Distribution Planning (180A) - Amazon S3 · Distribution Planning, Design, and Analysis. P180A Brief Overview. Overview: Modern tools for planning and design of distribution systems

© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

EPRI Power Delivery and Utilization Advisory Meeting

September 21, 2016

Distribution Planning (180A)

Jeff Smith, [email protected] Taylor, [email protected]

Roger Dugan, [email protected] Bello, [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

2© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Power System Studies Team – Modeling and SimulationWe’ve grown in the past year

Jeff [email protected]

Matt Rylander, [email protected]

Roger [email protected]

Wes [email protected]

Huijuan Li, [email protected]

Alison O’Connell, [email protected]

Jouni Peppanen, [email protected]

Davis Montenegro-Martinez, [email protected]

Mobolaji [email protected]

Jason Taylor, [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


Overview

Distribution Planning (180A) Overview2016 Project Deliverables

– Status updates– Key findingsOutlook into 2017 (P200)


R&D/ALL

Planners

Asset Managers

Operations

All

PS180 A Planning

PS180 C Cable Systems Management

PS180 B Asset Inspection, Maintenance, Planning

PS180 D Reliability Management

PS180 E Risk Mitigation Strategies

PS180 G Technologies Evaluation & Assessment

PS180 I Distribution Systems Practices

PS180 J Technology Transfer

PS180 F Operations

PS180 H Technology Development

Distribution Systems Research Program (P180) 2016 Project Sets


Distribution Systems Research Program (P180)2016 Projects

Project Set Project Description Audience

PS180A - Planning180.001 Tools, Methods, & Modeling for Dynamic Dx Systems

Planners180.002 Protecting the Modern Distribution Grid

PS180B - Asset Inspect, Maint & Planning180.003 Component Reliability

Asset Managers

180.004 Inspection, Diagnostics & Life Extension

PS180C - Cable Systems Management180.005 Methods for Cable Fleet Management

180.006 Advanced Cable Diagnostics

PS180D - Reliability Management180.007 OMS/DMS Data for Reliability/Resiliency

Operations

180.008 Reliability and Resiliency Practices

PS180E - Risk Mitigation Strategies

180.009 High-Impedance Fault Detection

180.010 Trends and Developments in Risk Management

180.011 Lockout-Tagout and Switching in UDS

PS180F - Operations

180.012 Distribution Management System Guides

180.013 Operational Studies and Research

180.014 Smart Distribution Applications for DER

PS180G – Tech Evaluation & Assessment180.015 Sensors

R&D/All180.016 Switching Devices

PS180H - Technology Development180.022 Innovative Distribution Sensors

180.023 Power Supplies

PS180I - Practices180.019 Underground Practices

All180.020 Overhead Practices

PS180J - Tech Transfer & Industry Coord 180.021 Tech Transfer and Industry Coordination


Distribution Planning, Design, and AnalysisP180A Brief OverviewOverview: Modern tools for planning and design of

distribution systems New analysis and protection methods New analysis and modeling approaches Incorporation of DER and DMS/DA into the

planning process

Substation

feeder voltage heatmap

Specific Issues: Distributed energy

resources Distribution automation Protection

Target Audience: Distribution Planners Protection Engineers

feeder voltage profile


Distribution Planners and Protection Engineers

2016 Projects1. DER modeling guide for grid impact

assessment

2. Incorporating DMS/DA into planning tools

3. Fault current contribution/TOV modeling for DER impact assessments

4. Distribution guidebook Grid Modernization

Safety

Reliability

Knowledge & Practices

Asset Management

Capacity and Efficiency

DistributionSystemFutureStateTools and Methods


Tools, Methods, & Modeling for Dynamic Distribution Systems (P180.001)• Deliverables

Technical Update Reports:

1. Incorporating DMS/DA into Planning Tools

2. Modeling and Analysis Methods for DER

3. Distribution Planning Guidebook

• Completion Date

December 2016

• Project Life

Report Report Report

2016 Project Tasks

CompletedIn ProcessUpcoming

Project Plans & Scope

DMS/DA Model Implementation and

Evaluation

Planning Guidebook

Webcast/Report(s)

DER Assessment Method Evaluation

2015 2016 2017


• Deliverables

Technical Update Reports:

1. Modeling of PV Inverters for Protection Studies

• Completion Date

December 2016

• Project Life

Report Report Report

Protecting the Modern Distribution Grid(P180.002)

2016 Project Tasks

Completed

In Process

Project Plans & Scope

Lab Testing

Modeling

Tech update

Analysis

2015 2016 2017




assessment




Safety

Reliability


Asset Management




DER Modeling Guide for Grid Impact Assessment

Issue Most DER connects to grid secondary Most distribution models not sufficient

for impact assessments Planning tools don’t consider combined

impact of multiple DER technologies

Objective Provide guidance regarding the

distribution modeling and analysis methods for DER

Part 1 of a 2 part Series– Grid Modeling (2015)– DER Modeling (2016)

ValueBetter understanding and quantification of DER integration and grid impacts

traditional loadEVsolar/windstorage

Medium voltagedistribution

Secondary voltage(480/120V)

Tran

smis

sion

Pow

er

time

Refining “how” we model distribution to better quantify time and locational

impacts of resources


2016 Technical Deliverable Recommended approaches for modeling DER using today’s data and tools Best practices Examples and insights Application guidance Data needs

Looking ahead: recommended approaches for modeling DER using tomorrow’s data and tools

Leveraging methods/approaches developed and applied in other research

areas (PEV, PV, ES, etc.)

A Need for Change

The industry as a whole is devoting a great deal of effort integrating new customer technologies into the distribution system.

Little effort has focused on howto better model the distribution system in order to efficiently, effectively, and reliably integrate DER and other new technologies into the grid.


Recommended Approaches Using Today’s Tools

Using the right tool for job• Recommendations and guidance

• Requirements & best practices

• Application considerations

• Examples and takeaways

• Voltage• Capacity• Energy/Losses• Reliability• Protection

Study Objectives

• Instantaneous Load Flow• Quasi-static Time Series

(QSTS)• Electromagnetic Transient• Reliability• Fault Contribution• Secondary Design

Assessment Tools

• Renewable Energy Sources• Energy Storage• Distributed Generation• Demand Response

DER Characteristics


Instantaneous Load FlowApplications Bounding or screening Locational sensitivity

Data requirements Nameplate rating Coincidence Location

Considerations Can be conservative Controls may not be sufficiently

represented Does not include time-dependent

response


PV Hosting Capacity Example

*Hosting Capacity

lower

higher


Quasi-Static Load FlowApplications Voltage regulation Thermal considerations Energy and losses Control setting/design

Data requirements Resource profiles Controls Location

Considerations Profile construction DER control Sequential steady-state results

1.025

1.03

1.035

1.04

1.045

04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20

volta

ge (p

u)

Hour

Daily Voltage Profile(Average Three Phase)

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 4 8 12 16 20

Tap

Ope

ratio

n Di

ffer

entia

l

Hour

Phase A

Phase B

Phase C


DER Profiles

Recommendations on: Time duration of study

– 24 Hour peak or off-peak day– 8760

Behavioral characteristics– Variability– Seasonality– Controls

Time increment Data requirements and

common issues

DER ModelTime Power


Behavioral Models

Guidance: Available models Application Data needs Limitations & gaps

DER ModelInputs Power

Fleet of Distributed Energy Storage Elements


Example: Smart Inverters

Solar Rooftop PV

With volt/var control

Baseline – No PV

20% PV20% PV withvolt/var control

Customer Load Customer PV

VARs

Gen

erat

ed Capacitive

Inductive

System Voltage

V1 V2 V3V4

Q1

Q4

Q3Q2

Volt-Var Control


Tomorrow’s Needs Model Improvements Data requirements and

collection Model advancements

– Regional specific models– New resource types – New controls

Validation

Probabilistic Models Adoption level Location Profiles Behavioral characteristics At all levels of the system

(primary and secondary)

P

µP

costant standard deviation σP

hours0 24

Wind generation

P

hours0 24

variablemean power output µP

andstandard deviation σP

Photovoltaic generationP

µP

σP = 0

hours0 24

Biomass generation

0 2412

: uncertainty band

LoadP

hours




assessment




Safety

Reliability


Asset Management




DA/DMS Modeling for PlanningIssue:Lack of planning tools capable of evaluation and design of advanced distribution automation and controls

Objectives: Development and demonstration

advanced planning capabilities Drive vendor capabilities Development of standardized

controls User-written models

Enhance planning practices and guidance for DA/DMS

Primary Substation

Secondary Substation

Tie Breaker

CB

SSSS CB CB SS SS

CB: Circuit BreakerSS: Sectionalizing Switch

CB

Normally closed

Normally open

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

SCADA

DMS

IED: Intelligent Electronic DeviceDMS: Distribution Management SystemEMS: microgrid Energy Management SystemSCADA: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

MV Intentional Island

DG

DG

DG

DESDES

DES

Communication link

EMS

LV Microgrid MicrogridCommunication link

Developing a Multi-functional Testbed for Holistic System and Control Design and Evaluation


Advanced System Planning Tool Development

Applied Assessments Volt-var Optimization

FLISR

Tool Enhancements

Developing visualization advancements

Investigation computational improvements

Integration &

Delivery

Implementation &

Testing

Analysis &

RequirementsPrototypePlatform

Use Case Evaluations

Analysis Tools Planning Practices

Simulation and Model

Development

System Control Interface (SCI) Platform

Demonstrate and guide development of industry tools for holistic system planning


Advancing Distribution Analytics through Visualization

Why graphical? Easier to comprehend

results and scenarios

Better understanding of system wide behaviors

Increased planning engineer efficiencies

Easier to assess advance functionalities

Easier to diversify the research/testing scenarios and their complexity

Better visualization techniques and tools to address increasing

levels of complexities and support new objectives


Computational Improvements

Extend interoperability capabilities

Implementing parallel processing capabilities in OpenDSS

R&D platform to evaluate appropriate modeling requirements

Advance, evaluate, and demonstrate techniques to

improve computational efficiency




assessment




Safety

Reliability


Asset Management




Protecting the Modern GridObjective Develop a simplified model that is

sufficient for determining for planning and protection designs with PV

Scope Test inverters and develop a

computer model suitable for planning in OpenDSS

Collaboration Testing, modeling, and validation

with Distributed Renewables (174) and Bulk Renewables (173)

Status: Completed in Q3, Tech. note for VCCS model available

Tom McDermott, Laura WiesermanImproved PV inverter modeling is needed to better assess protection settings during faults


Tested additional islanding scenarios, e.g. fault current contribution, islanding, open conductor, etc.

Tested additional inverter models to establish a representative sample

Developed inverter models with verified data.

New inverter libraries available in OpenDSS.

2016 Effort 2014 Tech update

2015 Technical Update

Incorporate test results into the model to predict system response.

Lab Testing

Develop OpenDSS Model

Finalize lab testing

2016 Technical Update

Incorporate Txmodeling efforts*

In collaboration with P173 (Bulk Renewables)


Inverter TestingModel Phases kW

Enphase M215 (18) 3 (208 V) 4.05

Eaton PV 250 3 (208 V) 5.0

Schneider Conext TX 2800 NA 1 (240 V) 2.8

Power One UNO-2.0.1-OUTD-S-US 1 (240 V) 2.0

Fronius IG2500-LV NEG 1 (208 V) 2.0

Solectria PVI-3000 1 (240 V) 3.0

SMA SB-3000TL-US-22 1 (240 V) 3.0

3-Phase Fronius Inverter from EPRI 3(208 V) ≤10KW


Testing and modeling results (Fault at Inverter terminals)

Eight inverters tested are clustered into categories of behavior

Fronius Three-Phase


Testing and modeling results (Fault on Transmission)Fault Ride-Through

Remaining energized

Inverters have different fault responses during voltage sags as well


The Hammerstein-Wiener framework

Step Response of Linear Block

Piecewise Linear Function representing output nonlinearity

Piecewise Linear function representing

input nonlinearity

Piecewise Linear function representing

input nonlinearity

separates linear dynamics and non-linearities in the inverter model.

X Y X Y

Table for Piecewise Linear Expressions

Table for Piecewise Linear Expressions

W(t) x(t) y(t)u(t)

Z-1

transfer function expression


• HW: models a SISO system by breaking it into in/output nonlinearity, via linear “Z-1”

• MATLAB Toolbox comes with HW functions, with limited scale.

• Used PV inv transient data (lab) to ID HW transient models, then feed to OpenDSS.

• 5/10 kHz filter freq = sampling rate of power quality monitor used to collect lab data.

• Transient testing, non-linear dynamic modeling approach

Hammerstein-Wiener model in Discrete Time Domain

o Inject a u(t) waveform, into the input nonlinearity, BP1.

o Running inside OpenDSS, u(t) is generated from the most recent

phasor voltage solution.

o Pre-event inverter power output is a fixed input parameter (not shown)

Filter order ranges from 4 up to the MATLAB limit of 52

o BP2 output, y(t), is a current waveform injected by the inverter

into the grid.

o I (RMS) calculated as shown, (assume pf=1), and inject that

current into OpenDSS as a voltage-controlled current source (VCCS).


In OpenDSS Available as a new element (v7.6.5_18)

OpenDSS runs at a 1-ms step to 10-ms

for a phasor-dynamic solution.

Can also run in snapshot mode

In the plotted currents,

– RED trace* = what OpenDSS will inject into the

feeder (current envelope).

– BLACK trace = internal HW current waveform.

– BLUE trace = a peak detector for output only.

*Unstable current waveform due to bad data

Build 7.6.5_18


Outcomes……

.

Value:

• Improved modeling of PVinverters during faultconditions allows utilities tobetter quantify impacts toexisting protection

• Improved identification ofchanges to protection settingscan be made

• Software vendors can nowadopt these models for theirplatforms (CYME, Synergi,etc)




assessment




Safety

Reliability


Asset Management




Planning Book Chapters for 2015

1. Planning with Harmonics w/ P1

2. Distribution Planning with DG w/ P174

3. Modeling of energy storage(Integrated grid/microgrids)

4. Optimal Recloser siting

Publication #: 3002006114


Planning Book Chapters for 2016

1. Distribution System Analysis Basics2. Distribution Power Flow Methods3. Models of Circuit Elements (Lines,

Transformers, Loads, etc)4. Dynamics Simulation for Distribution

… Here are some excerpts to give you an idea of the material covered ….


Distribution System Analysis Basics


Typical North American Distribution System

Typical 4-wire multi-grounded neutral system

Unigrounded/Delta 3-wire also common on West Coast


Typical European Style System

– 3-wire unigrounded primary

Three-phase throughout,including secondary (LV)


Urban Low-Voltage Network Systems

138 kV Transmission Supply

26.4 kV Distribution

LOAD

LOW-VOLTAGE GRID NETWORK(MESHED)

FEEDERS


Why are most distribution systems radial?


Interconnecting DG 44

Utility Fault-Clearing Practices•This explains why most systems are radial Important to understand this for DER

application on the “Integrated Grid”– Lower-cost protection for the inevitable short

circuit

This is where many of the operating conflicts arise !!

DER response during faults can– Affect utility practices, fault clearing– Be damaged by fault clearing practices


45

The Fuse Characteristic Dictates Utility Fault Protection Practices On Distribution

Time

5 50 500 5000 50000

CURRENT

0.010

0.10

1

10

100

1000


What Drives the Planning Decision?


On Losses … It is very popular among researchers to develop

“optimization” methods that minimize losses Certainly the losses increase by the square of the

current, so they can rise considerably at peak load. But is this enough to justify new investment?

– Generally not.

What drives the desire for new investment is the need to serve the load (or DER). – i.e., the reliability of the system. Shunt capacitors at $10-30/kvar can be justified

– For most other things it is more economic to do nothing!


Unserved Energy (UE) & EEN For Cost-Minimization Planning Method

Normal

Emergency or MaximumUE

EEN

EEN = Energy Exceeding Normal


49

EEN Characteristic for Sharp Summer Peak Overload Problem

The shape of the Peak clearly indicates the Extent

of the problem.

This visual suggests the possible solutions.


Power Flow Calculations


Power Flow Methods …Most power flow methods were developed for power

flow calculations for Transmission (HV) systems.– Generally for positive-sequence models only– Adequate for capacity planning of 3-phase systems

DG and other issues demand more detailed model Formulation influenced heavily by P-V generation bus

– Not needed in most distribution analysis

They are not necessarily the best methods to use for Distribution (MV and LV) systems– Other numerical methods that are more appropriate, – Better ways to write the equations describing the system.


The Unbalanced Distribution System

This takes more than a positive-sequence model !!


Radial Circuit Power Flow Calculations

SubstationTransformer

Swing Bus

|V|,θ

Load BusP + jQ

Load BusConstant Z

Load BusP, Constant X


Forward-Backward Sweep Process …

FORWARDSWEEP

BACKWARDSWEEP

Z

COMPUTEVOLTAGE

DROPS

ACCUMULATECURRENTS


Per Units or Actual values?

The Per-Unit system was developed to avoid explicit modeling of transformer winding ratios and different voltage levels to simplify hand calculations …

Per unit system not necessarily needed– The EPRI OpenDSS program doesn’t use it– To computers, numbers are numbers Modern solvers can do their own normalization

Some distribution problems can’t easily be solved in per unit system – easier in actual ohms


Example: Residential Service Transformer

Load A

Load B7.2kV

120V

120V

Load A ≠ Load B

+

+-

-

What’s the voltage base for the LV side that would allow removing the explicit transformer?


The OpenDSS Network Model

Injection (Compensation) Currents from Loads, Generators, etc.(Power Conversion Elements)

VSOURCE

(Norton Equiv.)

Linear Part of Loads Included in YSYSTEM

YSYSTEM


OpenDSS Solution Method – More General than FB Sweep

Yprim 1 Yprim 2 Yprim 3 Yprim n

Y=IinjI2

Im

I1

ALL Elements

PC ElementsComp. Currents

V NodeVoltages

Iteration Loop


Annual Losses – I2R compared to No-Load

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

Annual losses

"Load Losses kWh" "No Load Losses kWh"


Modeling Transformers


A Dynamics Example (Black start of a Microgrid)

Model may require more than 30 parameters.


OpenDSS PVSystem Model

Panel kW = Pmpp (in kW @1kW/m2 and 25 C) * Irradiance (in kW/m2) * P-TFactor (@actual T)

Output kW= Panel kW * Inverter Efficiency Factor


OpenDSS - A P180 Success StoryDownloads Continue to Accelerate

Estimate: ~ 2000 active users World-Wide at any time

More and more profs assigning projects each year


InnovationsDG Modeling

Time-Series Power Flow

Multi-phase Modeling

Smart Grid Modeling

Transformer Model

Inverter Modeling for Planning

Storage Model for Planning

Optimal Recloser Siting

Stray Voltage/Current Analysis

EMI Harmonics Propagation

Free tool for Graduate Students

Fast Yearly Simulation

Co-simulation of Power and Comm.

Hosting Capacity Development

OpenDSSEPRI Utility Members180, 174, 1, 161, 94

Research Funding,

Workshops

Research Results, Direct

Usage

UniversitiesStudents

Workshops Tech PublicationsEPRI, IEEE, Cigre,

CIRED, Trade Journals

Research Results, Joint Utility-University

ProjectsBetter-Trained

WorkforceIndustry Studies

$, Model Development

Academic Usage

DOE, Nat’l Labs

$, New Methods

Lab Usage

DSA Software Suppliers

Tech Transfer,Methods and

Models

Improved Tools

And Services

Usage by Consultants

Research Results,

New Technologies

Improved Customer Relations


Distribution Planning and Operations -2017

Brief Intro to New Program 200


Distribution Systems (P180)

PS180A - Planning

PS180B - Asset Inspection, Maint, and Planning

PS180C - Cable Systems Management

PS180D - Reliability Management


PS180F - Operations

PS180G - Technologies Eval. & Assessment

PS180H - Technology Development

PS180I - Distribution Systems Practices

PS180J - Tech Transfer & Industry Coordination

2016Distribution Operations & Planning (P200)

PS200A – Planning

PS200B – Operations

PS200C - Tech Transfer & Industry Coordination

2017 New Program

Integration of DER (P174)

PS174A - Modeling & Simulation

PS174B - Grid Support Functions & Connectivity

PS174D - Utility Economics & Practices

PS174E - Tech Transfer & Industry Coordination

Distribution Systems (P180)

PS180B - Asset Inspection, Maint, and Planning

PS180D - Reliability and Resiliency Management


PS180G - Technologies Assessment & Develop.

PS180I - Distribution Systems Practices

PS180J - Tech Transfer & Industry Coordination

Integration of DER (P174)

PS174A - Advanced Modeling & Simulation

PS174B - Enabling/Assessing Grid Supportive DER

PS174D - Utility Economics & Practices

PS174E - Tech Transfer & Industry Coordination

Distribution Area – Program Structure for 2017


P200: An Interface Hub for Distribution Systems, Technology, and Architecture

Distribution Planning

and Operations

(P200)

Transmission Operations

and Planning

Distribution Infrastructure

ICT, Cyber Security

Energy Utilization

DER Integration

Architecture and Commsintegration

Grid Integration & Economics

Storage, efficiency, demand response, and

power quality

T&D Integrated O&P

Reliability, Resiliency, Practices, Safety, Risk


Planning• Load/DER forecasting• Load modeling and allocation methods• Eval voltage thresholds for planning and ops

Protection• Best practices for improving resiliency• Existing and future solutions for anti-islanding• Adaptive protection

Operations• Operational Studies• Guidebook for DMS Applications• Incorporating DER into control algorithms

Tech Transfer• Distribution Operations Interest Group• Planning Immersions• Planning Guidebook

Distribution Planning and Operations (P200)A few of the proposed projects for 2017


Logistics

Officially launching January 2017 “Starter” meeting held today

– Time: Wednesday, 1-3PM– Location: Diplomat 1+2– Who: Open to all

Distribution Planning (180A)Power System Studies Team – Modeling and Simulation�We’ve grown in the past yearOverviewSlide Number 4Distribution Systems Research Program (P180)� 2016 Projects�Distribution Planning, Design, and Analysis�P180A Brief Overview2016 ProjectsTools, Methods, & Modeling for Dynamic Distribution Systems (P180.001)Protecting the Modern Distribution Grid�(P180.002)2016 ProjectsDER Modeling Guide for Grid Impact Assessment2016 Technical Deliverable Recommended Approaches Using Today’s ToolsInstantaneous Load FlowPV Hosting Capacity ExampleQuasi-Static Load FlowDER ProfilesBehavioral ModelsExample: Smart InvertersTomorrow’s Needs 2016 ProjectsDA/DMS Modeling for PlanningAdvanced System Planning Tool DevelopmentAdvancing Distribution Analytics through VisualizationComputational Improvements2016 ProjectsProtecting the Modern Grid2016 EffortInverter TestingTesting and modeling results (Fault at Inverter terminals) Testing and modeling results (Fault on Transmission)�Fault Ride-ThroughThe Hammerstein-Wiener frameworkHammerstein-Wiener model in Discrete Time DomainIn OpenDSSOutcomes……2016 ProjectsPlanning Book Chapters for 2015Planning Book Chapters for 2016Distribution System Analysis BasicsTypical North American Distribution SystemTypical European Style SystemUrban �Low-Voltage Network SystemsWhy are most distribution systems radial?Utility Fault-Clearing PracticesThe Fuse Characteristic Dictates Utility Fault Protection Practices On Distribution�What Drives the Planning Decision?On Losses …Unserved Energy (UE) & EEN For Cost-Minimization Planning MethodEEN Characteristic for Sharp Summer Peak Overload ProblemPower Flow CalculationsPower Flow Methods …The Unbalanced Distribution SystemRadial Circuit Power Flow CalculationsForward-Backward Sweep Process …Per Units or Actual values?Example: Residential Service TransformerThe OpenDSS Network ModelOpenDSS Solution Method – More General than FB SweepAnnual Losses – I2R compared to No-LoadModeling TransformersA Dynamics Example �(Black start of a Microgrid)OpenDSS PVSystem ModelOpenDSS - A P180 Success StorySlide Number 64Distribution Planning and Operations - 2017Distribution Area – Program Structure for 2017P200: An Interface Hub for Distribution Systems, Technology, and Architecture Distribution Planning and Operations (P200)�Logistics

Documents

Distribution Planning (180A) - Amazon S3 · Distribution Planning, Design, and Analysis. P180A Brief Overview. Overview: Modern tools for planning and design of distribution systems