DNA Review!

Structure Scientists Vocab Protein Synthesis RNA vs. DNA

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Question for Structure- $100

• This is the monomer of a nucleic acid.

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• What is a nucleotide?

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• This is the 3 part structure of a nucleotide.

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• What is a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base?

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• These are the 4 nitrogenous bases found in DNA.

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• What are adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine?

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• These two parts of the nucleotide make up the sides to the structure.

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• What are the sugar and phosphate group?

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• When bonding together, the thymine base will match up with this base.

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• What is adenine?

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Question for Scientists - $100

• Franklin and Wilkins used this method to take photos of DNA.

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• What is X-ray diffraction?

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• This is what Watson and Crick were able to discover after they analyzed the DNA X-ray photo.

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• What is the double helix structure of DNA?

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• This is the type of virus that infects bacteria only.

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• What is a bacteriophage?

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• This scientist worked with enzymes to break down pneumonia bacteria and discovered it is the DNA in the bacteria that causes infection.

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• Who is Avery?

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• The results of Griffith showed that the bacteria treated with heat killed smooth bacteria did this to the rough harmless bacteria.

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• What is cause a transformation to harmful bacteria?

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Question for Vocab - $100

• This is when a bacteria changes another bacteria.

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• What is a transformation?

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• This rule was made by Chargaff and explain that Adenine bonds with Thymine and Guanine bonds with Cytosine.

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• What is base pairing?

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• When DNA is copied is it called this.

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Answer for DNA Replication - $300

• What is replication?

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Question for Vocab - $400

• This part of the mRNA is expressed and gets to exit the nucleus after RNA editing.

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• What are exons?

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• This is a change in the DNA sequence and could cause problems.

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• What is a mutation?

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Question for Protein Synthesis - $100

• This enzyme “unzips” DNA and adds new RNA nucleotides to the DNA template.

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• What is RNA polymerase?

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• This is what RNA polymerase needs to bind to in order to start the mRNA synthesis.

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• What is a promoter?

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• This is a 3 letter sequence found on mRNA.

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• What is a codon?

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• During translation, the tRNA molecules transfer these to the ribosomes.

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• What are amino acids?

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• This is where transcription takes place and the mRNA needs to do this in order to move to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

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• What is in the nucleus and add a poly A tail and 5’ cap?

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Question for RNA vs. DNA - $100

• These are the sugars found in DNA and RNA.

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• What are deoxyribose (DNA) and ribose (RNA)?

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• This is the nitrogenous base found in RNA that replaces thymine.

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• What is uracil?

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• These are the 3 types of RNA found in our cells.

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• What are mRNA, rRNA and tRNA?

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Question for RNA vs. DNA - $400

• This is how many strands the RNA molecule has.

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• What is 1 (single stranded)?

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• This is the correct DNA sequence that is complimentary to this RNA = CUAAUGU?

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• What is GATTACA?

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• What are the three types of RNA and what is their function?

– mRNA (messenger RNA): makes a copy of the template of DNA and the is recipe for a protein

– tRNA (transfer RNA): transfers amino acids to the ribosome– rRNA (ribosomal RNA): factory of protein synthesis, make up a

ribosome

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