DNA REVIEW

Question 1: DNA --> RNA is called...

A.ReplicationB.TranscriptionC.TranslationD.Protein synthesisB. Transcription

What is the building block of protein?Amino Acids

What happens in the S (synthesis phase)?DNA duplicates

What is the DNA complementary base pairs?A-TC-G

Tell 2 ways DNA is different from RNA

DNA RNA1.Double stranded 1. Single stranded2.Deoxyribose sugar 2. Ribose sugar3.A,T,C,G 3. A,U,C,G4.No Uracil 4. No thymineContains genetic code 5. Carries genetic codeStays in the nucleus from the nucleus to the ribosome 6. Helps with protein synthesis

What is the purpose of tRNA?

A. it unzips the double helix so mRNA can transcribe it

B. it retrieves amino acids from the cytoplasm to make protein.

C. it carries genetic information to the ribosomes.

D. it produces a complementary copy of a strand of DNA.B.

Transcribe this DNA codon strandAGC

Translate the mRNA codon.SerineAGC

What is the purpose of mRNA?

A. it unzips the double helix so transcription can begin.

B. it retrieves amino acids from the cytoplasm to make protein.

C. it carries genetic information to the ribosomes.

D. it produces a complementary copy of a strand of DNA.C.

What ratio are Humans A-T and C-G?1:1 2:1 1:2 or 4:4

1:1

During DNA replication, which of thefollowing segments would be complementaryto the original DNA segment of CCTAAT?

A. CGATTA C. GGATTAB. GGUTTU D. GGAUUAC. GGATTA

Name this kind of mutationDeletion b. Inversionc. Translocation d. Duplicationb. Inversion

REVIEW: Is this Primary or Secondary Succession? Primary Succession

A? D? C? E? B?Amino acidtRNAmRNAcodonanticodonA B C D E

Sugar used to make DNA

DeoxyriboseOrganism whose cells have a nucleusEukaryotes: which are animal and plant cells

When DNA undergoes Replication what happens?Results in 2 identical copies: one original strand and one new strand

RNA--> protein is called..A.ReplicationB.TranscriptionC.TranslationD.Protein synthesisC. Translation

Organic compounds have what element?CARBON

DNA that is condensed in the nucleus of dividing cells so it can be transported easily is called _______________

Chromosomes

A________

B________

C________

NucleusmRNARibosome

D________

E________

F________

G_______tRNAanticodoncodonAmino acid

Replication? Transcription? Or translation?Translation

An organism that has one or more genes from another organism?Transgenic organismA ___________Arabidopsis seedling expressing GFP (green fluorescence). Sentinel plants will turn green when they detect chemical or biological agents that can be used in biological warfare.

Transgenic

What type of RNA is responsible for bringingamino acids to the ribosome for proteinsynthesis?

A. messenger RNA B. transfer RNAC. ribosomal RNAD. mitochondrial RNAB. transfer RNA (tRNA)

Transcription takes place in thenucleus

When a strand of DNA from another organism is inserted into a plasmid (bacterial DNA) it is called_____Recombinant DNA

What is a plasmid?Bacteria chromosome

Why are bacteria used in genetic engineering?They reproduce quicklyThey are cheap to use

REVIEW: What type of behavior is this:Habituation

Name this kind of mutationDeletion b. Inversionc. Translocation d. Duplication

d. Duplication

3 sequential nucleotides in anmRNA molecule that code for a specific amino acid

codonOrganism without a nucleusProkaryote like bacteria:unicellular

Proteins are synthesized at the...MitocondrianucleusribosomechloroplastRibosome

Name the two scientists that received the Nobel prize for figuring out the structure of DNA

Watson and Crick

DNA Fingerprinting: who committed the crime?Crime SceneSuspect 1Suspect 2Suspect 2

Transcription?Translation?Replication?orprotein synthesis?Transcription

How is the DNA in PROKARYOTES different from DNA in EUKARYOTES?

ProkaryotesEukaryotesSingle chromosome 1. Many chromosomes inCircular loop called the nucleus a plasmid. 2. Plant and Animal3. In the cytoplasm cells (no nucleus)

DNA has a codon of CCT what is the mRNA?GGA

DNA codon is ATA what is the corresponding mRNA and its amino acid?

mRNA is UAUAmino acid is Tyrosine

Group of 3 nucleotide bases on a t-RNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon

anticodon

What are the 2 steps needed to make proteins?Protein synthesis, all controlled by the genes Transcription + Translation = Protein Synthesis

Where in the cell is protein made?RibosomesRibosomes letter f below

What 2 places in the cell can ribosomes be found?Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and free in the cytoplasm

After translation and the amino acids make the protein where does it go next?

Rough E.R. transports it to the Golgi Body which packages it (like post office)

If a portion of a DNA strand has the basesequence AGGTTC, what will be the basesequence of the mRNA strand transcribed?

A. TCCAAG C. AUGCGU

B. UCCAAG D. ATGCGTB. UCCAAG

___________is the replacement of a defective or missing gene, or the addition of a new gene, into a persons genome to treat a disease.Gene Therapy

Name this kind of mutationDeletion b. Inversionc. Translocation d. Duplication

c. Translocation

REVIEW:What is the purpose of lichens and mosses?To create soil

Macromolecule made by joining amino acid subunits together

Protein

Name this subunit used to build nucleic acids like DNA & RNA

Nucleotide

Which molecules make up the backbone (sides of ladder)in a DNA molecule?

Sugar and Phosphates

What is an example of a point mutation?Sickle cell Anemia

_________ are changes in the genetic material.

An agent that can cause a change in DNA is called a _____________ Mutations Mutagen

What are some types of mutagens:X-RaysNicotine in cigarettesUV radiationChemicals in the environment

Name one of the two goals of the Human Genome Project1. To map and sequence all the DNA base pairs.2. To identify all the genes in the sequence.

Mutations that produce changes in a single gene = ______________________

Mutations that produce changes in whole chromosomes = _____________________

Gene mutations Chromosomal mutations

Name this kind of mutation

Deletion b. Inversionc. Translocation d. Duplication a. Deletion

Which type is not a mutation:A. translocationB. deletionC. point mutationD. triplication mutation D.

Name this kind of mutationDeletion b. Inversionc. Translocation d. Duplication b. Inversion

REVIEW:Which of the following statements concerning physical and biological systems is correct?A. Energy flows in many directions.B.Matter flows and Energy recycles.C.Matter recycles and Energy flows through it in one direction.D. Energy and Matter is LostC

Translation takes place ON the Ribosomes

Which molecules make up the rungs (steps of ladder)in a DNA molecule?Nitrogen bases

REVIEW:When the plant cell divides in mitosis what is formed?Cell Plate

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