Geog 105 – Earthquakes and Volcanoes 1 Syllabus Fall, 2007

E A R T H Q U A K E S A N D V O L C A N O E SE A R T H Q U A K E S A N D V O L C A N O E S Geog 105Geog 105

Instructor: Prof. James MillsInstructor: Prof. James Mills

Office: JSC 214Office: JSC 214 Phone: 658Phone: 658 -- 4669 or 6584669 or 658-- 46544654 EE -- mail: JMILLSmail: JMILLS Office Hours: Office Hours: 11:0011:00 –– 1 122:: 0000 am MWF, or by appointment am MWF, or by appointment

REQUIRED TEXT*:

Essentials of Geology, Marshak, S., 2nd ed., Norton Publishers, 2007 ISBN 10: 0-393-92815-2 Earthquakes, Bolt. B., 5th ed., Freeman Publishers, 2006

ISBN 0-7167-7548-4 Volcanoes, Francis, P. and Oppenheimer, C., 2nd ed., 2004, Oxford University

Press, ISBN 0-19-925469-9 *These texts are available at the campus bookstore, Fine Print Bookstore on the square, Greencastle or through the internet

CLASS PERIOD: Lecture 2:15 - 3:15 pm MWF, JSC 222 Lab 2:00 – 3:50 Thursday, JSC 222 ATTENDANCE:

Regular attendance is required and expected for both lecture and lab. If you must miss a lecture class due to other obligations, please be sure to get the notes from someone else in the course and check with me to see if there are any materials you need to pick up. As the lab is an integral part of the course, failure to attend and/or turn in three or more laboratory exercises will result in an ‘F’ for the class regardless of your performance in other areas of the class (exams, homework, etc.).

VIDEOS:

There are numerous good videos available for this course and we will see some of them. Most of the videos will be on reserve in the Prevo Science Library. We will see a few videos during class time and I will announce when these will be. You are responsible for the material in the videos therefore I strongly encourage you to pay attention as you watch.

HOMEWORKS and QUIZZES: Several homework assignments will be given during the course of the semester.

No late assignments will be accepted. On occasion I will give a quiz from the readings, videos and lecture material. These will be unannounced and cannot be made-up.

EXAMINATIONS: One-hour exams are scheduled approximately once every four weeks. See the attached lecture syllabus for the appropriate dates. NO MAKE-UP EXAMS WILL BE GIVEN EXCEPT FOR DOCUMENTED EMERGENCIES. The final exam will be given on the scheduled date and will be COMPREHENSIVE. The final exam MAY NOT be taken at any other time than the officially scheduled time.

Geog 105 – Earthquakes and Volcanoes 2 Syllabus Fall, 2007

GRADING: Your course grade will be determined from the criteria listed below: One-hour exams (3) 30% (10% for each exam) Final exam 20% Homework’s, Quizzes, Projects 15% Laboratory Exercises 35% GRADE SCALE: A 93-100% C+ 79-77% D- 63-60% A- 92-90% C 76-74% F <60% B+ 89-87% C- 73-70% B 86-84% D+ 69-67% B- 83-80% D 66-64% SYLLABUS:

Every attempt will be made to keep the schedule outlined in this syllabus. Changes will be announced in class as necessary.

ACADEMIC HONESTY:

Any act that places a student in unfair advantage with respect to the rest of the class will be treated according to the University procedures outlined in the Student Handbook.

IMPORTANT DATES TO REMEMBER

Adjustment Period (add/drop) - August 22 -29 Last Day to Drop with a ‘W’ – October 12

Last Day to change from P/F to Grade – November 7

Photos: Courtesy of the United States Geological Survey

Geog 105 – Earthquakes and Volcanoes 3 Syllabus Fall, 2007

EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES

WEEKLY LECTURE SYLLABUS

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE EARTH AND ITS MATERIALS Week Topics Aug. 22 Introduction, Atoms and Minerals, The Rock Groups

27 The Rock Groups The Earth - Its Crust and Interior Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics

EARTHQUAKES

Week Topics Sept. 3 Plate Boundaries, Faults, Earthquake Signals

10 Earthquake Magnitudes, Causes of Earthquakes Transform Boundary Quakes; The San Andreas Fault, Antolian Fault, Turkey; "The Big One" San Francisco, 1906; Loma Prieta, 1989

17 San Fernando, California, 1971; Northridge Earthquake, 1994

Subduction Zone Earthquakes; Anchorage, Alaska, 1964; Pacific Northwest, USA; Chile, South America, 1960; Sumatra, 2004

24 Rift Zone Quakes; New Madrid, Missouri, 1811-12; Indiana; Earthquake

Hazards: Landslides, Liquefaction, Fires

EXAM #1, Wednesday, September 26th Oct. 1 Earthquake Hazard Mitigation, Earthquake Prediction

VOLCANOES

8 Earthquake Prediction, Magmas, Origin and Modification; Rift Zones

FALL BREAK October 13-21

Geog 105 – Earthquakes and Volcanoes 4 Syllabus Fall, 2007

VOLCANOESVOLCANOES

Week Topics

Oct. 22 Magmas, Origin and Modification; Subduction Zones; Hot Spots

EXAM #2, Wednesday, October 24th

29 Volcanic Products: Lavas vs. Ash; Eruption Dynamics

Basalts

Volcanoes from the Sea - Oceanic Crust Basalts Nov. 5 Ocean Islands: Hawaii; Iceland: Cinder Cones: Mt. Particun, Mexico

12 Flood Basalts; Columbia Plateau, USA

Andesites Mt. St. Helens

EXAM #3, Wednesday, November 14th

19 Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines; Nevada del Ruiz, South America, Mt. Rainier,

Washington; Mt. Pele, Martinique; Vesuvius, Italy

THANKSGIVING BREAK, Nov. 21 - 25 26 Rhyolites

Mono Domes and Inyo Craters, California; Long Valley, California; Crater Lake, Oregon and the Cascades; Yellowstone National Park

Dec. 3 Volcanic Hazard Analysis; Predicting Eruptions

(Last Day of Class – December 7th) FINAL EXAM, December 14, Friday, 1:00 – 4:00 pm

Geog 105 – Earthquakes and Volcanoes 5 Syllabus Fall, 2007

WEEKLY READINGS Note: Additional readings will be put on reserve periodically. You will be notified in class when this occurs. WEEK MATERIAL

Earth Materials and Processes

Aug. 22 Marshak – Chp. 1 (pgs. 1 – 20); Chp. 3

27 Marshak – Interlude A; Chp. 5 (pgs. 131 – 147); Chp. 6 (pgs. 153 – 161; 170 – 171)

Chp. 1 (pgs. 25 – 32); Chp. 2

Earthquakes Sept. 3 Marshak - Chp. 2: Chp. 9 (pgs. 248 – 258); Interlude C

Bolt – Chp. 1 (pgs. 19 – 24) 10 Marshak – Chp. 8 (pgs. 206 – 225)

Bolt – Chp. 4, 5, 8 ; Chp. 1 (pgs. 1 – 14); Chp. 3 (pgs. 71 – 73)

17 Marshak - Chp. 8 (pgs. 206 – 225) Bolt – Chp. 4 (pgs. 106 – 107); Chp. 1 (pgs. 14 – 19); Chp. 3 (pgs. 62 – 64); Chp. 7 (pgs. 155- 157); Chp. 10 (pgs. 230 – 234); Scan Chp. 9

24 Marshak - Chp. 8 (pgs. 226 – 234; 237 – 239);

Bolt – Chps. 11 and 12 Oct. 1 Marshak – Chp. 8 (pgs. 234 – 237) Bolt – Chp. 10

Volcanoes

8 Marshak – Chp. 4 ; Chp. 2 (pgs. 56 – 69) Francis – Chp. 4 ; Chp. 5 ; Chp. 14 (pgs. 356 – 363)

FALL BREAK, Oct. 13-21

22 Marshak – Chp. 4

Francis - Chp. 14 (pgs. 363 – 371); Chp. 2 (pgs. 39 – 49)

29 Marshak – Chp. 7 – scan all pages Francis – Chp. 6, 7 (scan), 8; Chp. 13 (pgs. 336 – 340); Chp. 14 (pgs. 363 – 371)

Geog 105 – Earthquakes and Volcanoes 6 Syllabus Fall, 2007

WEEKLY READINGS, Continued.

Note: Additional readings will be put on reserve periodically. You will be notified in class when this occurs. WEEK MATERIAL Nov. 5 Francis – Chp. 13 (pgs. 323 – 329); Chp. 6 (pgs. 137 – 154)

Chp. 2 (pgs. 36 -39); Chp. 3; Chp. 16 (pgs. 431 – 435); Chp. 12 (313 – 319)

12 Francis – Chp. 6 (pgs. 156 – 165); Chp. 11

19 Francis – Chp. 11

THANKSGIVING BREAK, Nov. 21 -25 26 Francis – Chps. 16, 17 Dec. 3 Francis – Chps. 16, 17

Geog 105 – Earthquakes and Volcanoes 7 Syllabus Fall, 2007

Laboratory Syllabus* Aug. 23 Lab 1 - Composition of the Earth; Minerals and Rocks Aug. 30 Lab 2 - Composition of the Earth; Minerals and Rocks, continued. Sept. 6 Lab 3 - Plate Tectonics – The Shifting Crust Sept. 13 Lab 4 - Locating an Earthquake Sept. 20 Lab 5 - How big is that Earthquake? Sept. 27 Lab 6 - Earthquake Prediction – The Earthquake Machine

Oct. 4 Lab 7 – Earthquake Prediction – Real-World Data Analysis Oct. 11 Lab 8 – Breaking the Crust – Faults Oct. 25 Lab 9 – Eruptive Products Nov. 1 Lab 10 - Pyroclastic Flows - Tank Exercise Nov. 8 Lab 11 - Volcanic Hazard Analysis – Week 1 Nov. 15 Lab 12 – Volcanic Hazard Analysis – Week 2 Nov. 29 Lab 13 – Volcanic Hazard Reports Dec. 6 Lab 14 – Video *I may decide to re-arrange some of the exercises and will notify the class in advance of any change.

Geog 105 – Earthquakes and Volcanoes 8 Syllabus Fall, 2007

Philosophical Musings on Earthquakes and Volcanoes "San Franciscans are used to earthquakes, but this one was different. The houses didn't squeak, the houses roared. The earth moved back and forth as if it was in a big box and somebody was shaking it back and forth. In the distance, from the north of the city, the smoke began to fill the skies. And the whole sky beyond the north part of the Bay was lit up and burning from the horrible fires that came out of the Marina District. Then we heard, very vaguely, that the Bay Bridge had collapsed. That was real scary." - Randy Shilts, The San Francisco Chronicle "A few days after the main shudder, they told us the quake had lasted only 15 seconds. But that is in real time. Earthquake time isn't real time." - Stephanie Salter, The San Francisco Examiner "Let it be noted, this was the first time a stadium, not the fans, did 'The Wave'." - Dick Draper, The San Mateo Times "The definitive thing is, we don't know what the hell is going on here." - Malcolm Clark, U.S. Geological Survey "I was feeling sorry for myself because I couldn't find something that fell off my shelf. Then a seven-year-old boy came by and said he couldn't find his house." - Cyndi Forbes, Santa Cruz, California resident “Vancouver. Vancouver. This is it!” - Last words of David Johnston, Geologist at Mt. St. Helens "You wouldn't believe it! You wouldn't believe it!" - Last words of Gerry Martin, photographer at Mt. St. Helens "(Mt. St. Helens)... Someone said it was like a moonscape, but it's much worse than anything I've ever seen in pictures of the moon's surface. Fortunately, the (loss of) people in that region (was) minimal, but it is literally indescribable in its devastation." - President Jimmy Carter, May 22, 1980 "General, you had better stuff your pockets with jam. We're about to be toast."

- U.S. Geological Survey seismologist to the commanding General of Clark Air Force Base, Philippines during the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo

“In their stark isolation, some terrified victims watch helplessly as lava swallows their homes. Some shovel away the ash as fast as it falls. Some impede advancing lava-flows with rubble. Some try to outpace hot blasts. Some hide in the cellar. Some wander about in shock. Some simply pray. Some ring church bells. Some bang drums. Some let off fireworks. Some sacrifice virgins. Some panic. Some collect their goods and their families and flee into the stifling darkness. Some try to help their neighbours. Some take warnings seriously. Some dismiss them as myths. Some follow pundits and false prophets. Some react with intelligent forethought and prescience. Some execute efficient plans. Others run around like headless chickens. Just as they always will. To witness a great eruption closely is an awesome privilege. To survive is a bonus.”

- Vulcan’s Fury; Man against the volcano: Scarth, A., 1999, Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut

Geog 105 – Earthquakes and Volcanoes 9 Syllabus Fall, 2007

Prof. James Mills Dept. of Geosciences

Fall, 2007 Office: JSC 214 Phone: x4669 E-mail: JMILLS

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 7:50-8:50 Geol 280 Geol 280 Geol 280 9-10:30 10:10-11:10 Geol 280 11:00-12:00

Lab

12-1:00 1-2:00 2:15-3:15

Geog 105 Geog 105 Geog 105

Geog 105

3:00 – 4:00 Lab 4-5:00 Faculty 5-6:00 Meeting 6:00 – 7:00 7:00 – 8:00 8:00 – 9:00 Geog 105 = Earthquakes and Volcanoes, JSC 222 Geol 280 = Mineralogy, JSC 226

Geog 105 – Earthquakes and Volcanoes 10 Syllabus Fall, 2007

DAILY SYLLABUS Aug. 22 Introduction; The Scientific Method; Atoms, Minerals and Rocks 24 The Rock Groups; Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic 1_____________________________________________________________________________ 27 The Rock Groups; Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic, 29 The Earth's Crust and Interior 31 Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics 2_____________________________________________________________________________ Sept. 3 Plate Boundaries 5 Faults 7 Earthquake Signals - Seismographs and Seismograms Locating Earthquakes 3_____________________________________________________________________________

10 Earthquake Magnitudes, Causes of Earthquakes

12 Transform Boundary Quakes The San Andreas Fault San Francisco, 1906

14 Loma Prieta, 1989

4_____________________________________________________________________________ 17 Northridge Quake, 1994 The Antolian Fault, Turkey 19 Subduction Zone Earthquakes

Chile, 1960 Anchorage, Alaska, 1964 Sumatra, 2004

21 Pacific Northwest, USA 5_____________________________________________________________________________ 24 Rift Zone Earthquakes

Oceanic Spreading Centers New Madrid, Missouri, 1811-12;

Indiana 26 EXAM #1

28 Earthquake Hazards Shaking, Landslides, Fire

Geog 105 – Earthquakes and Volcanoes 11 Syllabus Fall, 2007

6_____________________________________________________________________________ Oct. 1 Hazard Mitigation – Building Better Buildings

3 Tsunamis, Earthquake Prediction 5 VIDEO: Earthquake Prediction (NSF Meeting at Butler) 7_____________________________________________________________________________ 8 Earthquake Prediction 10 Volcanoes – Overview: Magmas

Melting Rocks, The Origin of Magma

12 Regions of Magma Formation: Rift Zones

FALL BREAK Oct. 13-21 8_____________________________________________________________________________ 22 Regions of Magma Formation: Subduction Zones 24 EXAM #2

26 Regions of Magma Formation: Hot Spots

9_____________________________________________________________________________ 29 GSA - DENVER 31 Volcanic Products; Lava and ash Nov. 2 Basalts Oceanic Spreading Centers 10____________________________________________________________________________ 5 Ocean Islands

Hawaii

7 Iceland 9 Cinder Cones and Cinder Cone Fields San Francisco Volcanic Field Paricutin, Mexico 11____________________________________________________________________________ 12 Flood Basalts

Columbia River Plateau 14 Exam #3 16 Andesites Mt. St. Helens

Geog 105 – Earthquakes and Volcanoes 12 Syllabus Fall, 2007

12____________________________________________________________________________ 19 Mt. Pinatubo

Nevada del Ruiz Mt. Pele, Martinique

Vesuvius, Italy

THANKSGIVING BREAK, Nov. 21-25 13____________________________________________________________________________ 26 Rhyolites Crater Lake, Oregon Calderas Rabul, Papau, New Guinea Toba, Indonesia 28 Long Valley, California Yellowstone National Park 30 Domes Mono Domes and Inyo Craters, California 14____________________________________________________________________________ Dec. 3 Volcanic Hazard Analysis A case example 5 Volcanic Hazard Analysis 7 Predicting Volcanic Eruptions FINAL EXAM, December 14, Friday, 1:00-4:00 pm