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DO NOW: REVIEW FROM YESTERDAY:You need your reference table…
Name the element1. Period 7, group 1
2. Period 4, Halogen family
3. 2 energy shells, Alkaline Earth Metal
4. Noble gas, period 2
5. 3 valance electrons, period 3
6. 6 valance electrons, 3 energy shells
7. 1 energy shell, 2 valance electrons
8. Row 4, Carbon Family
What is the periodic table?
• compact way of organizing elements• contains a lot of information • allows us to make predictions about
behaviour and properties of elements
• Elements
Periodic Law
• There is a periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of elements when arranged by increasing atomic numberincreasing atomic number
Classifying the Elements
• 75% of elements are metalsmetals• Remaining elements: non-metalsnon-metals &
metalloidsmetalloids (semi-metals)• Staircase:Staircase:
– dividing line between metals & nonmetals – elements to left are metals– elements to right are non-metals
Properties of Metals• Malleable – flattened into sheets• Ductile – drawn into wires & tubes • have Luster• Good Conductors of heat & electricity• Solid at room temperature (except Hg)• Metals lose electrons & form positive ions
““Metals are losersMetals are losers””
So…metals don’t want electrons, they want to get rid of
them
2-8-1 2-8
Hg
LIQUID
SOLIDS
METALSMOST REACTIVE METAL (MOST METALLIC) = BEST LOSER
Properties of Nonmetals• generally gases or solids (except Br2)
• solids are Brittle• solids are Dull• poor conductors of heat & electricity• Nonmetals gain electrons & form negative ions
““Nonmetals are winnersNonmetals are winners””
So…nonmetals love electrons, they want to take electrons
2-6 2-8
Hg
LIQUID
SOLIDS
METALSMOST REACTIVE METAL (MOST METALLIC) = BEST LOSER
Br
NONMETALS
MOST REACTIVENONMETAL
Non-reactive – they have
all 8 valance electrons
Most elements are solid at room temperature
• Liquids (only 2 at room temp.)– Br2 (non-metal) and Hg (metal)
• GASES– Elements that are gases at STP are…
Diatomics: They don’t like to be alone so they always pair up!
• H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2
– Monatomics: noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Hg
LIQUID
SOLIDS
METALSMOST REACTIVE METAL (MOST METALLIC) = BEST LOSER
Br
NONMETALS
MOST REACTIVENONMETAL
Non-reactive – they have
all 8 valance electrons
GASSES
H
N O F
Cl
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe
Rn
Properties of Metalloids
Each metalloid has some metallic and some nonmetallic properties– Example:Si
• shiny like metal but brittle like nonmetal