healthMental health of the student and teacher is very important for efficient

learning. With the help of educational psychology, the teacher can understand the various factors, which are responsible for the mental health and maladjustment.

6. Curriculum constructionPsychological principles are also used in formulating curriculum for

different stages.

7. Measurement of learning out-comesPsychological tools help the teachers to evaluate the learning out-come

of the students. it helps the teacher to evaluate his own performance.

8. Guidance for the education of exceptional childrenMost important contribution of educational psychology is the provision

and organization of the educational psychology is the provision and organization of the education for the education of sub normal children

IV. METHODS OF EDUCATIONALPSYCHOLOGY

Different types of techniques are used by researchers to collect data and conduct research studies. With the increasing use of educational technology in education, psychology and other social sciences, new research strategies are evolved.Following are the important methods and techniques of collecting data are:

1. IntrospectionHistorically introspection is the oldest method of all, which was formerly

used in philosophy, and then in psychology to collect data about the conscious experience of the subject. Introspection means to see with in one self or self-observation. To understand one’s own mental health and the state of mind. This method was developed by the structuralisms in psychology who defined psychology as the study of conscious experiences of the individual

2. ObservationWith the development of psychology as an objective science of behavior,

the method of introspection was replaced by careful observation of human and animal behavior. Observation literally means looking outside oneself. It is a very important method for collecting data in almost all type of research studies. Different type of Observation used in research, direct or indirect, scheduled or unscheduled, natural or artificial, participant and non-participant. But there are two basic types of observation.

3. Clinical methodThis method is primarily used to collect detailed information on the

behavior problems of maladjusted and deviant cases. The main objective of this method is to study individual case or cases of group to detect and diagnose their specific problems and to suggest therapeutic measures to rehabilitate them in their environment.

4. Case studyCase study is in-depth study of the subject. It is the in-depth analysis of a

person, group, or phenomenon. A variety of techniques are employed including personal interviews, psychometric tests, direct observation, and archival records. Case studies are most often used in psychology in clinical research to describe the rare events and conditions of the subject;

case study is specially used in education psychology. It deals in education the following problems

5. Scientific or experimental methodThis method has been developed in psychology by the continuous efforts

by psychologists to make objective and scientific study of human behavior. One of the major contributions of the behaviorism is the development of experimental method to understand, control and predict behavior. It is the most precise, planned systematic observation. The experimental method uses a systematic procedure called experimental design. Experimental design provides important guide lines to the researcher to carry out his research systematically. The lay out of the design depends on the nature of the problem that an investigator wants to investigate

V. THE EDUCATION PHENOMENAThe education phenomena which we can see in daily life among others:

1. Parents and community the old man playing an important role in education child. In the days of right now, not uncommon found any parents who were not so concerned with education his son because their own too busy to earn a living. In conditions like this a supporter of education, the boy was cut to one that is the role of the old man. Later on this would be very influential in children ' s education.

2. Cheated cheated it is unusual again be heard. Many students who now do cheating in every way in order to get some answers. Cheated causing the pupil to be lazy learn because everything will be settled by cheated. Cheated this is one of the general phenomena that must be considered.

3. The teacher less competent in the world of education, the teacher is a person who holds most important role in school, the teacher is parent at school. The teacher less competent can cause his disciples also less competent. It may then reduce the ability of the pupil to grow and receive knowledge from the teacher.