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Dr Henrica A. F. M. Jansen UNECE Work Session on Gender Statistics Geneva, 8 October 2008. Violence against Women Indicators on scope, prevalence and incidence... REFLECTIONS ON VAW Egm report 2007. Introduction. General considerations for indicators on VAW - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Dr Henrica A. F. M. JansenUNECE Work Session on Gender StatisticsGeneva, 8 October 2008
General considerations for indicators on VAW
Overview proposed indicators on VAW
Comments for reflection and discussion
"Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts."
(Sign hanging in Einstein'soffice at Princeton)
Need to provide a simple summaryof a complex picture
Need to present features to support informed decision making, policy and programs
Need to be sensitive enough to measure change (periodicity)
Need to enable international comparisons(remember “SMART”???)
No indicator is perfect It is important to be aware of potential
weaknesses The range of indicators to be used
changes according to the purpose and context
If you use of a group of indicators that reflect different aspects of VAW than you get a better idea of the bigger picture
Disaggregation of indicators (sex, age, rural/urban, etc.)
Availability of data sources Feasibility and sustainability of data
collection Not overburden States
Indicators can be an incentive towards systematic and accelerated data collection (accompanied by capacity buildingand institutional development)
Outcome indicators:To measure the extent of the phenomenon (included in EGM report)
Process indicators for policy development and implementation to measure the States’ responses to the problem (indicators developed elsewhere)
Surveys done: VAW/IPV/DV/GBV (by type, time, perpetrators)
Reported violence, through administrative and crime statistics
Issues: comparability reliability...
2006: In region covered by Conference of European Statisticians: 25 national surveys in 17 countries Half conducted by/with NSOs
National dedicated surveys Internationally comparative surveys Module added to other surveys (cheaper,
limited, more under-reporting, safety issues)
Almost all surveys give indicators of prevalence.
Many also on frequency Almost all on perpetrators Surveys carried out by many national
statistical offices and other institutions, however as ad hoc activity
Attitudes sometimes collected -- Issues around usefulness
This may not be the most common form of VAW, depending on context
Demand driven indicators are needed with a regional dimension
Limited to scope, prevalence and incidence of VAW
Give a overview of existing initiatives for the development of indicators
Proposing and international framework for indicators on VAW
Recommending a course of action for different stakeholders at global, regional and national level and donors.
One indicator on the prevalence of all forms of VAW justified in terms of possible misuse of disaggregated data to stigmatize communities..
However: Not simple Not easy to interpret, different contexts Not related to existing data sources Not clear how to assess over time Not comparable transnational etc etc
Physical violence Sexual violence Intimate partner violence Harmful practices
FGM Early marriage (<18y)
severity Perpe-
trator
Fre-quenc
y
Last year
Lifetime
X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X
X
DIMENSIONS
Physical violence Sexual violence Intimate partner
violence Harmful practices
FGM Early marriage
(<18y)
Survey Survey Survey
???Survey/
records??Contextual?
Data source
Need to reconsider harmful practices
Physical violence
Sexual violence
Intimate partner violence
Acts/freq/sev
Acts/freq/else?
Phys and/or sexwho is partner??
Measurement issues
Killing of women by intimate partners Female infanticide Threats of violence Economic and emotional violence as part of
IPV “Honour” crimes Dowry related violence Sexual exploitation Trafficking Femicide Forced marriage Sexual harassment
Issues: Different data sources!!Different levels of feasibility
Consider including Child Sexual Abuse
Operationalization of the different types of violence in terms of acts/injuries(methodological work in ongoing)
Severity, threshold (including frequency, injuries, impact?)
Incidents/Frequency?
STRENGTH: FOCUS ON SEVERITY AND INCIDENTS
Advantages Uses concept of DV as a ‘course of
conduct’ Conventional measure among DV experts
Disadvantages Hard to translate into crime statistics,
which are based on number of ‘incidents’ Does not contain measure of severity Specialised, not mainstream, indicator
Frequency/Incidents Crimes are counted as incidents If dv/gender based violence is to be
mainstreamed into crime statistics there needs to be an incident count
Injuries Violent crime categories are differentiated
primarily by injury level, though also intent To mainstream, injuries need to be known
for each incident
Moving towards “mainstreaming” vaw
Moving towards more inclusive vaw (not only DV/IPV)
Special surveys vs. Modules
Standardized/harmonised methodology – possible/desirable?
Realistic expectations of indicators – provides baseline, but not likely to see dramatic changes in prevalence in the short term
Women’s safety as priority
It really counts, And it needs to be counted!!!
THANK YOU!! [email protected]