DO NOW

Fill in the blanks on your Do Now slip using the words from the word bank.

Let’s go over the Do Now…

Atoms consist of a nucleus that contains positively charged subatomic particles called _______________________ and subatomic particles with no charge called _______________________ . Around the nucleus, negatively-charged subatomic particles called _______________________ float around. Atoms form _______________________ with each other in order to create _______________________ . Some of these have an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges, meaning that one side is more positive while the other side is more negative. A molecule like this would be considered _______________________ . _______________________ bonding, important in water and other molecules, happens when the slightly positive hydrogen of one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative charge of a different atom in another molecule.

protonsneutrons

electronsbonds

molecules

polarHydrogen bonding

MACROMOLECULES PART 2:PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS

Quick review: Which picture below represents the monomer of the polymer shown to the right?

A B

C D

NUCLEIC ACIDS: The Genetic Code

DNA or RNA

• Contains the “instructions” for processes occurring within an organism

• Determines characteristics of that organism

• Passed on from parents (1/2 from each)

NUCLEOTIDES: The MONOMER of Nucleic Acids

Phosphate

SugarNitrogen base

Three parts to a nucleotide (label them in your notes):

Nucleotides bond together to form the polymer, a nucleic acid.

• The sequence of the nitrogen bases

is the “code”, the language of nucleic acid• This sequence is “read”

and used to make the correct proteins

PROTEINS

• Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen– C, H, O and N

• Monomer = amino acids, joined together by peptide bonds to form the polymer

• Perform a huge variety of functions in living organisms

AMINO ACIDS: The MONOMER of proteins

• There are 20 different amino acids

• The types and order/sequences of these amino acids in a protein is what determines what that protein is and what its role will be

ALL AMINO ACIDS HAVE:

An amino group

A carboxyl groupAn “R” group: this is the one that makes each one different

PROTEINS are essential for life:

• They transport materials (maintaining Homeostasis)

• They break things down (Using energy)• They help cells communicate (Responding to

their environment)• They maintain and repair body tissue

(Growing and developing)• They signal our brains (Reproducing)– Hormones!

Enzymatic

13

Enzymes are proteins!

Enzyme

Example: Digestive enzymes help break bonds in food molecules.Function: Speed up chemical reactions

Storage

14

Storage proteins

OvalbuminAmino acidsfor embryo

Function: Storage of amino acids

Examples: Casein, the protein of milk, is the majorsource of amino acids for baby mammals. Plants havestorage proteins in their seeds. Ovalbumin is theprotein of egg white, used as an amino acid sourcefor the developing embryo.

Hormonal

15

Hormonal proteins

Function: Coordination of an organism’s activities

Example: Insulin, a hormone secreted by thepancreas, causes other tissues to take up glucose,thus regulating blood sugar concentration

Highblood sugar

Normalblood sugar

Insulinsecreted

Defensive

16

Defensive proteins

Virus

Antibodies

Bacterium

Function: Protection against diseaseExample: Antibodies inactivate and help destroyviruses and bacteria.

Transport

17

Transport proteins

Transportprotein

Cell membrane

Function: Transport of substances

Examples: Hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein ofvertebrate blood, transports oxygen from the lungs toother parts of the body. Other proteins transportmolecules across cell membranes.

Receptor

18

Signalingmolecules

Receptorprotein

Receptor proteins

Function: Response of cell to chemical stimuli

Example: Receptors built into the membrane of anerve cell detect signaling molecules released byother nerve cells.

Structural

60 m

Collagen

Connectivetissue

Structural proteins

Function: Support

Examples: Keratin is the protein of hair, horns,feathers, and other skin appendages. Insects andspiders use silk fibers to make their cocoons and webs,respectively. Collagen and elastin proteins provide afibrous framework in animal connective tissues.

CCSI: Colonel Crime Scene Investigators

CCSI: Colonel Crime Scene InvestigatorsYou have a… dah duh dahhhhh… a murder mystery to solve…

You and your partners, as top-notch Biology students at WFHS, have been asked to assist with the investigation.

The victimAn autopsy revealed that the victim ate just before the estimated time of death.

After questioning the victim’s family and friends, you’ve determined that he could have eaten at one of the following 3 locations.

Location 1: Dairy QueenThe victim’s FAVORITE place to satisfy his sweet tooth! He would get his “usual” every time: a hot fudge sundae mounded high with peanuts.

Location 2: Buffalo Wild Wings

The victim would catch the U.Va. game here while feasting on Blazin’ wings and celery.

Location 3: Luigi’s Italian Cuisine

The victim would keep it simple here, dining on bread, and fresh homemade pasta with olive oil.

So…

Where did he have his last meal?

Analyze his stomach contents to find out…

TABLE:ORGANIC COMPOUND

MONOMER POLYMER INDICATOR TEST

PROTEIN (CHON) AMINO ACIDS PROTEIN CHAINS, POLYPEPTIDES

BIURET’S SOLUTION

CARBOHYDRATE – monosaccharides,

glucose (CH2O mono)

MONOSACCHARIDES POLYSACCHARIDES BENEDICT’S SOLUTION

CARBOHYDRATE – polysaccharides,

starch (CH2O poly)

MONOSACCHARIDES POLYSACCHARIDES LUGOL’S IODINE

LIPDS – fats (CHO) FATTY ACIDS FATTY ACID CHAINS BROWN PAPER BAG TEST