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Dr. SHAHID MANSOOR, SI HEC Distinguished National Professor DIRECTOR National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan 1 Biotechnology-driven sustainable agriculture

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2 Sustainable agriculture; Challenges and opportunities Challenges Population growth and food security Yield stagnation and increasing cost of production Climate change and environmental degradation Water availability and quality Salinity and water logging Land availability Pest and diseases Opportunities Major progress in understanding of genetics, genomics and genetic engineering Challenges bring opportunities

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An affiliate centre of ICGEB, Trieste, Italy Center of Excellence by Min. of Science & Technology National library of Biological Sciences Affiliation with Quaid-i-Azam University and Pakistan Institute for Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) M.Phil & Ph.D Biotechnology Degree ISO 9001-2008 Certified NIBGE NIBGE

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PAEC Agri./Biotech Centers/other strategic organizations Partners; PAEC Agri./Biotech Centers/other strategic organizations

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Crop Improvement strategies Conventional Green revolution Biotechnological Gene revolution Conventional breeding Mutation breeding High yielding varieties responsive to fertilizers and pesticides Tissue Culture Genetic Engineering Marker-assisted selection Crops with high yield and efficiency Genetic Engineering Gene Pool, Unlimited Plant Breeding Gene Pool, Limited

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Genomics; a silent revolution Major improvements in sequencing technologies All major crops/livestock have either been sequenced or will be sequenced in the next few year DNA based marker technologies Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) Automated phenotyping Bioinformatics; Our ability to handle genomic data Huge potential for crop improvement, Disease diagnosis and environment

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How technologies can help in food security and sustainable agriculture in irrigated and non-irrigated areas? Genomics and understanding of QTLs and genes affecting productivity Combination of genetic selection and genetic engineering in evolution of superior varieties Technologies to reduce cost of production/yield losses Sustainable improvement of soil health and underground water resources Selection of high performing livestock through genomics Quality/safety enhancement of products Mechanism of transfer of technologies

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Success stories from Pakistan Genetic engineering Cotton Wheat Sugarcane Potato Genomic selection Rice Wheat

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NIBGE efforts in developing Bt cotton varieties IR-NIBGE-1524 IR-NIBGE-3701 2005 2006 2007 IR-NIBGE-32010 IR-NIBGE-42011 Upcoming lines Time line Approved for Sindh in 2011 20% (2009 & 2010) 25% in 2011 National variety approved in 2010 and 2011 Drought prone area (2%) National variety, approved in 2010 & 11 25%, 18% area in 2010, 2011, respectively 1-1.2 million bale advantage IR-FH-901, IR-448 & IR-4432002 Improved IR-NIBGE-901 Approved in 2012 Popular for spring cultivation Completed on year in NCBT Tolerance to lodging rotenning Total Approved cotton varieties 1.NIBGE-22006 2.IR-NIBGE-15242010 3.IR-NIBGE-37012010 4.IR-NIBGE-9012011 5.IR-NIBGE-32012 6.NIBGE-1152012 7.NN-32013 IR-NIBGE-5 IR-NIBGE-6 2013 2014 New IR-lines With better fiber

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Sindh (A)Punjab (B) Million balesMillion US$Million balesMillion US$ IR-NIBGE-901 2.14858.960.23575.83 IR-NIBGE-1524 0.0931.910.822265.02 IR-NIBGE-3701 0.37138.984.7142115.63 Total 2.601029.845.7712456.48 Million balesMillion US$ Grand Total (A+B)8.373486 Grand Total (A+B) = 8.37 Million bales US$=3486 Million or Rs=~345 Billion Summary of the Impact

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Limiting factors and cotton genetic engineering Virus resistance Multiple gene construct (G5, GroEL, artificial zinc finger Insect and herbicide resistance Cry1Ac+Cry2ab+EPSPS Sucking pests Lectin and Hvt under phloem-specific promoters RNAi based resistance against whitefly Abiotic stress tolerance Three gene construct for drought and salt stress tolerance Fiber improvement Three gene construct for fiber length improvement

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Major constraints include: Abiotic Biotic Drought Submergence Salinity Phosphorus deficiency High priority at NIBGE Provision of services to rice exporters Understanding genes that contribute to yield Improved crop varieties through DNA markers Identify sources of tolerance for all traits in germplasm and to identify major QTLs and tightly-linked DNA markers for several traits Rice Diseases Bacterial leaf blight Bacterial leaf blast

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Advance Line 1Advance Line 2 BLB resistant Basmati advanced lines

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Designation Paddy Yield (Kg/ha) Average Trial Locations NARC RRI Dokri SujawalTando Jam ARF Gujranwala RRI KSK NIAB Faisalabad 1BR-13066.7 de3500.0 d6218.0 ab6566.7 a4921.3 b5677.6 a2832.1 cd 4683.2 a 2PK 8431-2-1-2-46073.3 ab6395.0 a4630.0 cd3080.0 fg4529.0 c4394.9 c2774.6 de 4554.0 ab 3BR-182793.3 ef4083.0 cd6633.0 a5590.0 b4221.0 d5575.2 a2545.9 f 4491.7 ab 4R-4565260.0 abc6000.0 a4519.0 d3693.3 d3704.1 g4258.7 c3139.5 ab 4373.6 bc 5BR-23 1586.7 f4000.0 cd5700.0 b5936.7 b3988.0 e4965.1 b3139.5 ab 4188.0 cd 6PK 8647-11-1-16280.0 a4583.0 bc3952.0 ef3580.0 de3675.0 g3768.7 d3315.2 a 4165.0 cd 7PK 8892-4-2-1-14306.7 cd4500.0 bc5078.0 c3290.0 ef5021.0 a 3659.4 de 2552.8 ef4058.3 d 8PK 8685-5-1-1-1-15433.3 abc4583.0 bc3599.0 f4180.0 c3642.0 g3879.7 d3008.3 bc4046.7 d 9NIAB-11754700.0 bc 4333.0 bcd 4512.0 d4066.7 c3813.0 f3547.0 e3292.6 a 4037.9 de 10PK 8667-8-5-1-14180.0 cde5000.0 b3715.0 f2770.0 g3925.0 e4411.6 c2557.4 ef 3794.2 ef BASMATI-515 CHECK4100.0 cde4500.0 bc4363.0 de2366.7 h3533.0 h4765.4 b2798.3 cd3775.2 f SUPER BASMATI Check 3273.3 de3583.0 d4580.0 cd3076.7 fg4450.0 c 3690.9 de 2827.7 cd 3640.4 f Location means4254.4 cd4588.5 ab4792.1 a4016.4 d4118.6 cd4382.9 c 2902.0 e Fine Rice NUYT Trial-2013 Means with the same case letter do not differ significantly at p