Joan%Martinez,Alier28%March%2017

ECOLOGICALDISTRIBUTION//CONFLICTS

Ecological Distribution%Conflicts• Martinez,Alier,%J.%1995,%Distributional%Issues%in%Ecological%

Economics,%Rev.%of%Social%Economy,%53(4):511,528.

• Martinez,Alier,%J.,%O’Connor,%M.,%1996.%Ecological%and%economic%distribution%conflicts.%In:%R.%Costanza,%J.%Martinez,Alier and%O.%Segura%(eds.),%Getting%down%to%Earth:%Practical%Applications%of%Ecological%Economics.%Island%Press/ISEE,%Washington,%DC.

• Martinez,Alier,%J.,%2003.%The%environmentalism%of%the%poor:%a%study%of%ecological%conflicts%and%valuation.%Edward%Elgar.%Cheltenham.

• A%definition%in:%www.ejolt.org/2016/04/ecological,distribution,conflicts/

• Many%new%examples%in%the%EJAtlas (www.ejatlas.org).

The EJAtlas

Conflicts at the commodity extractionfrontiers,/and also on/waste disposal

• Even%a%non,growing%industrial%economy%would%require%new%supplies%of%fossil%fuels%and%other%materials%from%the%commodity%extraction%frontiers%because%energy%is%not%recycled%and%materials%are%recycled%only%in%part.%

• The%economy%is%not%circular,%but%entropic:%there%are%therefore%many%resource%extraction%and%waste%disposal%conflicts,%at%different%scales,%such%as%those%on%responsibility%for%the%excessive%amount%of%greenhouse%gases.%%

Externalities%are%not%so%much%market%failures%as%“cost,shifting%successes”%(K.W.%Kapp)%that%nevertheless%sometimes%give%rise%to%complaints.

“No%Liability%!!!%for%climate%change”%Ambassador%Todd%Stern%since%Copenhagen%2009%to%the%COP%21%Paris,%while%Laudato si has%two%full%paragraphs%(51%and%52)%on%the%Ecological%Debt%from%North%to%South.

http://www.ejolt.org/2015/12/todd,stern,dont,acknowledge,ecological,debt/

The EnvJustice project www.envjustice.organd the EJAtlas www.ejatlas.org

• The EJAtlas collects ecological distributionconflicts around the world in%10%maincategories%(fossil fuels%and climate change,%minerals,%biomass,%waste,%water,%industry,%nuclear%energy,%infrastructures,%biodiversityconservation,%tourism).%

• Each case contains 6 pages of%information,%including sources

• It was launched in/March/2014/with 920/cases/reaching 2040/in/March/2017./

The%EnvJustice project%www.envjustice.organd%the%EJAtlas www.ejatlas.org

• Directed%at%ICTA%UAB%Barcelona%by%Leah%Temper%and%JMA,%coordinated%by%Daniela%Del%Bene,%>%100%outside%collaborators%(academics%and%activists)%over%the%years.%

• Funded%by%a%European%Research%Council%Advanced%Grant%2016,21%

• In%about%18%per%cent%of%cases%environmental%justice%is%said%to%be%achieved%(with%short%explanations%provided).%In%about%14%per%cent%of%cases,%one%of%the%outcomes%is%deaths%of%environmental%defenders.%Many%other%coded%variables.%

Four cases%(out of%2040)%from the EJAtlas

1) https://ejatlas.org/conflict/fishers,protest,destruction,of,mangroves,in,ennore,india

Ennore creek,%north%of%Chennai,%a%sacrifice%zone%with%coal%fired%power%plants%(CFPP),%chemical%industries,%a%port,%a%landfill.%Fisherfolk defend%the%commons,%against%the%pollution%and%encroachments%affecting%their%livelihood.%A%new%song by T.M.%Krishna defends the Poromboke(commons).%https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82jFyeV5AHM

2)%Berta%Cáceres’%death

• https://ejatlas.org/conflict/proyecto,hidroelectrico,agua,zarca,honduras

• Lenca indigenous%sacred%territory%affected%by%a%hydropower%plant,%funded%by%international%banks%and%climate%funds.%Lencapeople%are%denied%the%use%of%water%and%their%leaders%are%criminalized%and%murdered.%Berta%Caceres%was%killed,%03.03.16

3)%Gloria%Capitan,%PhilippinesShe%opposed%the%construction%of%coal%stockpile%facilities%and%a%CFPP%as%leader%of%the%local%anti,coal%movement%in%Mariveles,%60%km%from%Manila,%member%of%the%Philippine%Movement%for%Climate%Justice.%She%was%a%grandmother,%she%was%shot%on%1st July%2016.%https://ejatlas.org/conflict/coal,mining,leading,to,the,killing,of,gloria,capitan

4)%https://ejatlas.org/conflict/ooi,nuclear,plants,fukui,prefecture,japan

Kansai%Electric%Power%Company’s%application%to%resume%operation%of% two%nuclear%energy%units%met%strong%protests.%The%regional%court%granted%injunction%against%the%operation%in%2014.%Not%an%issue%of%economic%compensation%for%uncertain%risks.%

Lawyers: The%court%ordered%suspension;%Justice%given%and%surviving.

Goals of%the project EnvJustice,%2016,21• The%project%will%expand%the%EJAtlas,%improving%geographical%

coverage%reaching%3000%cases%by%2020.%It%will%update%some%old%cases.%It%will%do%country%based%and%transversal%studies%of%comparative,%statistical%Political%Ecology.

• It%will%compile%a%global%Vocabulary%of%Environmental%Justice,%drawing%on%the%EJAtlas and%other%sources.%%The%EJ%movement%in%the%USA%c.%1982%introduced%terms%like%“environmental%racism”,%“popular%epidemiology”.%We%collect%many%other%manifestations%of%EJ%in%the%world%(banners,%videos,%songs…).

• The%project%will%also%analyze%the%alliance%between%the%Global%Environmental%Justice%Movement%and%the%Degrowth(Décroissance, PostBWachstum,%Prosperity%without%Growth)%movement%in%Europe.%

The%key%questions%asked%in%the%project:%%• Is%there%a%Global%Movement%for%Environmental%Justice%helping%to%push%society%and%economy%towards%environmental%sustainability?%

• What%are%the%links%from%the%growth%and%the%changes%in%the%Social%Metabolism%to%Ecological%Distribution%Conflicts,%to%Movements%for%Environmental%Justice,%and%then%to%Sustainability? (next%slide)

Some publications2017.%Ecological%distribution%conflicts%as%forces%for%sustainability:%Why,%who,%how%and%when?%A.%Scheidel,%F.%Demaria,%L.Temper,%J.%Martinez,Alier,%Sustainability Science.

2017.%Commercial and%biophysical deficits in%South%America 1990,2013.%P.%Samaniego,%M.C.%Vallejo,%J.%Martinez,Alier,%Ecol.%Economics133:%62,73.

2016.%Changing social%metabolism and%environmental conflicts in%India%and%South%America.%J.%Martinez,Alier,%F.%Demaria,%Leah Temper,%Mariana%Walter,%J.%of%Political Ecology,%23:%467,491.

2016.%Ecologically unequal exchange and%ecological debt.%Introductionto%the special section.%A.%Hornborg,%J.%Martinez,Alier,%J.%of%PoliticalEcology,%23:%328,333.

2016.%Socially Sustainable Economic Degrowth,%J.%Martinez,Alier,%ch.%13%in%J.%Farley and%Deepak Malghan eds.%Beyond Uneconomic Growth.%Economics,%Equity and%the Ecological Predicament.%Edward%Elgar,%Cheltenham,%p.%280,301.

Some publications• *%2016.%Is there a%global%environmental justice movement?%J.%

Martinez,Alier,%Leah Temper,%Daniela%Del%Bene,%ArnimScheidel,%J.%of%Peasant Studies,%43%(3):%731,755.

• 2016.%Social%metabolism and%conflicts over extractivism.%J.%Martinez,Alier and%Mariana%Walter,%in%F.%de%Castro,%B.%Hogenboom,%M.%Baud.%(eds.),%Environmental Governance in%Latin America,%%Palgrave Macmillan,%London,%p.%58,85.

• *%2015.%Mapping the frontiers and%front lines of%global%environmental justice:%the EJAtlas.%L.%Temper,%D.%Del%Bene,%J.%Martinez,Alier.%J.%of%Political Ecology.%22:%255,278.

• *%2014,%J.%Martinez,Alier et%al.%Between activism and%science:%grassroots concepts for sustainability coined by EnvironmentalJustice Organizations.%J.%of%Political Ecology.%21:%19,60.