East Asia Review

These are questions regarding China, Korea and Japan from the

1998-2008 Regents

Question 1

• In China, the development of civil service

examinations and a belief in filial piety reflect the influence of

• (1) Shinto (3) Confucianism

• (2) Animism (4) Buddhism

Question 2

• One way in which the travels of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta are similar is that they resulted in

• (1) an increased interest in different cultures

• (2) the development of slavery

• (3) a reduction in trade

• (4) the discovery East Asia

Question 3

• The Portuguese control of Macao and the British control of Hong Kong in China are examples of

• (1) collectivization (3) self-determination

• (2) imperialism (4) containment

Question 4

• Commodore Matthew Perry’s visits to Japan in• 1853 and 1854 resulted in the• (1) colonization of Japan by the United States• (2) transfer of spheres of influence to China• (3) introduction of Christianity to Japanese• society• (4) opening of trade and diplomatic relations• with Japan

Question 5

• A primary reason for Japan’s involvement in the• Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese

War was to• (1) acquire natural resources in Manchuria and• Korea• (2) control trade and markets in Southeast Asia• (3) end Japan’s policy of isolationism• (4) remove foreign invaders from Japanese soil

Question 6

• “. . . Seventy thousand people were killed• instantly, and many more would die — 60,000 by• November and another 70,000 by 1950. Most of• them would be victims of a new method of killing• — radiation. . . .”

— Ronald Takai• The situation described in this passage was the• direct result of which World War II event?• (1) blitz of London• (2) attack on Pearl Harbor• (3) D-Day invasion of Normandy• (4) bombing of Hiroshima

Question 7

• In 1989, the government of China responded to• the challenge of protests in Tiananmen Square

by• (1) halting trade with the West• (2) allowing democratic elections• (3) sending in tanks and troops to end the• demonstrations• (4) calling for a special session of the United• Nations Security Council

Question 8

• Confucianism had a strong impact on the• development of China mainly because this• philosophy• (1) established a basic structure for military rule• (2) provided a basis for social order• (3) contained the framework for a communist• government• (4) stressed the importance of the individual

Question 9

• A major reason for Zheng He’s voyages during the 15th century was to

• (1) promote trade and collect tribute

• (2) establish colonies in Africa and India

• (3) seal off China’s borders from foreign

• influence

• (4) prove the world was round

Question 10

• What was one impact of industrialization on• Japan during the Meiji Restoration?• (1) Japan became more isolated from world• affairs.• (2) Demand for natural resources increased.• (3) Japan became a colonial possession of

China.• (4) Traditional practices of Bushido were• reintroduced

Question 11

• The Four Modernizations of Deng Xiaoping in• the 1970s and 1980s resulted in• (1) an emphasis on the Five Relationships• (2) a return to Maoist revolutionary principles• (3) a move toward increased capitalism• (4) the end of the communist system of• Government

Question 12

• One way in which Ho Chi Minh, Fidel Castro, and Kim Jong Il are similar is that each

• (1) set up democratic governments

• (2) used Marxist political principles

• (3) overthrew a ruling monarch

• (4) promoted Confucian principles

Question 13

• Which geographic factor had the most influence on the development of Inca society and Japanese society?

• (1) frequent monsoons

• (2) large deserts

• (3) mountainous topography

• (4) tropical climate

Question 14

• One way in which the Sepoy Mutiny in India, the• Zulu resistance in southern Africa, and the Boxer• Rebellion in China are similar is that each• resulted from• (1) government policies of ethnic cleansing• (2) attempts by democratic forces to overthrow• the monarchy• (3) native reaction to foreign interference in the• region• (4) government denial of access to fertile• farmland

Question 15

• Which belief is most closely associated with the philosophy of Confucianism?

• (1) nirvana (3) prayer

• (2) reincarnation (4) filial piety

Question 16

• The terms Bushido, samurai, and daimyo are most closely associated with which group in Japanese history?

• (1) emperors (3) peasants

• (2) warriors (4) merchants

Question 17

• One similarity between the Sepoy Mutiny and the Boxer Rebellion is that they

• (1) opposed European imperialism

• (2) ended an established dynasty

• (3) resulted in the redistribution of land

• (4) instituted communist governments

Question 18

• A similarity between the Polish group Solidarity• in 1980 and the Chinese protesters in

Tiananmen Square in 1989 is that both groups• (1) supported movements for democracy• (2) succeeded in ending communism• (3) encouraged military occupation by the Soviet• Union• (4) favored increases in military spending

Question 19

• The status of Hong Kong changed in July 1997 when the city

• (1) was returned to China

• (2) was closed to international trade

• (3) became an independent nation

• (4) adopted a capitalist economy

Question 20

• Kim Jong Il and Fidel Castro are 21st-century leaders who believe in the ideas of

• (1) Karl Marx

• (2) Adam Smith

• (3) Siddhartha Gautama

• (4) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 21

• One similarity between the ancient civilizations in Egypt and in China is that they developed

• (1) nomadic lifestyles

• (2) monotheistic belief systems

• (3) democratic governments

• (4) written forms of communication

Question 22

• Which statement about the geography of Japan is most accurate?

• (1) Location has made it easy to invade.• (2) The irregular coastline has many natural• harbors.• (3) Large plains are its primary physical feature.• (4) Earthquakes do not threaten the islands.

Question 23

• What was one long-term impact of Marco Polo’s• visit to China?• (1) The Chinese began construction of the Great• Wall.• (2) The principle of divine right was introduced• to China.• (3) Christianity rapidly spread throughout the• Yuan Empire.• (4) Europeans increased trade with China.

Question 24

• During the 19th century, European nations• established spheres of influence in China mainly• to• (1) profit from the ivory trade• (2) introduce Islam to the Chinese people• (3) gain commercial advantages in China• (4) obtain human rights for Chinese citizens

Question 25

In China, Deng Xiaoping’s Four Modernizations

led to

(1) a decrease in industrialization

(2) a decreased interest in investments by foreign businesses

(3) an increase in the emphasis on collective

farming

(4) an increased use of free-market practices

Question 26

• The ancient cultures of both the Incas and the• Chinese adapted to the physical geography of• their region by• (1) developing terrace farming on hillsides• (2) building chariots to protect their open plains• against invaders• (3) becoming maritime traders• (4) constructing harbors to encourage

exploration

Question 27

• What was a direct result of the Opium War in• 19th-century China?• (1) Japan gained control of Hong Kong.• (2) Kublai Khan rose to power in China.• (3) Chinese ports were opened for trade with• European powers.• (4) Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) fled to

Taiwan.

Question 28

• Which pair of leaders used political purges,• including the killing of opposition groups, as a• means of maintaining control of the

government?• (1) Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) and Emperor• Hirohito• (2) Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong• (3) Simón Bolívar and Bernardo O’Higgins• (4) F. W. de Klerk and Indira Gandhi

Question 29

• One similarity between animism and Shinto is that people who follow these belief systems

• (1) practice filial piety

• (2) worship spirits in nature

• (3) are monotheistic

• (4) are required to make pilgrimages

Question 30

• Buddhist temples are found in Japan.• Most Indonesians study the Koran.• Catholicism is the dominant religion in Latin• America.• These statements illustrate a result of• (1) westernization• (2) cultural diffusion• (3) economic nationalism• (4) fundamentalism

Question 31

• Both European medieval knights and Japanese samurai warriors pledged oaths of

• (1) loyalty to their military leader

• (2) devotion to their nation-state

• (3) service to their church

• (4) allegiance to their families

Question 32• Egypt builds the Aswan Dam to control• flooding and produce hydroelectric power.• China builds the Three Gorges Dam to control• flooding and improve trade.• Brazil builds the Tucuruí Dam in the tropical• rain forest to produce hydroelectric power.

• Which conclusion can be drawn from these• statements?• (1) Societies often modify their environment to• meet their needs.• (2) Monsoons are needed for the development of• societies.• (3) Topography creates challenges that societies• are unable to overcome.• (4) Land features influence the development of• diverse belief systems.

Question 33

• One way in which the Tang dynasty, the Gupta• Empire, and the European Renaissance are• similar is that they all included periods of• (1) religious unity• (2) democratic reforms• (3) economic isolation• (4) cultural achievements

Question 34

• Which pair of belief systems share a belief that spirits reside in natural objects and forms?

• (1) Hinduism and Confucianism

• (2) Islam and Judaism

• (3) Shintoism and animism

• (4) Christianity and Buddhism

Question 35

• Which statement about the Tang dynasty is a fact• rather than an opinion?

• (1) Technical advances would have been greater• if the Tang dynasty had lasted longer.• (2) China’s best emperors came from the Tang• dynasty.• (3) The Tang emperors granted government jobs• to scholars who passed examinations.• (4) The culture of the Tang dynasty was superior• to that of the Han dynasty.

Question 36

• What was a long-term impact of Marco Polo’s• trips to China?• (1) The Silk Roads replaced the all-water route• to Asia.• (2) The Chinese forced the Europeans to trade• only in Peking.• (3) China was isolated from other countries.• (4) Trade increased between China and Europe.

Question 37

• The Sepoy Rebellion was to India as the Boxer Rebellion was to

• (1) Russia (3) Japan

• (2) China (4) Italy

Question 38

• One reason for Japan’s rapid industrialization during the Meiji Restoration was that Japan had

• (1) rejected Western ideas

• (2) used its access to the sea for fishing

• (3) relied on traditional isolationist policies

• (4) reformed its political and economic systems

Question 39

• One reason the Japanese followed a policy of expansionism before World War II was to gain

• (1) warm-water ports

• (2) control of Tibet

• (3) additional natural resources

• (4) control of the Suez Canal

Question 40

• “Korea Divided at 38th Parallel”• “Hungarian Revolution Crushed”• “Missile Sites Spotted in Cuba”• The events in these headlines contributed to the• (1) development of peacetime alliances• (2) collapse of the Soviet Union• (3) rejection of imperialism by Western nations• (4) tensions between the superpowers

Question 41

• One reason the Chinese Communists were able to gain control of China was primarily due to the support of the

• (1) peasants (3) foreigners

• (2) landed elite (4) warlords

Question 42

• Which nation had the greatest influence on the recent histories of Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Tibet?

• (1) India (3) China

• (2) South Korea (4) Russia

Question 43• “. . . We cannot and must not allow ourselves to• have the message of Hiroshima and Nagasaki• fade completely from our minds, and we cannot• allow our vision or ideals to fade, either. For if we• do, we have but one course left for us. And that• flash of light will not only rob us of our vision, but• it will rob us of our lives, our progeny• [descendants], and our very existence.”• — Tadatoshi Akiba, Mayor of Hiroshima

• With which issue is Mayor Akiba most concerned?• (1) depletion of the ozone layer• (2) treatment of infectious diseases• (3) nuclear proliferation• (4) international terrorism

Question 44

• Both Inca farmers and Japanese farmers adapted• a geographic feature of their countries by

• (1) engaging in overseas expansion• (2) growing crops suited to desert climates• (3) building terraces into the mountainsides• (4) reclaiming land from the sea by building dikes

Question 45

• Which civilization first developed a civil service• system, invented gunpowder, and manufactured• porcelain?

• (1) Aztec (3) Japanese• (2) Chinese (4) Roman

Question 46

• Which two belief systems teach that there are spirits in nature?

• (1) Shinto and animism

• (2) Hinduism and Confucianism

• (3) Judaism and Christianity

• (4) Islam and Buddhism

Question 47

• Historians value the writings of Marco Polo and• Ibn Battuta because they

• (1) serve as primary sources about trade and• culture• (2) provide the basis for European holy books• (3) include advice on how to be a democratic• ruler• (4) present unbiased views of life in Africa and• Asia

Question 48• “. . . I am willing to admit my pride in this• accomplishment for Japan. The facts are these:• It was not until the sixth year of Kaei (1853) that• a steamship was seen for the first time; it was only• in the second year of Ansei (1855) that we began• to study navigation from the Dutch in Nagasaki;• by 1860, the science was sufficiently understood• to enable us to sail a ship across the Pacific. This• means that about seven years after the first sight• of a steamship, after only about five years of• practice, the Japanese people made a trans-• Pacific crossing without help from foreign• experts. I think we can without undue pride• boast before the world of this courage and skill.• As I have shown, the Japanese officers were to• receive no aid from Captain Brooke throughout• the voyage. Even in taking observations, our• officers and the Americans made them• independently of each other. Sometimes they• compared their results, but we were never in the• least dependent on the Americans. . . .”• — Eiichi Kiyooka, trans., The Autobiography of• Fukuzawa Yukichi, The Hokuseido Press, 1934

Question 48

• Which set of events is most closely associated• with the nation described in this passage?

• (1) end of the Opium War → creation of• European spheres of influence• (2) end of the Tokugawa Shogunate →beginning• of the Meiji Restoration• (3) fall of the Manchus → rise of Sun Yixian• (Sun Yat-sen)• (4) imperialism in China →start of World War II

Question 49

• One similarity between Mikhail Gorbachev’s• perestroika and Deng Xiaoping’s Four• Modernizations is that each• (1) allowed elements of capitalism• (2) maintained the democratic process• (3) strengthened communism• (4) increased global tensions

Question 50

• One similarity between the Korean War and the• Vietnam War is that both wars were

• (1) resolved through the diplomatic efforts of the• United Nations• (2) fought as a result of differing political• ideologies during the Cold War• (3) fought without foreign influence or assistance• (4) caused by religious conflicts

Question 51

• Which practice in medieval Europe was most• similar to a Japanese warrior’s code of bushido?

• (1) indulgences (3) chivalry• (2) serfdom (4) tribute

Question 52

• The exchange of silks and spices and the spread of• Buddhism along the Silk Roads are examples of

• (1) cultural diffusion (3) ethnocentrism• (2) self-sufficiency (4) desertification

Question 53

• Which two cultures most influenced the

• development of early Japan?

• (1) Greek and Roman

• (2) Chinese and Korean

• (3) Egyptian and Mesopotamian

• (4) Indian and Persian

Question 54

• The Opium Wars in China and the expedition of• Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan resulted in• (1) the economic isolation of China and Japan• (2) an increase in Chinese influence in Asia• (3) the beginning of democratic governments in• China and Japan• (4) an increase in Western trade and influence in• Asia

Question 55

• What was a direct result of the Meiji Restoration• in Japan?• (1) Japan became a modern industrial nation.• (2) The Tokugawa Shogunate seized control of• the government.• (3) Russia signed a mutual trade agreement.• (4) Japan stayed politically isolated.

Question 56

• One similarity in the leadership of Jomo• Kenyatta, José de San Martín, and Sun Yixian• (Sun Yat-sen) is that they• (1) supported nationalistic movements• (2) organized communist rebellions• (3) opposed trade with other nations• (4) established democratic rule in their countries

Question 57

• • Scholars take civil service examinations for

• government positions.

• • Students form Red Guard units to challenge

• counterrevolutionaries.

• • Students demonstrate for democratic reforms

• in the capital and are killed by government

• troops.

• These statements describe the changing role of

• students in which nation?

• (1) Japan (3) Russia

• (2) China (4) India

Question 58• • The fertile soil of river valleys allowed early

• civilizations to develop and flourish.

• • In the 1500s and 1600s, control of the Strait of

• Malacca determined who traded in the Spice

• Islands.

• • Because Japan is an island that is mostly mountainous,

• people live in densely populated areas

• along the coast.

• Which conclusion is best supported by these

• statements?

• (1) Major urban centers are found only along

• rivers.

• (2) The geography of a nation or region influences

• its development.

• (3) Without mountains and rivers, people cannot

• develop a culture.

• (4) The spread of new ideas is discouraged by

• trade and conquest.

Question 59

• Which statement about cultural diffusion in Asia• is most accurate?• (1) Byzantine traders brought the Justinian Code• to China.• (2) Roman legions introduced Christianity to• India.• (3) Indian monks brought Islam to the Middle• East.• (4) Chinese ideas and practices spread into• Korea and Japan.

Question 60

• “. . . Let the king and his ministers labor with a• mutual sympathy, saying, ‘We have received the• decree of Heaven and it shall be great as the longcontinued• years of Hsia; yea, it shall not fail of the• long-continued years of Yin.’ I wish the king,• through the attachment of the lower people, to• receive the long-abiding decree of Heaven. . . .”• — Clae Waltham, ed., Shu Ching, Book of History

• Which concept is being referred to in this• passage?• (1) dynastic cycle (3) natural rights• (2) matriarchal society (4) monotheism

Question 61

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Questions 72/73

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Question 80/81

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Questions 89/90

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Question 106/107/108

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