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Disease Resistant Shrimps Merging the Old with the Latest
M Salazar J Cock E Erazo A Suarez R Bangera O Hennig M Rye
Genetica Spring Colombia
Akvaforsk Genetic Center Norway
HOST DEFENSE
Resistance
Ability to limit pathogen load
Tolerance
Ability to ldquodeal withrdquo a given pathogen load
A = Diference in resistance B = Diference in tolerance C= Resistance and tolerance D= No diferences in resistance nor tolerance
Science 2007 318 pag 812
5
22112018 6
Resistance Tolerance
EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS
Resistance = negative effect on pathogen prevalence
Tolerance = neutral or positive
Host resistance selects for parasite adaptation which then selects for host resistance
= Evolutionary dynamics
A high rate of infection but low virulence should select for host tolerance whereas the opposite should favour resistance (Restif amp Koella 2004)
Tolerance is more likely to go to fixation than resistance (Roy amp Kirchner 2000) Resistance mechanisms work by eliminating parasites thus reducing the very selection pressures that favoured them in the first place
Susceptible Latent Acute
Dead
Chronic Ro
R0 EXAMPLES
Pathogen R0
Smallpox 3 wwwpnasorg1113088 cgi1113088 doi1113088 1010731113088pnas162282799
HIV 214-689 httpsdoiorg101371journalpone0083778
ZIKA 38 Epidemics 2016 Dec1750-55 doi 101016jepidem201610
TSV 92 Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 83 (2003) 168ndash176
WSSV 60 Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 83 (2003) 168ndash176
WHAT IF NOT ALL ANIMALS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE
Herd immunity
R0=2 HIT 50 R0=4 HIT 75 R0=10 HIT 90
R0 AND ENVIROMENT
13
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Injected Heated Injected Ambiente Per Os Heated
Per Os Ambient Control Saline Heated Inoculum
cc
PATHOGEN TEMPERATURE SALINITY OXIGEN
WSSV Inverse correlation ND Inverse correlation
IMNV Direct Correlation Inverse correlation
AHPND Direct correlation Inverse correlation
22112018 14
BREEDING FOR DISEASE RT
REAL BENEFIT OF SELECTION
Genetic variation in resistance
Standardized methods for
selection of RT
Correlation with other traits
Pathogen response
Broodstock
Family prod amp
larviculture
Genetic
Evaluations
(M)E
BV
BREEDING NUCLEUS
Tagging
Breeding
candidate
testing
Weight
Performance
genomic data
Testing units Sib Testing
Challenge tests ( n diseases)
Disturbance traits (eg carcass quality)
Field performance ( n environments)
INDUSTRY STANDARD FAMILY BASED (SIB) SELECTION
16
Mass selection
Immune priming effect
Genomic selection
Up to 100
Family selection
50 of the genetic gain
WHAT ABOUT BIOSECURITY
Family - Genomic
Mass
MASS SELECTION
REPRODUCE SURVIVORS
REPRODUCE UNINFECTED SIBLINGS
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
HOST DEFENSE
Resistance
Ability to limit pathogen load
Tolerance
Ability to ldquodeal withrdquo a given pathogen load
A = Diference in resistance B = Diference in tolerance C= Resistance and tolerance D= No diferences in resistance nor tolerance
Science 2007 318 pag 812
5
22112018 6
Resistance Tolerance
EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS
Resistance = negative effect on pathogen prevalence
Tolerance = neutral or positive
Host resistance selects for parasite adaptation which then selects for host resistance
= Evolutionary dynamics
A high rate of infection but low virulence should select for host tolerance whereas the opposite should favour resistance (Restif amp Koella 2004)
Tolerance is more likely to go to fixation than resistance (Roy amp Kirchner 2000) Resistance mechanisms work by eliminating parasites thus reducing the very selection pressures that favoured them in the first place
Susceptible Latent Acute
Dead
Chronic Ro
R0 EXAMPLES
Pathogen R0
Smallpox 3 wwwpnasorg1113088 cgi1113088 doi1113088 1010731113088pnas162282799
HIV 214-689 httpsdoiorg101371journalpone0083778
ZIKA 38 Epidemics 2016 Dec1750-55 doi 101016jepidem201610
TSV 92 Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 83 (2003) 168ndash176
WSSV 60 Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 83 (2003) 168ndash176
WHAT IF NOT ALL ANIMALS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE
Herd immunity
R0=2 HIT 50 R0=4 HIT 75 R0=10 HIT 90
R0 AND ENVIROMENT
13
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Injected Heated Injected Ambiente Per Os Heated
Per Os Ambient Control Saline Heated Inoculum
cc
PATHOGEN TEMPERATURE SALINITY OXIGEN
WSSV Inverse correlation ND Inverse correlation
IMNV Direct Correlation Inverse correlation
AHPND Direct correlation Inverse correlation
22112018 14
BREEDING FOR DISEASE RT
REAL BENEFIT OF SELECTION
Genetic variation in resistance
Standardized methods for
selection of RT
Correlation with other traits
Pathogen response
Broodstock
Family prod amp
larviculture
Genetic
Evaluations
(M)E
BV
BREEDING NUCLEUS
Tagging
Breeding
candidate
testing
Weight
Performance
genomic data
Testing units Sib Testing
Challenge tests ( n diseases)
Disturbance traits (eg carcass quality)
Field performance ( n environments)
INDUSTRY STANDARD FAMILY BASED (SIB) SELECTION
16
Mass selection
Immune priming effect
Genomic selection
Up to 100
Family selection
50 of the genetic gain
WHAT ABOUT BIOSECURITY
Family - Genomic
Mass
MASS SELECTION
REPRODUCE SURVIVORS
REPRODUCE UNINFECTED SIBLINGS
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
A = Diference in resistance B = Diference in tolerance C= Resistance and tolerance D= No diferences in resistance nor tolerance
Science 2007 318 pag 812
5
22112018 6
Resistance Tolerance
EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS
Resistance = negative effect on pathogen prevalence
Tolerance = neutral or positive
Host resistance selects for parasite adaptation which then selects for host resistance
= Evolutionary dynamics
A high rate of infection but low virulence should select for host tolerance whereas the opposite should favour resistance (Restif amp Koella 2004)
Tolerance is more likely to go to fixation than resistance (Roy amp Kirchner 2000) Resistance mechanisms work by eliminating parasites thus reducing the very selection pressures that favoured them in the first place
Susceptible Latent Acute
Dead
Chronic Ro
R0 EXAMPLES
Pathogen R0
Smallpox 3 wwwpnasorg1113088 cgi1113088 doi1113088 1010731113088pnas162282799
HIV 214-689 httpsdoiorg101371journalpone0083778
ZIKA 38 Epidemics 2016 Dec1750-55 doi 101016jepidem201610
TSV 92 Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 83 (2003) 168ndash176
WSSV 60 Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 83 (2003) 168ndash176
WHAT IF NOT ALL ANIMALS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE
Herd immunity
R0=2 HIT 50 R0=4 HIT 75 R0=10 HIT 90
R0 AND ENVIROMENT
13
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Injected Heated Injected Ambiente Per Os Heated
Per Os Ambient Control Saline Heated Inoculum
cc
PATHOGEN TEMPERATURE SALINITY OXIGEN
WSSV Inverse correlation ND Inverse correlation
IMNV Direct Correlation Inverse correlation
AHPND Direct correlation Inverse correlation
22112018 14
BREEDING FOR DISEASE RT
REAL BENEFIT OF SELECTION
Genetic variation in resistance
Standardized methods for
selection of RT
Correlation with other traits
Pathogen response
Broodstock
Family prod amp
larviculture
Genetic
Evaluations
(M)E
BV
BREEDING NUCLEUS
Tagging
Breeding
candidate
testing
Weight
Performance
genomic data
Testing units Sib Testing
Challenge tests ( n diseases)
Disturbance traits (eg carcass quality)
Field performance ( n environments)
INDUSTRY STANDARD FAMILY BASED (SIB) SELECTION
16
Mass selection
Immune priming effect
Genomic selection
Up to 100
Family selection
50 of the genetic gain
WHAT ABOUT BIOSECURITY
Family - Genomic
Mass
MASS SELECTION
REPRODUCE SURVIVORS
REPRODUCE UNINFECTED SIBLINGS
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
22112018 6
Resistance Tolerance
EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS
Resistance = negative effect on pathogen prevalence
Tolerance = neutral or positive
Host resistance selects for parasite adaptation which then selects for host resistance
= Evolutionary dynamics
A high rate of infection but low virulence should select for host tolerance whereas the opposite should favour resistance (Restif amp Koella 2004)
Tolerance is more likely to go to fixation than resistance (Roy amp Kirchner 2000) Resistance mechanisms work by eliminating parasites thus reducing the very selection pressures that favoured them in the first place
Susceptible Latent Acute
Dead
Chronic Ro
R0 EXAMPLES
Pathogen R0
Smallpox 3 wwwpnasorg1113088 cgi1113088 doi1113088 1010731113088pnas162282799
HIV 214-689 httpsdoiorg101371journalpone0083778
ZIKA 38 Epidemics 2016 Dec1750-55 doi 101016jepidem201610
TSV 92 Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 83 (2003) 168ndash176
WSSV 60 Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 83 (2003) 168ndash176
WHAT IF NOT ALL ANIMALS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE
Herd immunity
R0=2 HIT 50 R0=4 HIT 75 R0=10 HIT 90
R0 AND ENVIROMENT
13
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Injected Heated Injected Ambiente Per Os Heated
Per Os Ambient Control Saline Heated Inoculum
cc
PATHOGEN TEMPERATURE SALINITY OXIGEN
WSSV Inverse correlation ND Inverse correlation
IMNV Direct Correlation Inverse correlation
AHPND Direct correlation Inverse correlation
22112018 14
BREEDING FOR DISEASE RT
REAL BENEFIT OF SELECTION
Genetic variation in resistance
Standardized methods for
selection of RT
Correlation with other traits
Pathogen response
Broodstock
Family prod amp
larviculture
Genetic
Evaluations
(M)E
BV
BREEDING NUCLEUS
Tagging
Breeding
candidate
testing
Weight
Performance
genomic data
Testing units Sib Testing
Challenge tests ( n diseases)
Disturbance traits (eg carcass quality)
Field performance ( n environments)
INDUSTRY STANDARD FAMILY BASED (SIB) SELECTION
16
Mass selection
Immune priming effect
Genomic selection
Up to 100
Family selection
50 of the genetic gain
WHAT ABOUT BIOSECURITY
Family - Genomic
Mass
MASS SELECTION
REPRODUCE SURVIVORS
REPRODUCE UNINFECTED SIBLINGS
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS
Resistance = negative effect on pathogen prevalence
Tolerance = neutral or positive
Host resistance selects for parasite adaptation which then selects for host resistance
= Evolutionary dynamics
A high rate of infection but low virulence should select for host tolerance whereas the opposite should favour resistance (Restif amp Koella 2004)
Tolerance is more likely to go to fixation than resistance (Roy amp Kirchner 2000) Resistance mechanisms work by eliminating parasites thus reducing the very selection pressures that favoured them in the first place
Susceptible Latent Acute
Dead
Chronic Ro
R0 EXAMPLES
Pathogen R0
Smallpox 3 wwwpnasorg1113088 cgi1113088 doi1113088 1010731113088pnas162282799
HIV 214-689 httpsdoiorg101371journalpone0083778
ZIKA 38 Epidemics 2016 Dec1750-55 doi 101016jepidem201610
TSV 92 Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 83 (2003) 168ndash176
WSSV 60 Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 83 (2003) 168ndash176
WHAT IF NOT ALL ANIMALS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE
Herd immunity
R0=2 HIT 50 R0=4 HIT 75 R0=10 HIT 90
R0 AND ENVIROMENT
13
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Injected Heated Injected Ambiente Per Os Heated
Per Os Ambient Control Saline Heated Inoculum
cc
PATHOGEN TEMPERATURE SALINITY OXIGEN
WSSV Inverse correlation ND Inverse correlation
IMNV Direct Correlation Inverse correlation
AHPND Direct correlation Inverse correlation
22112018 14
BREEDING FOR DISEASE RT
REAL BENEFIT OF SELECTION
Genetic variation in resistance
Standardized methods for
selection of RT
Correlation with other traits
Pathogen response
Broodstock
Family prod amp
larviculture
Genetic
Evaluations
(M)E
BV
BREEDING NUCLEUS
Tagging
Breeding
candidate
testing
Weight
Performance
genomic data
Testing units Sib Testing
Challenge tests ( n diseases)
Disturbance traits (eg carcass quality)
Field performance ( n environments)
INDUSTRY STANDARD FAMILY BASED (SIB) SELECTION
16
Mass selection
Immune priming effect
Genomic selection
Up to 100
Family selection
50 of the genetic gain
WHAT ABOUT BIOSECURITY
Family - Genomic
Mass
MASS SELECTION
REPRODUCE SURVIVORS
REPRODUCE UNINFECTED SIBLINGS
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
Susceptible Latent Acute
Dead
Chronic Ro
R0 EXAMPLES
Pathogen R0
Smallpox 3 wwwpnasorg1113088 cgi1113088 doi1113088 1010731113088pnas162282799
HIV 214-689 httpsdoiorg101371journalpone0083778
ZIKA 38 Epidemics 2016 Dec1750-55 doi 101016jepidem201610
TSV 92 Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 83 (2003) 168ndash176
WSSV 60 Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 83 (2003) 168ndash176
WHAT IF NOT ALL ANIMALS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE
Herd immunity
R0=2 HIT 50 R0=4 HIT 75 R0=10 HIT 90
R0 AND ENVIROMENT
13
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Injected Heated Injected Ambiente Per Os Heated
Per Os Ambient Control Saline Heated Inoculum
cc
PATHOGEN TEMPERATURE SALINITY OXIGEN
WSSV Inverse correlation ND Inverse correlation
IMNV Direct Correlation Inverse correlation
AHPND Direct correlation Inverse correlation
22112018 14
BREEDING FOR DISEASE RT
REAL BENEFIT OF SELECTION
Genetic variation in resistance
Standardized methods for
selection of RT
Correlation with other traits
Pathogen response
Broodstock
Family prod amp
larviculture
Genetic
Evaluations
(M)E
BV
BREEDING NUCLEUS
Tagging
Breeding
candidate
testing
Weight
Performance
genomic data
Testing units Sib Testing
Challenge tests ( n diseases)
Disturbance traits (eg carcass quality)
Field performance ( n environments)
INDUSTRY STANDARD FAMILY BASED (SIB) SELECTION
16
Mass selection
Immune priming effect
Genomic selection
Up to 100
Family selection
50 of the genetic gain
WHAT ABOUT BIOSECURITY
Family - Genomic
Mass
MASS SELECTION
REPRODUCE SURVIVORS
REPRODUCE UNINFECTED SIBLINGS
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
R0 EXAMPLES
Pathogen R0
Smallpox 3 wwwpnasorg1113088 cgi1113088 doi1113088 1010731113088pnas162282799
HIV 214-689 httpsdoiorg101371journalpone0083778
ZIKA 38 Epidemics 2016 Dec1750-55 doi 101016jepidem201610
TSV 92 Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 83 (2003) 168ndash176
WSSV 60 Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 83 (2003) 168ndash176
WHAT IF NOT ALL ANIMALS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE
Herd immunity
R0=2 HIT 50 R0=4 HIT 75 R0=10 HIT 90
R0 AND ENVIROMENT
13
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Injected Heated Injected Ambiente Per Os Heated
Per Os Ambient Control Saline Heated Inoculum
cc
PATHOGEN TEMPERATURE SALINITY OXIGEN
WSSV Inverse correlation ND Inverse correlation
IMNV Direct Correlation Inverse correlation
AHPND Direct correlation Inverse correlation
22112018 14
BREEDING FOR DISEASE RT
REAL BENEFIT OF SELECTION
Genetic variation in resistance
Standardized methods for
selection of RT
Correlation with other traits
Pathogen response
Broodstock
Family prod amp
larviculture
Genetic
Evaluations
(M)E
BV
BREEDING NUCLEUS
Tagging
Breeding
candidate
testing
Weight
Performance
genomic data
Testing units Sib Testing
Challenge tests ( n diseases)
Disturbance traits (eg carcass quality)
Field performance ( n environments)
INDUSTRY STANDARD FAMILY BASED (SIB) SELECTION
16
Mass selection
Immune priming effect
Genomic selection
Up to 100
Family selection
50 of the genetic gain
WHAT ABOUT BIOSECURITY
Family - Genomic
Mass
MASS SELECTION
REPRODUCE SURVIVORS
REPRODUCE UNINFECTED SIBLINGS
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
WHAT IF NOT ALL ANIMALS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE
Herd immunity
R0=2 HIT 50 R0=4 HIT 75 R0=10 HIT 90
R0 AND ENVIROMENT
13
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Injected Heated Injected Ambiente Per Os Heated
Per Os Ambient Control Saline Heated Inoculum
cc
PATHOGEN TEMPERATURE SALINITY OXIGEN
WSSV Inverse correlation ND Inverse correlation
IMNV Direct Correlation Inverse correlation
AHPND Direct correlation Inverse correlation
22112018 14
BREEDING FOR DISEASE RT
REAL BENEFIT OF SELECTION
Genetic variation in resistance
Standardized methods for
selection of RT
Correlation with other traits
Pathogen response
Broodstock
Family prod amp
larviculture
Genetic
Evaluations
(M)E
BV
BREEDING NUCLEUS
Tagging
Breeding
candidate
testing
Weight
Performance
genomic data
Testing units Sib Testing
Challenge tests ( n diseases)
Disturbance traits (eg carcass quality)
Field performance ( n environments)
INDUSTRY STANDARD FAMILY BASED (SIB) SELECTION
16
Mass selection
Immune priming effect
Genomic selection
Up to 100
Family selection
50 of the genetic gain
WHAT ABOUT BIOSECURITY
Family - Genomic
Mass
MASS SELECTION
REPRODUCE SURVIVORS
REPRODUCE UNINFECTED SIBLINGS
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
R0 AND ENVIROMENT
13
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Injected Heated Injected Ambiente Per Os Heated
Per Os Ambient Control Saline Heated Inoculum
cc
PATHOGEN TEMPERATURE SALINITY OXIGEN
WSSV Inverse correlation ND Inverse correlation
IMNV Direct Correlation Inverse correlation
AHPND Direct correlation Inverse correlation
22112018 14
BREEDING FOR DISEASE RT
REAL BENEFIT OF SELECTION
Genetic variation in resistance
Standardized methods for
selection of RT
Correlation with other traits
Pathogen response
Broodstock
Family prod amp
larviculture
Genetic
Evaluations
(M)E
BV
BREEDING NUCLEUS
Tagging
Breeding
candidate
testing
Weight
Performance
genomic data
Testing units Sib Testing
Challenge tests ( n diseases)
Disturbance traits (eg carcass quality)
Field performance ( n environments)
INDUSTRY STANDARD FAMILY BASED (SIB) SELECTION
16
Mass selection
Immune priming effect
Genomic selection
Up to 100
Family selection
50 of the genetic gain
WHAT ABOUT BIOSECURITY
Family - Genomic
Mass
MASS SELECTION
REPRODUCE SURVIVORS
REPRODUCE UNINFECTED SIBLINGS
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
22112018 14
BREEDING FOR DISEASE RT
REAL BENEFIT OF SELECTION
Genetic variation in resistance
Standardized methods for
selection of RT
Correlation with other traits
Pathogen response
Broodstock
Family prod amp
larviculture
Genetic
Evaluations
(M)E
BV
BREEDING NUCLEUS
Tagging
Breeding
candidate
testing
Weight
Performance
genomic data
Testing units Sib Testing
Challenge tests ( n diseases)
Disturbance traits (eg carcass quality)
Field performance ( n environments)
INDUSTRY STANDARD FAMILY BASED (SIB) SELECTION
16
Mass selection
Immune priming effect
Genomic selection
Up to 100
Family selection
50 of the genetic gain
WHAT ABOUT BIOSECURITY
Family - Genomic
Mass
MASS SELECTION
REPRODUCE SURVIVORS
REPRODUCE UNINFECTED SIBLINGS
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
Broodstock
Family prod amp
larviculture
Genetic
Evaluations
(M)E
BV
BREEDING NUCLEUS
Tagging
Breeding
candidate
testing
Weight
Performance
genomic data
Testing units Sib Testing
Challenge tests ( n diseases)
Disturbance traits (eg carcass quality)
Field performance ( n environments)
INDUSTRY STANDARD FAMILY BASED (SIB) SELECTION
16
Mass selection
Immune priming effect
Genomic selection
Up to 100
Family selection
50 of the genetic gain
WHAT ABOUT BIOSECURITY
Family - Genomic
Mass
MASS SELECTION
REPRODUCE SURVIVORS
REPRODUCE UNINFECTED SIBLINGS
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
16
Mass selection
Immune priming effect
Genomic selection
Up to 100
Family selection
50 of the genetic gain
WHAT ABOUT BIOSECURITY
Family - Genomic
Mass
MASS SELECTION
REPRODUCE SURVIVORS
REPRODUCE UNINFECTED SIBLINGS
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
Mass selection
Immune priming effect
Genomic selection
Up to 100
Family selection
50 of the genetic gain
WHAT ABOUT BIOSECURITY
Family - Genomic
Mass
MASS SELECTION
REPRODUCE SURVIVORS
REPRODUCE UNINFECTED SIBLINGS
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
WHAT ABOUT BIOSECURITY
Family - Genomic
Mass
MASS SELECTION
REPRODUCE SURVIVORS
REPRODUCE UNINFECTED SIBLINGS
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
MASS SELECTION
REPRODUCE SURVIVORS
REPRODUCE UNINFECTED SIBLINGS
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
REPRODUCE UNINFECTED SIBLINGS
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
GENOMIC selection (State OF the art)
Picks up QTL effects of all SNPs across the Genome
Selection candidates
bull Utilize the full genetic variance selection differentials
bull Increased accuracy of genetic predictors (EBV)
bull Reduced accumulation of inbreeding
Increased genetic gains
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
IMMUNE PRIMING - IMMUNE MEMORY
bull Viral accommodation Tim Flegel
bull Immune priming invertebrates
bull Transgenerational immune priming bull Male bull Female
bull Role of DSCAM molecules in response to different bacterial strains
bull Epigenetics of Non lethal thermal stress in A franciscana
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
EPIGENETICS OF NON LETHAL HEAT SHOCK
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
27
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
1994
Mass selection for
TSV survival 1997
Family and within
family selection
Base population 8
countries
200 familiesyear
2002
Breeder selection
and dissemination
scheme for Colombia
Biosecure ponds for
breeders
2008
Mass selection
program for
tolerance to
WSSV
2013
Evaluation of SNPs
for parentage
assignment
2017
2018
Development of SNP
chip ndash GWAS amp
Genomic selection
for WSSV EMS and
other diseases
Phenotypic
training data
disease resistance
for genomic work
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
MALE SUSCEPTIBLE
FEMALE SUSCEPTIBLE
MALE RESISTANT
FEMALE RESISTANT FEMALE
RESISTANT FEMALE
SUSCEPTIIBLE
TAGGED (50 ANIMALSFAMILY)
WSSV CHALLENGE
GROWTH TEST
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
64
265
540
00
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Susceptible Hybrid WSSV Resistant
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
269
305
306
145
144
315
224
113
143
264
044
074
047
068
053
026
033
014
037
0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
S VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H
R VS H Hazard Ratios
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
BACKCROSS F2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H
S x
H
T x H
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
s
urv
ival
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
C X H T x H TXH SUR TXH NAIVE
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico 34
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
AHPND
Trait h2 c2
Harvest Weight 051plusmn 002 007 plusmn 000
Growth Per week 027 plusmn 001 007 plusmn 000
Robustness 044 plusmn 022 -
AHPND 037plusmn 002 -
Gitterle et al Aquaculture America 2018
Mexico AHPND h2 lt010 bullhttpbioaquavnengenetic-variation-for-resistance-to-
wss-ahpnd-in-pacific-white-shrimp
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONT CONT 4 GR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hours
Perc
en
t su
rviv
al
CONTBMK
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
Growth
Reproduction
Immunity
3 Reunioacuten Cientiacutefica y Tecnoloacutegica sobre el cultivo del camaroacuten Ciudad Obregon Meacutexico
37
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
If resistance is negatively correlated with growth and reproductive capacity it will
be rapidly lost from the breeding nucleus unless
continuous selection pressure is maintained for
resistance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
20
40
30
1993
1994
1997
1999
2004
50
60
70
80
TSV EVOLUTION COLOMBIA
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
Safe
Robust
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
OBRIGADA
bull Harnessing biological control to drive sustainability and performance
