Early AMerica

1700s

• Rise of secularism, affluence– English parks, gardens

• Scientific Revolution

• French Revolution (1789-1799)

• Industrial Revolution

1700s

• Industrial-strength resource extraction– British ships

• 1782 U.S. Constitution signed

1800s – Acquisition & Disposal Phases

• Federal acquisitions– 1803: Louisiana Purchase (France)– 1819: Florida (Spain)– 1846: OR, WA, ID (England)– 1848: NM to CA (Mexico)– 1850: Texas (Texas)– 1867: Alaska (Russia)

1800s – Acquisition & Disposal Phases

• Federal disposal of public lands– Railroad concessions– 1853: Central Park, NYC

• Federal reservation of public lands– Pleasuring grounds– First American game reserves– 1872: Yellowstone National Park – 1886: U.S. Cavalry in Yellowstone– 1890: Sequoia National Park, Yosemite NP– 1891: Forest Reserve Act

1800s – Acquisition & Disposal Phases

• 1864: Of Man and Nature• 1872: 6th edition, Origin of Species • 1880s first golf resorts• Consumptive use/recreation– 1890: last wild passenger pigeon shot– Bison depauperate– Closing of the frontier

1800s – Acquisition & Disposal Phases

• 1864: Of Man and Nature• 1872: 6th edition, Origin of Species • 1880s first golf resorts• Consumptive use/recreation– 1890: last wild passenger pigeon shot– Bison

• John Muir vs. Gifford Pinchot– Hetch Hetchy Valley

1900s – Custodial, Confrontation Phases

• 1901 – 1909:Theodore Roosevelt– 100M ac forest reserves

• 1905: Transfer Act – Bureau of Forestry • 1906: Antiquities Act– National monuments

• 1910: Glacier National Park• 1915: Rocky Mountain National Park• 1916: NPS Organic Act

2016: Centennial of the National Park Service

1900s: Custodial Phase

• 1900-1930: Reform Parks – organized rec– 1930s: Civilian Conservation Corps, Works Progress

Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority– FD Roosevelt, the Golden Age of Conservation– 1937: Appalachian Trail – Benton MacKaye– Rockefeller land donations

Prewar America

• The following images are from 1939-43, documenting the effects of the Great Depression

• Farm Security Administration, Office of War Information